2012 Vol. 27, No. 9
Display Method:
2012, 27(9): 913-918.
Abstract:
A cDNA encoding IPA1 was isolated from Nipponbare by RT-PCR, sequencing results showed that the sequence consists of 1 257 bp with a complete CDS and encodes a protein of 418 amino acids. In addition, the prediction results indicated that molecular weight of target protein was 42.51 kD and theoretical isoelectric point was 9.37. The plant expression vector was constructed by ligating the cDNA fragment into expression vector pHI, then the recombinant plasmid pHI-IPA1 was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion analysis with SmaI、SacI, and further verified by DNA sequencing. Vector plasmid was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which will lay foundation for rice genetic transformation.
A cDNA encoding IPA1 was isolated from Nipponbare by RT-PCR, sequencing results showed that the sequence consists of 1 257 bp with a complete CDS and encodes a protein of 418 amino acids. In addition, the prediction results indicated that molecular weight of target protein was 42.51 kD and theoretical isoelectric point was 9.37. The plant expression vector was constructed by ligating the cDNA fragment into expression vector pHI, then the recombinant plasmid pHI-IPA1 was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion analysis with SmaI、SacI, and further verified by DNA sequencing. Vector plasmid was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which will lay foundation for rice genetic transformation.
2012, 27(9): 919-923.
Abstract:
On the basis of GS mRNA and specific primer, Using 3'RACE PCR amplified the gene sequence and analyzed some bioinformatics information of the sequence in NCBI web. GS DNA fragment was about 1.0 kb.The sequence blast showed that the homology of fragment with GS gene of Asp.niger in GenbBank was more than 97% and with other Asp were more than 50%.Open reading frame analyzed that it included 2 exon,one of which had 100% homology with GS of Asp.niger.
On the basis of GS mRNA and specific primer, Using 3'RACE PCR amplified the gene sequence and analyzed some bioinformatics information of the sequence in NCBI web. GS DNA fragment was about 1.0 kb.The sequence blast showed that the homology of fragment with GS gene of Asp.niger in GenbBank was more than 97% and with other Asp were more than 50%.Open reading frame analyzed that it included 2 exon,one of which had 100% homology with GS of Asp.niger.
2012, 27(9): 924-930.
Abstract:
Based on gene chip of japonica rice cv. Yunyin induced with Magnaporthe grisea, one of the candidate genes up-regulated remarkably by Sichuan43's isolation was cloned. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analyses suggest that the gene is closest relative to Oryza sativa L. AF529237.2 and Tritieum aestivum X51608.1 with 99.0% and 88.0% identity, and may relate to phosphoribulo kinase which is a critical enzyme in calvin cycle. Subsequently, the overexpression, RNAi expression and transient expression vector were constructed to obtain corresponsive transgenic lines, respectively. All these transgenic lines generated were used to assess the function of the gene in the stress response.
Based on gene chip of japonica rice cv. Yunyin induced with Magnaporthe grisea, one of the candidate genes up-regulated remarkably by Sichuan43's isolation was cloned. Sequence and phylogenetic tree analyses suggest that the gene is closest relative to Oryza sativa L. AF529237.2 and Tritieum aestivum X51608.1 with 99.0% and 88.0% identity, and may relate to phosphoribulo kinase which is a critical enzyme in calvin cycle. Subsequently, the overexpression, RNAi expression and transient expression vector were constructed to obtain corresponsive transgenic lines, respectively. All these transgenic lines generated were used to assess the function of the gene in the stress response.
2012, 27(9): 931-935.
Abstract:
Based on a fragment cDNA from different florescence suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis,an actin gene NtACT1 was separated and cloned by RACE and RT-PCR. The NtACT1 cDNA is 1 448 bp,containing a 1 134 bp ORF,encoding a protein of 377 amino acid with a predicted molecular mass of 41.66kD and theoretical isoelectric point of 5.31. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NtACT1 was clustered together with actin4 and actin12 from which were reproductive actin isovariants. Genetic relationship of NtACT1 is closest with actin of Platycodon grandiflorus (AEF58501),next with actin of Mangifera indica (AEO45960) and Gossypium hirsutum (AAC31886),and farther with actin from Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis (AEM89276). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that NtACT1 could express at similar level in root,leaf,scape,petal,corolla,stamen and pistil.Therefore,NtACT1 might be constitutive expression actin gene.
