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1
2011, 26(4): 611-614.
Abstract：
Based on the morphological appearances and descriptions in literature,a simple and convenient method for identifying the sex of diamondback moth(DBM),Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus),was developed.The results showed that the sex of the first-and second-instar larvae was not easily distinguishable by naked eyes or optical microscopic observation.However,the male third-and fourth-instar larva showed a lighter colored fifth abdominal segment than that on the female counterparts.On the male pupae,a lump on each side of a short,longitudinal slip was visible near the gonopore on the 9th abdominal segment.The female pupae had a long,longitudinal slip between the genital pore on the 8th abdominal segment and the oviporus on the 9th segment.The adult males had characteristic brown wings with a wavy edge on the posterior margin and a yorked abdominal end.The female adults,on the other hand,were lighter in color and bigger on body size than the males,and had their abdominal ends appeared round in shape.
Based on the morphological appearances and descriptions in literature,a simple and convenient method for identifying the sex of diamondback moth(DBM),Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus),was developed.The results showed that the sex of the first-and second-instar larvae was not easily distinguishable by naked eyes or optical microscopic observation.However,the male third-and fourth-instar larva showed a lighter colored fifth abdominal segment than that on the female counterparts.On the male pupae,a lump on each side of a short,longitudinal slip was visible near the gonopore on the 9th abdominal segment.The female pupae had a long,longitudinal slip between the genital pore on the 8th abdominal segment and the oviporus on the 9th segment.The adult males had characteristic brown wings with a wavy edge on the posterior margin and a yorked abdominal end.The female adults,on the other hand,were lighter in color and bigger on body size than the males,and had their abdominal ends appeared round in shape.
2
Abstract：
This paper reviews the serine proteases’ structures,functions,protein engineering,expression system,and applications.Serine protease is a group of proteolytic enzymes that are important for its potential applications.All serine proteases have serine,histidine and aspartic acid in their active domain,and same catalytic mechanism.The members in the serine protease super family serve a wide range of physiological functions,especially in the pathogenesis of many diseases and intracellular signal transduction.Any minute alternations in their structures can result in significant functional changes.
This paper reviews the serine proteases’ structures,functions,protein engineering,expression system,and applications.Serine protease is a group of proteolytic enzymes that are important for its potential applications.All serine proteases have serine,histidine and aspartic acid in their active domain,and same catalytic mechanism.The members in the serine protease super family serve a wide range of physiological functions,especially in the pathogenesis of many diseases and intracellular signal transduction.Any minute alternations in their structures can result in significant functional changes.
3
2011, 26(6): 1076-1080.
Abstract：
This paper introduced a method that based on the reaction of primary amino groups with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) for determining the hydrolytic degree of cottonseed protein.Neutral protease was used to hydrolyze cottonseed protein and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was compared with three assay methods, i.e.o-phthaldialdehyde method, formaldehyde titration method and ninhydrin colorimetric method.Comparing with formaldehyde titration and ninhydrin colorimetric methods, results showed that OPA method performed more accurate and faster in analyzing, easier to handle, repeatable in results and friendly for environment.It is recommended that OPA method is an appropriate method for evaluating in hydrolytic degree of cottonseed protein.
This paper introduced a method that based on the reaction of primary amino groups with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) for determining the hydrolytic degree of cottonseed protein.Neutral protease was used to hydrolyze cottonseed protein and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was compared with three assay methods, i.e.o-phthaldialdehyde method, formaldehyde titration method and ninhydrin colorimetric method.Comparing with formaldehyde titration and ninhydrin colorimetric methods, results showed that OPA method performed more accurate and faster in analyzing, easier to handle, repeatable in results and friendly for environment.It is recommended that OPA method is an appropriate method for evaluating in hydrolytic degree of cottonseed protein.
4
Abstract：
The gene coding for green fluorescent protein(GFP) was successfully transferred to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum strain,FOV-135,by using the protoplast-mediated genetic transformation system.The transformants were stable after five successive subcultures.Four to six stable transformants could be obtained from one microgram of plasmid DNA.The PCR amplification confirmed that the gfp gene had been transformed to FOV-135.
The gene coding for green fluorescent protein(GFP) was successfully transferred to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum strain,FOV-135,by using the protoplast-mediated genetic transformation system.The transformants were stable after five successive subcultures.Four to six stable transformants could be obtained from one microgram of plasmid DNA.The PCR amplification confirmed that the gfp gene had been transformed to FOV-135.
