2012 Vol. 27, No. 2
Display Method:
2012, 27(2): 113-118.
Abstract:
Edwardsiella tarda strain ETY was isolated from Japanese eel. With two pairs of specific primers, the flagella gene(ETF) was amplified from the strain ETY via nest-PCR. After sequencing analysis, the nucleotide data had been further analyzed by DNAman and ClutalW software. The analysis results showed that ETF had a longest open reading frame (ORF) of 1 257 bp, which was predicted to encode a 419-aa protein with the molecular weight of 43.951 kD. Considering ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) analysis and Western-blotting analysis, it was proved that the expressed gene products shared similar antigenicity and immunocompetence with the natural flagella. The protective rate in the Japanese eel immunized with the ETF-TrxA fusion protein and ISA adjuvant is 100%. It is the first time that the ETF gene was efficient expressed in E.coli., and it also primarily studied the ETF function of Edwardsiella tarda in invasion and inducing immunoreaction. The results enable the development and formulation of an appropriate and effective subunit vaccine(s) against Japanese eel edwardsiellosis.
Edwardsiella tarda strain ETY was isolated from Japanese eel. With two pairs of specific primers, the flagella gene(ETF) was amplified from the strain ETY via nest-PCR. After sequencing analysis, the nucleotide data had been further analyzed by DNAman and ClutalW software. The analysis results showed that ETF had a longest open reading frame (ORF) of 1 257 bp, which was predicted to encode a 419-aa protein with the molecular weight of 43.951 kD. Considering ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) analysis and Western-blotting analysis, it was proved that the expressed gene products shared similar antigenicity and immunocompetence with the natural flagella. The protective rate in the Japanese eel immunized with the ETF-TrxA fusion protein and ISA adjuvant is 100%. It is the first time that the ETF gene was efficient expressed in E.coli., and it also primarily studied the ETF function of Edwardsiella tarda in invasion and inducing immunoreaction. The results enable the development and formulation of an appropriate and effective subunit vaccine(s) against Japanese eel edwardsiellosis.
2012, 27(2): 119-123.
Abstract:
H3N2 swine influenza virus inactivated vaccines were prepared with IMS1315 adjuvant and oil emulsion adjuvant. Sows and piglets, which were antibody negative of H3N2 swine influenza virus, were selected and vaccinated two times at intervals of 21days with both inactivated vaccines. Antibodies were determined 12 times at the immune period of 171days with HI. The results showed that both in sows and piglets, the HI positive antibodies were detected at the 7th day after vaccination with IMS1315 adjuvant vaccine and were detected at the 14th day after vaccination with oil emulsion vaccine. The antibody peak levels were detected at the 28th day after second vaccination of both inactivated vaccines. They were 11.0 Log2, 10.2 Log2 in sows and 10.2 Log2, 10.0 Log2 in piglets, respectively. The antibody levels could be maintained in 6.5Log2 and 6.0Log2 at the 150th day after the second vaccination, respectively. It indicated that the effect of IMS1315 adjuvant inactivated vaccine was better than that of oil emulsion inactivated vaccine.
H3N2 swine influenza virus inactivated vaccines were prepared with IMS1315 adjuvant and oil emulsion adjuvant. Sows and piglets, which were antibody negative of H3N2 swine influenza virus, were selected and vaccinated two times at intervals of 21days with both inactivated vaccines. Antibodies were determined 12 times at the immune period of 171days with HI. The results showed that both in sows and piglets, the HI positive antibodies were detected at the 7th day after vaccination with IMS1315 adjuvant vaccine and were detected at the 14th day after vaccination with oil emulsion vaccine. The antibody peak levels were detected at the 28th day after second vaccination of both inactivated vaccines. They were 11.0 Log2, 10.2 Log2 in sows and 10.2 Log2, 10.0 Log2 in piglets, respectively. The antibody levels could be maintained in 6.5Log2 and 6.0Log2 at the 150th day after the second vaccination, respectively. It indicated that the effect of IMS1315 adjuvant inactivated vaccine was better than that of oil emulsion inactivated vaccine.
2012, 27(2): 124-129.