Based on a fragment cDNA from different florescence suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis,an actin gene NtACT1 was separated and cloned by RACE and RT-PCR. The NtACT1 cDNA is 1 448 bp,containing a 1 134 bp ORF,encoding a protein of 377 amino acid with a predicted molecular mass of 41.66kD and theoretical isoelectric point of 5.31. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NtACT1 was clustered together with actin4 and actin12 from which were reproductive actin isovariants. Genetic relationship of NtACT1 is closest with actin of Platycodon grandiflorus (AEF58501),next with actin of Mangifera indica (AEO45960) and Gossypium hirsutum (AAC31886),and farther with actin from Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis (AEM89276). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that NtACT1 could express at similar level in root,leaf,scape,petal,corolla,stamen and pistil.Therefore,NtACT1 might be constitutive expression actin gene.
2012, 27(9): 936-940.
Abstract:
For evaluation and rational utilization of the germplasm resources of Common carp, the genetic diversity of Cyprinus carpio L, C.carpio haematopterus, C.carpio var.wuyuanensis, C.carpio var .singuonensis、C.carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegfl and C.carpio var.jian were analyzed with 13 microsatellite markers. In total, 142 alleles were detected in the six populations of common carp by the 13 microsatellite loci, whose DNA fragment length ranged from 116 bps to 280 bps. The average heterozygosity observed (Ho) varied from 0.564 to 0.705, and the heterozygosity expected (He) varied from 0.611 to 0.776 respectively in the six populations. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) of the 13 loci in the 6 populations of common carp ranged from 0.573 to 0.749. The average fixation index (FIS) showed heterozygote excess only in the C.carpio var. jian population,but heterozygote deficiency in the other 5 populations. The results suggested that rich polymorphism information content , large genetic diversity and great potential for selective breeding lied in the six populations. The genetic distance between each populations of the six Common carp populations and the UPGAM dendrogram showed that C.carpio L and C.carpio var .singuonensis were the farthest in relationship, and C.carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegfl and C.carpio var. jian were the nearest.
For evaluation and rational utilization of the germplasm resources of Common carp, the genetic diversity of Cyprinus carpio L, C.carpio haematopterus, C.carpio var.wuyuanensis, C.carpio var .singuonensis、C.carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegfl and C.carpio var.jian were analyzed with 13 microsatellite markers. In total, 142 alleles were detected in the six populations of common carp by the 13 microsatellite loci, whose DNA fragment length ranged from 116 bps to 280 bps. The average heterozygosity observed (Ho) varied from 0.564 to 0.705, and the heterozygosity expected (He) varied from 0.611 to 0.776 respectively in the six populations. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) of the 13 loci in the 6 populations of common carp ranged from 0.573 to 0.749. The average fixation index (FIS) showed heterozygote excess only in the C.carpio var. jian population,but heterozygote deficiency in the other 5 populations. The results suggested that rich polymorphism information content , large genetic diversity and great potential for selective breeding lied in the six populations. The genetic distance between each populations of the six Common carp populations and the UPGAM dendrogram showed that C.carpio L and C.carpio var .singuonensis were the farthest in relationship, and C.carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegfl and C.carpio var. jian were the nearest.
2012, 27(9): 941-944.
Abstract:
The 3D gene of porcine kobuvirus was amplified by RT-PCR from tissues of piglets association with diarrhea from Fujian and then sequenced. The results showed that the porcine kobuvirus 3D gene was 1 407 bp in length, coding an open reading frame (ORF) containing 468 amino acids.Compared with the published PKV 3D genes by the bioinformatics software, the sequenced gene shared the highest homogeneity with SH-W-CHN/2010/China strain of 93.6%. In the phylogenetic tree, the porcine kobuvirus Fujian strain was at the same branch with other strains isolated in China while the Hungarian isolates share another branch, which indicated that the porcine kobuvirus had its own evolution status in different continents.
The 3D gene of porcine kobuvirus was amplified by RT-PCR from tissues of piglets association with diarrhea from Fujian and then sequenced. The results showed that the porcine kobuvirus 3D gene was 1 407 bp in length, coding an open reading frame (ORF) containing 468 amino acids.Compared with the published PKV 3D genes by the bioinformatics software, the sequenced gene shared the highest homogeneity with SH-W-CHN/2010/China strain of 93.6%. In the phylogenetic tree, the porcine kobuvirus Fujian strain was at the same branch with other strains isolated in China while the Hungarian isolates share another branch, which indicated that the porcine kobuvirus had its own evolution status in different continents.
2012, 27(9): 945-950.