5
2007, 22(2): 213-218.
Abstract：
Fatty acid is an important biomarker.Its application in biology research has become increasingly popular.The method of FAME fingerprint analysis is based on fatty acid’s utilization as a biomarker.This paper describes the FAME fingerprint analysis and its applications for microbial studies,including identification of unknown microbes and assessment of microbial diversity.
Fatty acid is an important biomarker.Its application in biology research has become increasingly popular.The method of FAME fingerprint analysis is based on fatty acid’s utilization as a biomarker.This paper describes the FAME fingerprint analysis and its applications for microbial studies,including identification of unknown microbes and assessment of microbial diversity.
6
2009, 24(2): 183-190.
Abstract：
This paper reviews the research on the citrus disease,huanglongbing(HLB),in China since 1978.It covers the disease geographical distribution and damages,host plant,studies on the pathogen,diagnosis and detection,transmission and epidemic,as well as control of HLB.
This paper reviews the research on the citrus disease,huanglongbing(HLB),in China since 1978.It covers the disease geographical distribution and damages,host plant,studies on the pathogen,diagnosis and detection,transmission and epidemic,as well as control of HLB.
7
2011, 26(5): 899-906.
Abstract：
This review was focused on the virulent and avirulent genes and the regulation of Ralstonia solanacearum pathogenicity. Ralstonia solanacearum had been described as a species-complex bacterium, therefore, many technology were applied to identify this bacterium. Meanwhile, the identification of R. solanacearum became more and more quick, convenient and sensitive. The genome of R.solanacearum strain had a size of 5.8 Mb with a high (G+C) content and a coding potential for approximately 5 120 proteins. It was organized in two replicons, a 3.7 Mb chromosome and a 2.1 Mb megaplasmid. The products of type III hrp section system, extrapolysaccharide, cell wall degrading enzymes such as pectinolytic and cellalolytic enzymes constituted were the major factors for the pathogenicity. All of these were mainly related to the hrp gene cluster, avr gene and virulence genes. The Type III secretion system (T3SS) and Type II secretion system (T2SS) that directly translocated effector proteins into the host cells were essential for the development of disease. Moreover, T2SS functionally interacts with T3SS. The virulence and pathogenicity genes of R. solanacearum were controlled by an elaborate sensory network. The system used PhcA concentration as a core to regulate the expression of pathogenic factors, and thus the growth status of bacteria.
This review was focused on the virulent and avirulent genes and the regulation of Ralstonia solanacearum pathogenicity. Ralstonia solanacearum had been described as a species-complex bacterium, therefore, many technology were applied to identify this bacterium. Meanwhile, the identification of R. solanacearum became more and more quick, convenient and sensitive. The genome of R.solanacearum strain had a size of 5.8 Mb with a high (G+C) content and a coding potential for approximately 5 120 proteins. It was organized in two replicons, a 3.7 Mb chromosome and a 2.1 Mb megaplasmid. The products of type III hrp section system, extrapolysaccharide, cell wall degrading enzymes such as pectinolytic and cellalolytic enzymes constituted were the major factors for the pathogenicity. All of these were mainly related to the hrp gene cluster, avr gene and virulence genes. The Type III secretion system (T3SS) and Type II secretion system (T2SS) that directly translocated effector proteins into the host cells were essential for the development of disease. Moreover, T2SS functionally interacts with T3SS. The virulence and pathogenicity genes of R. solanacearum were controlled by an elaborate sensory network. The system used PhcA concentration as a core to regulate the expression of pathogenic factors, and thus the growth status of bacteria.
8
2010, 25(3): 274-280.
Abstract：
Rice pollen development consists of microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis.Within rice anthers,microspore mother cells start on meiosis and then produce microspores,further the microspores develop into mature pollen grains.In the present study,some pollen development related genes have been found,including development of microspore mother cells,anther,pollen mother cell meiosis and male gametogenesis.This article summarizes the research advances on rice genes related to pollen development and their molecular mechanisms.