Abstract:
Samples came from Muscovy ducklings with yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis were positive for duck hepatitis A virus-1 (DHAV-1) by RT-PCR.A virus strain (named as MPZJ1206) was abtained from Virus-containing allantoic fluid after inoculation of embryonated Muscovy duck eggs with DHAV-1-positive samples. The isolate shows no hemagglutinating activity with chickens, ducks or sheep red blood cells at different temperature.Plaque purified virus was specifically neutralized by anti-DHAV-1 hyperimmune serum.Seven-day-old Muscovy ducklings inoculated with the virus showed a mortality rate of 38.5%, and yielded the same pathological characteristics as those of clinical onset duck had.The virus strain also recovered from the pancreas of Muscovy duckling died in the trials.A 714-bp fregment gene was abtained by using a set of primers aimed at VP1 ORF gene, and shared 99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with that of classical DHAV-1 strain Du/CH/LGD/111239. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MPZJ1206 strain lay in the viral lineage of DHAV-1.The above results indicate that pancreatitis in Muscovy ducklings was caused due to the infection of duck hepatitis A virus type 1, and this pathotype is distincted from hemorrhagic hepatitis caused by classical duck hepatitis A virus, so it advised that the virus isolated in this study could be named as pancreatitis-type DHAV-1.
Samples came from Muscovy ducklings with yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis were positive for duck hepatitis A virus-1 (DHAV-1) by RT-PCR.A virus strain (named as MPZJ1206) was abtained from Virus-containing allantoic fluid after inoculation of embryonated Muscovy duck eggs with DHAV-1-positive samples. The isolate shows no hemagglutinating activity with chickens, ducks or sheep red blood cells at different temperature.Plaque purified virus was specifically neutralized by anti-DHAV-1 hyperimmune serum.Seven-day-old Muscovy ducklings inoculated with the virus showed a mortality rate of 38.5%, and yielded the same pathological characteristics as those of clinical onset duck had.The virus strain also recovered from the pancreas of Muscovy duckling died in the trials.A 714-bp fregment gene was abtained by using a set of primers aimed at VP1 ORF gene, and shared 99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with that of classical DHAV-1 strain Du/CH/LGD/111239. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MPZJ1206 strain lay in the viral lineage of DHAV-1.The above results indicate that pancreatitis in Muscovy ducklings was caused due to the infection of duck hepatitis A virus type 1, and this pathotype is distincted from hemorrhagic hepatitis caused by classical duck hepatitis A virus, so it advised that the virus isolated in this study could be named as pancreatitis-type DHAV-1.
2012, 27(9): 951-956.
Abstract:
The primers were designed and synthesized according to the reported muscovy duck reovirus(MDRV) M gene in Genbank. M gene in muscovy duck reovirus MW9710 strain were amplified by RT-PCR and went on sequencing and characteristic analysis. M1 genome segment was 2283bp in length, the nucleotide sequence had 99.9% homology with MDRV S14 strain and no more than 74.0% homology with ARV. M1 gene contained only one ORF (13bp~2211bp) that was predicted to encode μA protein of 732 amino acid. M2 genome segment was 2155bp in length, the nucleotide sequence had 99.9% homology with MDRV S14 strain and no more than 69.0% homology with ARV. M2 gene contained only one ORF (28-2058bp) that was predicted to encode μB protein of 676 amino acid. M3 genome segment was 1997bp in length and the sequence had 95.3% homology compared to MDRV 89330, but at most 74% homology with ARV. M3 gene in muscovy duck reovirus contained an ORF(25-1683bp)that encoded a protein of 552 amino acids with a molecular mass of 60.0Kd. but ARV lacked a nucleotide C in 1169bp,that made the ORF (25-1932bp)encode 635 amino acids. The 3'terminal conserved motif was UCAUC-3', but 5'terminal conserved motif was 5'ACUUUUU, 5'UCUUUUU, 5'GCUUUUU in M1,M2,M3 genome segment respectively.
The primers were designed and synthesized according to the reported muscovy duck reovirus(MDRV) M gene in Genbank. M gene in muscovy duck reovirus MW9710 strain were amplified by RT-PCR and went on sequencing and characteristic analysis. M1 genome segment was 2283bp in length, the nucleotide sequence had 99.9% homology with MDRV S14 strain and no more than 74.0% homology with ARV. M1 gene contained only one ORF (13bp~2211bp) that was predicted to encode μA protein of 732 amino acid. M2 genome segment was 2155bp in length, the nucleotide sequence had 99.9% homology with MDRV S14 strain and no more than 69.0% homology with ARV. M2 gene contained only one ORF (28-2058bp) that was predicted to encode μB protein of 676 amino acid. M3 genome segment was 1997bp in length and the sequence had 95.3% homology compared to MDRV 89330, but at most 74% homology with ARV. M3 gene in muscovy duck reovirus contained an ORF(25-1683bp)that encoded a protein of 552 amino acids with a molecular mass of 60.0Kd. but ARV lacked a nucleotide C in 1169bp,that made the ORF (25-1932bp)encode 635 amino acids. The 3'terminal conserved motif was UCAUC-3', but 5'terminal conserved motif was 5'ACUUUUU, 5'UCUUUUU, 5'GCUUUUU in M1,M2,M3 genome segment respectively.
2012, 27(9): 957-960.
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amino acid balanced diets with different protein levels on productive performance, fecal indices and N excretion of lactating sows. Sixty crossbred sows(Large White ? Landrace) sows, with 3-6 parity , similar body condition and parturition dates were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups and each group had 15 sows, and the lactation length was 21 days. Four groups of sows were fed respectively diets with different crude protein(CP) levels 18%( control group), 17%, 16% and 15%, and the latter 3 diets were low CP amino acid balanced diets. The results showed that the productive performance, fecal moisture conten, fecal PH, the quantity of lactobacillus and the quantity of Escherichia coli of lactating sows was not affected negatively (P>0.05), but the N excretion was decreased significantly (PP<0.01), while the reduction of dietary CP was 1% to 3%.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amino acid balanced diets with different protein levels on productive performance, fecal indices and N excretion of lactating sows. Sixty crossbred sows(Large White ? Landrace) sows, with 3-6 parity , similar body condition and parturition dates were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups and each group had 15 sows, and the lactation length was 21 days. Four groups of sows were fed respectively diets with different crude protein(CP) levels 18%( control group), 17%, 16% and 15%, and the latter 3 diets were low CP amino acid balanced diets. The results showed that the productive performance, fecal moisture conten, fecal PH, the quantity of lactobacillus and the quantity of Escherichia coli of lactating sows was not affected negatively (P>0.05), but the N excretion was decreased significantly (PP<0.01), while the reduction of dietary CP was 1% to 3%.
2012, 27(9): 961-964.
Abstract:
Diseased eels collected between 2006-2012 were classified by pidemiological, clinical symptoms and pathological characteristics, and 36 samples suspected to be infected by virus were identified. Total DNA was extraced from liver, spleen or kidney, and used for herpesvirus anguillae (HVA) detection. The results showed that herpesvirus anguillae were detected from 6 samples, and the disease of "Skin Mucous Debonding", "Septicemia", "Red Head", "Gill Rotten", which causing huge losses to the eel aquaculture industry, might caused by HVA; the amplified DNA sequence were exactely the same with the sequence from the starin of Taiwan, Japan and Europe, which means they might be the identical strain.
Diseased eels collected between 2006-2012 were classified by pidemiological, clinical symptoms and pathological characteristics, and 36 samples suspected to be infected by virus were identified. Total DNA was extraced from liver, spleen or kidney, and used for herpesvirus anguillae (HVA) detection. The results showed that herpesvirus anguillae were detected from 6 samples, and the disease of "Skin Mucous Debonding", "Septicemia", "Red Head", "Gill Rotten", which causing huge losses to the eel aquaculture industry, might caused by HVA; the amplified DNA sequence were exactely the same with the sequence from the starin of Taiwan, Japan and Europe, which means they might be the identical strain.
2012, 27(9): 965-967.
Abstract:
The tolerance range of the glass eels of Anguilla bicolor to water temperature were tested to be 3-39℃, and the most suitable temperature ranged from 13℃ to 35℃. The tolerance to salinity and pH were studied at water temperature of 10℃,20℃ and 30℃. At 20℃, the suitable salinity range was 0-1.9% and the limit salinity was 2.1%; the suitable pH range was 4.0-9.0, and limit pH was 3.0 and 10.0. At 30℃, the suitable salinity range and limit salinity were 0-1.7% and 2.0%, the suitable pH range was 4.5-8.5, and the limit pH were 3.5 and 10.5, Under the unsuitable water temperature condition of 10℃, the suitable salinity range and limit salinity were 0-1.6% and 1.9%, the suitable pH range and limit pH were 5.0-7.5 and 4.0, 10.0, all of which were lower than those under suitable water temperature.
The tolerance range of the glass eels of Anguilla bicolor to water temperature were tested to be 3-39℃, and the most suitable temperature ranged from 13℃ to 35℃. The tolerance to salinity and pH were studied at water temperature of 10℃,20℃ and 30℃. At 20℃, the suitable salinity range was 0-1.9% and the limit salinity was 2.1%; the suitable pH range was 4.0-9.0, and limit pH was 3.0 and 10.0. At 30℃, the suitable salinity range and limit salinity were 0-1.7% and 2.0%, the suitable pH range was 4.5-8.5, and the limit pH were 3.5 and 10.5, Under the unsuitable water temperature condition of 10℃, the suitable salinity range and limit salinity were 0-1.6% and 1.9%, the suitable pH range and limit pH were 5.0-7.5 and 4.0, 10.0, all of which were lower than those under suitable water temperature.