Rice pollen development consists of microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis.Within rice anthers,microspore mother cells start on meiosis and then produce microspores,further the microspores develop into mature pollen grains.In the present study,some pollen development related genes have been found,including development of microspore mother cells,anther,pollen mother cell meiosis and male gametogenesis.This article summarizes the research advances on rice genes related to pollen development and their molecular mechanisms.
9
2011, 26(6): 1113-1122.
Abstract：
Soil organic carbon is an important component of the global carbon cycle,and it has direct effects on the global carbon balance.Orchard is an important part of the land use pattern, the area of which accounted for 1.15% of the total land area in China.The research on soil organic carbon sequestration in orchards is an important scientific basis to accurately evaluate carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems.This paper reviews the research results on the soil labile and stabile organic carbon, with the focus on the dynamics of their fractions in separation, content and allocation proportion under different land use type.Effects of climatic factors, soil texture, fertilizer, farming, surface cover and human trampling on soil organic carbon pool are analyzed, respectively.Finally, this summary highlights existing problems of soil organic carbon stock on orchard ecosystem and suggests future directions for progress together with some future topics for research.
Soil organic carbon is an important component of the global carbon cycle,and it has direct effects on the global carbon balance.Orchard is an important part of the land use pattern, the area of which accounted for 1.15% of the total land area in China.The research on soil organic carbon sequestration in orchards is an important scientific basis to accurately evaluate carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems.This paper reviews the research results on the soil labile and stabile organic carbon, with the focus on the dynamics of their fractions in separation, content and allocation proportion under different land use type.Effects of climatic factors, soil texture, fertilizer, farming, surface cover and human trampling on soil organic carbon pool are analyzed, respectively.Finally, this summary highlights existing problems of soil organic carbon stock on orchard ecosystem and suggests future directions for progress together with some future topics for research.
10
2006, 21(4): 425-429.
Abstract：
The paper expounds source,category and harm of environmental pollution,and puts forward countermeasures to protect human health.The main function of greenplants in controlling air pollutants was analyzed.The paper also shows some air-cleaning plants for purifying and monitoring air pollution.
The paper expounds source,category and harm of environmental pollution,and puts forward countermeasures to protect human health.The main function of greenplants in controlling air pollutants was analyzed.The paper also shows some air-cleaning plants for purifying and monitoring air pollution.
11
2010, 25(2): 226-234.
Abstract：
In recent years,the biological characteristics,kinetic factors and community ecology of endophytes have become the popular topics for bio-research. With the extension of the field of study and development of new methodologies,endophytic research has reached the areas of biological prevention and medical applications. This article describes the discovery and definition of endophytes,and discusses the future development and existing problems of endophytic research from the viewpoints of biodiversity,dynamics,research methodology,as well as the agricultural and medical applications.
In recent years,the biological characteristics,kinetic factors and community ecology of endophytes have become the popular topics for bio-research. With the extension of the field of study and development of new methodologies,endophytic research has reached the areas of biological prevention and medical applications. This article describes the discovery and definition of endophytes,and discusses the future development and existing problems of endophytic research from the viewpoints of biodiversity,dynamics,research methodology,as well as the agricultural and medical applications.
12
2011, 26(5): 822-826.
Abstract：
The high resistant starch rice, Gongmi 3, a typical Japonica rice, Nipponbare, and Indica rice 9311 were selected to study the cooking and pH effect on their starches. The results showed that the resistant starch content decreased in the order of no cookingcooking and overnight-holdingcooking. A significant difference existed between no cooking and the other two. The pH effect on the resistant starch content was pH 5.2 pH 6.0 pH 6.9. A significant difference was shown between pH 5.2 and the others, but no difference was found between pH 6.0 and pH 6.9. Among the three rice varieties, the resistant starch content decreased in the order of Gongmi 39311Nipponbare. When the pH of the starch hydrolysis buffer was 6.0, cooking seemed to induce the minimal change in the resistant starch content of the rice. The results were also reproducible with minor differences between the replicates.
The high resistant starch rice, Gongmi 3, a typical Japonica rice, Nipponbare, and Indica rice 9311 were selected to study the cooking and pH effect on their starches. The results showed that the resistant starch content decreased in the order of no cookingcooking and overnight-holdingcooking. A significant difference existed between no cooking and the other two. The pH effect on the resistant starch content was pH 5.2 pH 6.0 pH 6.9. A significant difference was shown between pH 5.2 and the others, but no difference was found between pH 6.0 and pH 6.9. Among the three rice varieties, the resistant starch content decreased in the order of Gongmi 39311Nipponbare. When the pH of the starch hydrolysis buffer was 6.0, cooking seemed to induce the minimal change in the resistant starch content of the rice. The results were also reproducible with minor differences between the replicates.
13
Abstract：
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) FJ-11A strain was isolated from piglets suffering from a severe diarrhea in a pig farm of Fujian Province using Vero cell.The PEDV ORF3 gene was obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method according to the sequence download from the GenBank.The results showed that the ORF3 gene of the FJ-11A strain was 675 bp, encoding an open reading frame (ORF) with 224 amino acids.Compared with the ORF3 gene published previously in GenBank by DNAstar software, the ORF3 sequence of FJ-11A strain had the highest nucleotide homology at 99.3% with CPF1074 and PFF513, isolating in South Korea, and also had 97.8% homology with vaccine strain CV777. Based on genetic evolutionary, the PEDV strains which isolated in China were in the same phylogenetic relationship, whereas the candidate vaccine strains (attenuated DR13 and CV777) were in the other phylogenic lineage.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) FJ-11A strain was isolated from piglets suffering from a severe diarrhea in a pig farm of Fujian Province using Vero cell.The PEDV ORF3 gene was obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method according to the sequence download from the GenBank.The results showed that the ORF3 gene of the FJ-11A strain was 675 bp, encoding an open reading frame (ORF) with 224 amino acids.Compared with the ORF3 gene published previously in GenBank by DNAstar software, the ORF3 sequence of FJ-11A strain had the highest nucleotide homology at 99.3% with CPF1074 and PFF513, isolating in South Korea, and also had 97.8% homology with vaccine strain CV777. Based on genetic evolutionary, the PEDV strains which isolated in China were in the same phylogenetic relationship, whereas the candidate vaccine strains (attenuated DR13 and CV777) were in the other phylogenic lineage.
14
2011, 26(5): 818-821.
Abstract：
The saccharification of cassava starch was studied by using dextrose equivalent as index. The effect of single factor was analyzed in the best efficiency of saccharification. Results showed that the proper value of the factor were for temperature 60 to 65℃, reaction time 105 to 115 min, enzyme level 1.5 to 2.5 mL, pH 3.5 to 4.5 and rotation rate in 180 rpm, respectively. However, the optimum parameters for saccharification were determined by orthogonal experiments as pH at 4.0, with enzyme of 2 mLL-1 and in which treated for 105 min at 65℃. Saccharification efficiency (DE) could reach to 105%.
The saccharification of cassava starch was studied by using dextrose equivalent as index. The effect of single factor was analyzed in the best efficiency of saccharification. Results showed that the proper value of the factor were for temperature 60 to 65℃, reaction time 105 to 115 min, enzyme level 1.5 to 2.5 mL, pH 3.5 to 4.5 and rotation rate in 180 rpm, respectively. However, the optimum parameters for saccharification were determined by orthogonal experiments as pH at 4.0, with enzyme of 2 mLL-1 and in which treated for 105 min at 65℃. Saccharification efficiency (DE) could reach to 105%.
15
1998, 13(3): 44-49.
Abstract：
Pleurotus eryngii is a precious mushroom with tenderized stem and flavourous taste. However, there had been no report on its study and culture in. China. The morphological characteristics of Pleurotus eryngii and the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity,pH,light and air on the mycelial growth and the fruiting of Pleurotus eryngii were studied in the paper. The results indicated that temperature was a key factor to influence the yield stability of Pleurotus eryngii when the mushroom was cultured in the natural conditions of. China; the optimum temperature for the development of the mushroom was 10～18℃, when the temperature was below 10℃ or higher than 18℃, the mushroom yield would be significantly affected.
Pleurotus eryngii is a precious mushroom with tenderized stem and flavourous taste. However, there had been no report on its study and culture in. China. The morphological characteristics of Pleurotus eryngii and the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity,pH,light and air on the mycelial growth and the fruiting of Pleurotus eryngii were studied in the paper. The results indicated that temperature was a key factor to influence the yield stability of Pleurotus eryngii when the mushroom was cultured in the natural conditions of. China; the optimum temperature for the development of the mushroom was 10～18℃, when the temperature was below 10℃ or higher than 18℃, the mushroom yield would be significantly affected.