2012, 27(9): 968-972.
Abstract:
Relationship between yield and yield components of the Super-rice cultivars in Fujian was studied. It aimed to provide reference for Super-rice breeding and high yield cultivation. Four Super-rice cultivars bred in the province and approved by China's Ministry of Agriculture, along with Shanyou 63 as the control, were used for the study. The results showed that the Super-rice yielded 10 t穐m-2, which was significantly or very significantly higher than the control. The common characteristics of the yield components included (a) the number of grains per spike was very significantly higher than the control;and (b) the yield did not significantly correlate to any individual yield component, but highly and positively correlated to the grains per spike. The path analysis indicated that the grains per spike had the greatest contribution(i.e., 70.55%)to the yield, among all factors. Rice yield was very significantly correlation to the sink size(number of panicle ? number of grains per panicle ? grain weight). The dominant factor for a high yield Super-rice was believed to be the large sink size, which depended mainly on total grains per unit area or the number of grains per panicle. Consequently, in order to improve the rice yield, large panicles should be cultivated within a certain number of panicles.
Relationship between yield and yield components of the Super-rice cultivars in Fujian was studied. It aimed to provide reference for Super-rice breeding and high yield cultivation. Four Super-rice cultivars bred in the province and approved by China's Ministry of Agriculture, along with Shanyou 63 as the control, were used for the study. The results showed that the Super-rice yielded 10 t穐m-2, which was significantly or very significantly higher than the control. The common characteristics of the yield components included (a) the number of grains per spike was very significantly higher than the control;and (b) the yield did not significantly correlate to any individual yield component, but highly and positively correlated to the grains per spike. The path analysis indicated that the grains per spike had the greatest contribution(i.e., 70.55%)to the yield, among all factors. Rice yield was very significantly correlation to the sink size(number of panicle ? number of grains per panicle ? grain weight). The dominant factor for a high yield Super-rice was believed to be the large sink size, which depended mainly on total grains per unit area or the number of grains per panicle. Consequently, in order to improve the rice yield, large panicles should be cultivated within a certain number of panicles.
2012, 27(9): 973-976.
Abstract:
Through hybridization between the high quality CMS line, Yixiang 1A, and the restoring line, Jia 7, a new hybrid rice combination, Yiyou-jia 7, was bred by the Rice Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Qingzhi Agricultural Science and Technology Research Center of Fujian in Lianjiang County. This hybrid rice showed the characteristics of high and stable yield, as well as, a broad adaptability in the regional test. Yiyou-jia 7 attained the highest quality standard for rice. The breeding procedure, main characteristics and high-yielding cultivation of Yiyou-jia 7 are presented.
Through hybridization between the high quality CMS line, Yixiang 1A, and the restoring line, Jia 7, a new hybrid rice combination, Yiyou-jia 7, was bred by the Rice Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Qingzhi Agricultural Science and Technology Research Center of Fujian in Lianjiang County. This hybrid rice showed the characteristics of high and stable yield, as well as, a broad adaptability in the regional test. Yiyou-jia 7 attained the highest quality standard for rice. The breeding procedure, main characteristics and high-yielding cultivation of Yiyou-jia 7 are presented.
2012, 27(9): 977-981.
Abstract:
Comparative studies on variation of agronomic characteristics as well as the yield of the kernel and stalk in five peanut varieties were carried out with different soil conditions.The results showed as follows: the ability to adapt to different soil conditions is discrepant, even the same varieties of peanut. The biological yield is also changed in two soils. In sandy loam the yield both of the kernel and stalk showed a highly significant positive correlation with plant height and branch length respectively. But there was a significant positive correlation between the yield and pod number per plant in clay loam.It is concerned that the yield of the kernel and stalk were negative correlated with which including 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling percentage. Shan G was better than both Shan E and Quanhua No.7 between peanut yield and peanut vine yield in clay loam. It was a comprehensive advantage prominent peanut variety.
Comparative studies on variation of agronomic characteristics as well as the yield of the kernel and stalk in five peanut varieties were carried out with different soil conditions.The results showed as follows: the ability to adapt to different soil conditions is discrepant, even the same varieties of peanut. The biological yield is also changed in two soils. In sandy loam the yield both of the kernel and stalk showed a highly significant positive correlation with plant height and branch length respectively. But there was a significant positive correlation between the yield and pod number per plant in clay loam.It is concerned that the yield of the kernel and stalk were negative correlated with which including 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling percentage. Shan G was better than both Shan E and Quanhua No.7 between peanut yield and peanut vine yield in clay loam. It was a comprehensive advantage prominent peanut variety.