16
2011, 26(3): 490-497.
Abstract：
This paper reviews the effects of N,P,K and micronutrients on peanut's physiological characteristics,yield and quality.It also disscusses the relationship between biotechnology and fertilization,as well as current issues and directions for future studies in the areas of fertilizing technique,fertilizers,breeding and cropping systems.In the area of fertilizing,scientific applications should be emphysized for future studies.New and existing fertilizers applied should be scrutinized with careful evaluation.In the breeding of peanuts,diversification of selection and search for new varieties should be focussed.On the development of cropping systems,the environmental and ecological conditions and requirements of a specific locality should be considered with high priority.
This paper reviews the effects of N,P,K and micronutrients on peanut's physiological characteristics,yield and quality.It also disscusses the relationship between biotechnology and fertilization,as well as current issues and directions for future studies in the areas of fertilizing technique,fertilizers,breeding and cropping systems.In the area of fertilizing,scientific applications should be emphysized for future studies.New and existing fertilizers applied should be scrutinized with careful evaluation.In the breeding of peanuts,diversification of selection and search for new varieties should be focussed.On the development of cropping systems,the environmental and ecological conditions and requirements of a specific locality should be considered with high priority.
17
2011, 26(6): 1123-1128.
Abstract：
Based on the excellent property in safety, nontoxicity and physicochemical unique, gellan gum has been widely used in industrial production with strong potential in market competition.This paper gives a review about the structure、physical and chemical characteristics, biosynthesis pathway of the gellan gum, its fermentation and application in food industry.In addition, a brief introduction in regarding to the development of gellan gum industry in china was also mentioned.
Based on the excellent property in safety, nontoxicity and physicochemical unique, gellan gum has been widely used in industrial production with strong potential in market competition.This paper gives a review about the structure、physical and chemical characteristics, biosynthesis pathway of the gellan gum, its fermentation and application in food industry.In addition, a brief introduction in regarding to the development of gellan gum industry in china was also mentioned.
18
Abstract：
A pair of primers based on NS5 gene sequences of different strains of genus Flavivirus was designed for amplification of 470 bp fragments.No positive target fragment was available from H9 subtype influenza virus,Muscovy duck reovirus,duck plague,duck hepatitis virus(DHV-Ⅰ) or duck-origin avian paramyxovirus typeⅠ.The detection limit reached 20 pg under the optimized conditions.The results showed that the RT-PCR was sensitive,specific and applicable for rapid laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic surveillance.
A pair of primers based on NS5 gene sequences of different strains of genus Flavivirus was designed for amplification of 470 bp fragments.No positive target fragment was available from H9 subtype influenza virus,Muscovy duck reovirus,duck plague,duck hepatitis virus(DHV-Ⅰ) or duck-origin avian paramyxovirus typeⅠ.The detection limit reached 20 pg under the optimized conditions.The results showed that the RT-PCR was sensitive,specific and applicable for rapid laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic surveillance.
19
2011, 26(2): 309-320.
Abstract：
Proteins encoded by MADS-box play an important role in regulating flower development.Since the monocot rice and the eudicot Arabidopsis are distantly related plant species,to compare the floral organ identity factors and their functions between the two species would help further understand the flower development of rice.
Proteins encoded by MADS-box play an important role in regulating flower development.Since the monocot rice and the eudicot Arabidopsis are distantly related plant species,to compare the floral organ identity factors and their functions between the two species would help further understand the flower development of rice.
20
2007, 22(1): 15-18.
Abstract：
The application time,stage,insecticide and method are important factors in chemical control of Phyllotreta striolata(F).The lab and field toxicity tests showed that 48% EC of chlorpyrifos,40% EC of phoxim,80% EC of dichlorvos,20% EC of carbosulfan,24% SP of methomyl or 18% SL of bisultap could effectively control the pest in 48 hours.
The application time,stage,insecticide and method are important factors in chemical control of Phyllotreta striolata(F).The lab and field toxicity tests showed that 48% EC of chlorpyrifos,40% EC of phoxim,80% EC of dichlorvos,20% EC of carbosulfan,24% SP of methomyl or 18% SL of bisultap could effectively control the pest in 48 hours.
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