2012, 27(9): 982-988.
Abstract:
This paper established a fertilization index of N, P and K for wintertime potato based on 110 field experiments on the fertilizer efficiencies of N, P and K in main produce areas of Fujian in recent years.Results showed that applied NPK fertilizers may get significant increasing yield that were by 29.4%, 12.8% and 19.1% respectively, and theirs average efficiencies was N>K>P.There were linear relationship between yield of CK and yield of balanced fertilization.High yield critical value of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N、Olsen-P and available K were 261 mg·kg-1、55 mg·kg-1 and 123 mg·kg-1 respectively. Economic application rate on potato were N225 kg·hm-2、P2O5 88 kg·hm-2 and K2O 198 kg·hm-2 on average respectively. However,the optimum application rates in different soil fertility grades were different.Relationship between soil available NPK testing value and optimum application rate satisfied exponential model and the model realized intention that fertilization recommendation for plot according to soil testing. 28 comparative trials showed that average increasing yield was by 8.3% and net income was by 1429 Yuan·hm-2 in recommendation fertilization compared with farmers practice.The results provided scientific foundation for highly effective fertilization on wintertime potato production in Fujian.
This paper established a fertilization index of N, P and K for wintertime potato based on 110 field experiments on the fertilizer efficiencies of N, P and K in main produce areas of Fujian in recent years.Results showed that applied NPK fertilizers may get significant increasing yield that were by 29.4%, 12.8% and 19.1% respectively, and theirs average efficiencies was N>K>P.There were linear relationship between yield of CK and yield of balanced fertilization.High yield critical value of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N、Olsen-P and available K were 261 mg·kg-1、55 mg·kg-1 and 123 mg·kg-1 respectively. Economic application rate on potato were N225 kg·hm-2、P2O5 88 kg·hm-2 and K2O 198 kg·hm-2 on average respectively. However,the optimum application rates in different soil fertility grades were different.Relationship between soil available NPK testing value and optimum application rate satisfied exponential model and the model realized intention that fertilization recommendation for plot according to soil testing. 28 comparative trials showed that average increasing yield was by 8.3% and net income was by 1429 Yuan·hm-2 in recommendation fertilization compared with farmers practice.The results provided scientific foundation for highly effective fertilization on wintertime potato production in Fujian.
2012, 27(9): 989-993.
Abstract:
One bud and two leaves from Camellia Sinensis cv.Ruixiang, a highly aromatic cultivars suitable for processing, were used to make green tea for this study. The impact of water loss at withering on the quality of green tea was examined. Both solar and indoor natural withering methods were applied to induce the water loss. The results showed that (a) the water extract of the resulting teas decreased slowly with severity of the withering; (b) tea polyphenols changed consistently in a w-shape fashion for both withering methods; (c) the content of polyphenols was lowest in the non-withered green tea, and highest in the tea with a 5% water loss; (d) within a certain range, the more severe the withering the more caffeine and amino acids were formed a significant, positive correlation existed; (d) the ratios of polyphenols to amino acids decreased as the water loss increased; (f) the water loss had a similar impact on tea's sensory quality, i.e., increasing followed by a decline; and (g) the sensory evaluation score was the highest at 15% to 20% water loss by the natural withering, while at 25% water loss by the solar withering. Overall, the natural withering affected more significantly than the solar withering on biochemical composition and sensory quality of the green tea. Therefore, it appeared to be more desirable to wither the tea by using the natural means.
One bud and two leaves from Camellia Sinensis cv.Ruixiang, a highly aromatic cultivars suitable for processing, were used to make green tea for this study. The impact of water loss at withering on the quality of green tea was examined. Both solar and indoor natural withering methods were applied to induce the water loss. The results showed that (a) the water extract of the resulting teas decreased slowly with severity of the withering; (b) tea polyphenols changed consistently in a w-shape fashion for both withering methods; (c) the content of polyphenols was lowest in the non-withered green tea, and highest in the tea with a 5% water loss; (d) within a certain range, the more severe the withering the more caffeine and amino acids were formed a significant, positive correlation existed; (d) the ratios of polyphenols to amino acids decreased as the water loss increased; (f) the water loss had a similar impact on tea's sensory quality, i.e., increasing followed by a decline; and (g) the sensory evaluation score was the highest at 15% to 20% water loss by the natural withering, while at 25% water loss by the solar withering. Overall, the natural withering affected more significantly than the solar withering on biochemical composition and sensory quality of the green tea. Therefore, it appeared to be more desirable to wither the tea by using the natural means.
2012, 27(9): 994-998.
Abstract:
Content of levodopa (L-Dopa) in different parts and by different drying methods of the broad bean seedlings was determined by means of HPLC.And, the changes in the content during germination and seedling growth were also observed.The results showed that (a) the changes during germination were similar for the three varieties tested - decreased initially followed by sub sequent increase; (b) unlike sprouts, the seedlings showed an initial increase in L-Dopa followed by a decline: (c) L-Dopa content in seedlings of different broad bean varieties varied from 4.39% to 7.64%, with the highest content found in the variety C205 (which was 0.74 times greater than the lowest); and (d) L-Dopa in the broad bean seedlings was the highest, followed by the roots, and then, the cotyledon.When dried at 60℃,the L-Dopa content in the broad bean seedlings was only 55.36% of that in those at 100℃,indicating a significant L-Dopa reduction due to low processing temperature.
Content of levodopa (L-Dopa) in different parts and by different drying methods of the broad bean seedlings was determined by means of HPLC.And, the changes in the content during germination and seedling growth were also observed.The results showed that (a) the changes during germination were similar for the three varieties tested - decreased initially followed by sub sequent increase; (b) unlike sprouts, the seedlings showed an initial increase in L-Dopa followed by a decline: (c) L-Dopa content in seedlings of different broad bean varieties varied from 4.39% to 7.64%, with the highest content found in the variety C205 (which was 0.74 times greater than the lowest); and (d) L-Dopa in the broad bean seedlings was the highest, followed by the roots, and then, the cotyledon.When dried at 60℃,the L-Dopa content in the broad bean seedlings was only 55.36% of that in those at 100℃,indicating a significant L-Dopa reduction due to low processing temperature.
2012, 27(9): 999-1003.
Abstract:
To improve the blossom quality of the butterfly orchid, Phalaenopsis, the V31 variety (Dtps. Tailin Red Angel V31) was applied to study the factors that might affect it. During the flower bud differentiation period, the fertilizing solution, light exposure, environmental temperature, etc. were altered to observe the effects. The results showed that (a) when the N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the Peters Professional Fertilizer was 10:30:20, the fertilizer concentration at 1,500 times, the mixing ratio at 2 fertilizer to 1 water, the light intensity in the range of 15,000 to 25,000 Lx, and the day/night temperature at 26-28℃/16-18℃, the butterfly orchid had the most buds with largest panicles; (b) when the Peters Professional Fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 20:20:20 was applied, the largest orchid corolla resulted; and (c) both temperature and light intensity affected significantly on the blooming process-at high temperature and under intense light, there would be 2 to 4 more blossoms in 30 days than otherwise.
To improve the blossom quality of the butterfly orchid, Phalaenopsis, the V31 variety (Dtps. Tailin Red Angel V31) was applied to study the factors that might affect it. During the flower bud differentiation period, the fertilizing solution, light exposure, environmental temperature, etc. were altered to observe the effects. The results showed that (a) when the N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the Peters Professional Fertilizer was 10:30:20, the fertilizer concentration at 1,500 times, the mixing ratio at 2 fertilizer to 1 water, the light intensity in the range of 15,000 to 25,000 Lx, and the day/night temperature at 26-28℃/16-18℃, the butterfly orchid had the most buds with largest panicles; (b) when the Peters Professional Fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 20:20:20 was applied, the largest orchid corolla resulted; and (c) both temperature and light intensity affected significantly on the blooming process-at high temperature and under intense light, there would be 2 to 4 more blossoms in 30 days than otherwise.
2012, 27(9): 1004-1010.
Abstract:
Agaropectin was extracted by EDTA-Na2, the content of sulfate group and total sugar were determined by barium sulfate turbidimetry and hydrochloric acid and phenol-sulfuric acid method, respectively. Based on single factor experiments, the extraction technique for agaropectin was optimized using response surface methodology, the mathematical regression model was established for predicting the value of sulfate group content plus total sugar for agaropectin (Y) at different levels of adding EDTA-Na2(A), treating time (B) and temperature (C). The optimal extraction parameters for agaropectin were determined as: adding EDTA-Na2 5.90 g·L-1, treating time 2.2 h at temperature of 53℃, respectively. With the optimal parameters, the content of sulfate group plus total sugar for agaropectin extracted was 84.00±0.04%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value(Y).
Agaropectin was extracted by EDTA-Na2, the content of sulfate group and total sugar were determined by barium sulfate turbidimetry and hydrochloric acid and phenol-sulfuric acid method, respectively. Based on single factor experiments, the extraction technique for agaropectin was optimized using response surface methodology, the mathematical regression model was established for predicting the value of sulfate group content plus total sugar for agaropectin (Y) at different levels of adding EDTA-Na2(A), treating time (B) and temperature (C). The optimal extraction parameters for agaropectin were determined as: adding EDTA-Na2 5.90 g·L-1, treating time 2.2 h at temperature of 53℃, respectively. With the optimal parameters, the content of sulfate group plus total sugar for agaropectin extracted was 84.00±0.04%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value(Y).
2012, 27(9): 1011-1015.
Abstract:
To understand the degrading mechanism of feather, the changes of feather residues on apparent structure and protein conformation in degradation were studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transfer Infrared Reflectance (FTIR) techniques. SEM images showed the similarity between feather and feather rod on their protein conformation, although their apparent structures were different. Direct extrusion treatment didn't change the apparent structure of feather but resulted in void structure while treated initially with hydrolysis. The conformations of treated feathers were stable. Alkali degradation and enzymatic degradation could break off the linkage of chemical bonds for feather protein, such as breaking the disulfide bond remarkably into S-O in cysteine sulfonate and cysteic acid, which was indicated by shifting of IR absorption peak at 1075cm-1 towards 1030cm-1 and 1109cm-1. In addition, some salt crystal appeared on the surface of alkali degraded samples.
To understand the degrading mechanism of feather, the changes of feather residues on apparent structure and protein conformation in degradation were studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transfer Infrared Reflectance (FTIR) techniques. SEM images showed the similarity between feather and feather rod on their protein conformation, although their apparent structures were different. Direct extrusion treatment didn't change the apparent structure of feather but resulted in void structure while treated initially with hydrolysis. The conformations of treated feathers were stable. Alkali degradation and enzymatic degradation could break off the linkage of chemical bonds for feather protein, such as breaking the disulfide bond remarkably into S-O in cysteine sulfonate and cysteic acid, which was indicated by shifting of IR absorption peak at 1075cm-1 towards 1030cm-1 and 1109cm-1. In addition, some salt crystal appeared on the surface of alkali degraded samples.
2012, 27(9): 1016-1019.
Abstract:
Four strains named LA-2, LA-4, LA-7 and LA-10 were distinguished by random screening of strains for bioproduction of 5-aminolevulinic acid.After shaking flask fermentation, the highest yield was 6.88 mg稬-1 from LA-10. The strain was identified as Staphylococcus cohnii based on the morphological, physiological , biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA analysis. It was named Staphylococcus cohnii LA-10.
Four strains named LA-2, LA-4, LA-7 and LA-10 were distinguished by random screening of strains for bioproduction of 5-aminolevulinic acid.After shaking flask fermentation, the highest yield was 6.88 mg稬-1 from LA-10. The strain was identified as Staphylococcus cohnii based on the morphological, physiological , biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA analysis. It was named Staphylococcus cohnii LA-10.
2012, 27(9): 1020-1023.
Abstract:
The network information service platform based on Ajax and WCF technological system was established based on Fujian agricultural products display to solve the problems of the agricultural website openness and sharing lack at present. The platform pays attention to provide software service for small or medium agricultural enterprises in Fujian province, including creating website, supporting rural science and technology information, the sharing of agricultural news, multiple ways to promote their products. The demonstration and application of the information platform in local rural science and technology information network showed that the platform with wide reference meaning and popularization value provides the technological support and basic platform for creating website and promoting their products, which is beneficial to accumulation and sharing of agricultural product information resources.
The network information service platform based on Ajax and WCF technological system was established based on Fujian agricultural products display to solve the problems of the agricultural website openness and sharing lack at present. The platform pays attention to provide software service for small or medium agricultural enterprises in Fujian province, including creating website, supporting rural science and technology information, the sharing of agricultural news, multiple ways to promote their products. The demonstration and application of the information platform in local rural science and technology information network showed that the platform with wide reference meaning and popularization value provides the technological support and basic platform for creating website and promoting their products, which is beneficial to accumulation and sharing of agricultural product information resources.
2012, 27(9): 1024-1026.
Abstract:
This paper introduces the definition of food production license (QS) and its producing background and meaning. The basic requirement for QS application of bee products was described in detail. Furthermore, by means of interviewing and questionnaire, the problems during QS implementation of bee products were investigated, and several related advices were proposed accordingly.
This paper introduces the definition of food production license (QS) and its producing background and meaning. The basic requirement for QS application of bee products was described in detail. Furthermore, by means of interviewing and questionnaire, the problems during QS implementation of bee products were investigated, and several related advices were proposed accordingly.