Abstract:
Flavivirus universal primer pairs and nested PCR were developed as an efficient method to detect flavivirus, especially new type flavivirus. Four primers Flav P1-Flav P4 located in conserved region of the NS5 gene were designed after alignment of the flavivirus genome and then nested PCR assay was developed for duck flavivirus. Nested PCR was 1 000 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR and it was only able to amplify the flavivirus with the sensibility of 90 copiesL-1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that duck flavivirus belongs to mosquito-born flavivirus, NTAV group, similar with Tembusu and BYD virus. The clinical samples detection showed that the universal primers and nested PCR were highly specific and sensitive. In addition, the station of evolution of duck flavivirus was clarified.
Flavivirus universal primer pairs and nested PCR were developed as an efficient method to detect flavivirus, especially new type flavivirus. Four primers Flav P1-Flav P4 located in conserved region of the NS5 gene were designed after alignment of the flavivirus genome and then nested PCR assay was developed for duck flavivirus. Nested PCR was 1 000 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR and it was only able to amplify the flavivirus with the sensibility of 90 copiesL-1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that duck flavivirus belongs to mosquito-born flavivirus, NTAV group, similar with Tembusu and BYD virus. The clinical samples detection showed that the universal primers and nested PCR were highly specific and sensitive. In addition, the station of evolution of duck flavivirus was clarified.
2012, 27(2): 130-134.
Abstract:
A study was conducted to optimize the cultivation of the high-yield, early-mature hybrid rice, Jinyou 2155, based on three factors: planting density(X1),quantity of nitrogen(X2)and leaf age at transplantation(X3). The regression models for the three factors affecting the rice yield were established. The experimental results reveal that X2 and X3 exerted significant influences on the yield, and that there was a significant positive correlation between X1 and X3, as well as a significant negative correlation between X2 and X3. The overall effect on yield was found to be in the order of X3X2 X1. After a simulated screening and optimization by computer,4.3-5.2 leaves for transplanting at the density of 196 100-261 300 hills perhm2 with a nitrogen application of 140.1-182.6 kghm-2 was recommended for the cultivation. The experimental results of the combined application of N, P, K and organic fertilizers indicated that increased N, P and K could raise the yield to some extend, while the increased organic fertilization promoted the growth by increasing effective panicles on the plant. On the other hand, the chemical nitrogen fertilization ought to be limited to avoid a negative effect on yield.
A study was conducted to optimize the cultivation of the high-yield, early-mature hybrid rice, Jinyou 2155, based on three factors: planting density(X1),quantity of nitrogen(X2)and leaf age at transplantation(X3). The regression models for the three factors affecting the rice yield were established. The experimental results reveal that X2 and X3 exerted significant influences on the yield, and that there was a significant positive correlation between X1 and X3, as well as a significant negative correlation between X2 and X3. The overall effect on yield was found to be in the order of X3X2 X1. After a simulated screening and optimization by computer,4.3-5.2 leaves for transplanting at the density of 196 100-261 300 hills perhm2 with a nitrogen application of 140.1-182.6 kghm-2 was recommended for the cultivation. The experimental results of the combined application of N, P, K and organic fertilizers indicated that increased N, P and K could raise the yield to some extend, while the increased organic fertilization promoted the growth by increasing effective panicles on the plant. On the other hand, the chemical nitrogen fertilization ought to be limited to avoid a negative effect on yield.
2012, 27(2): 135-140.
Abstract:
With its desirable properties of high yield,wide adaptability, high dry matter and starch contents, as well as good cooking and eating quality,Guangshu 87 was certified and released for commercial production in Fujian in 2009. It has been since then widely used in commercial production. Based on the yield factors (i.e., planting density and fertilization rate), cultivation of Guangshu 87 was studied and optimized by using the rotational regression analysis. The results showed that the cultivation measures affecting the yield included and ranked in the order of planting density (X1) k fertilization (X4) N fertilization(X2) P fertilization(X3). Optimization by computer showed that the model that gave the highest yield of 47 864.03 kg.hm-2 could be achieved by planting at a density ranging from 55 100-57 300 plantshm-2 and applying urea at 264.34-283.58 kghm-2, calcium superphosphate at 423.45-476.55 kghm-2 and potassium sulfate at 414.15-458.25 kghm-2.
With its desirable properties of high yield,wide adaptability, high dry matter and starch contents, as well as good cooking and eating quality,Guangshu 87 was certified and released for commercial production in Fujian in 2009. It has been since then widely used in commercial production. Based on the yield factors (i.e., planting density and fertilization rate), cultivation of Guangshu 87 was studied and optimized by using the rotational regression analysis. The results showed that the cultivation measures affecting the yield included and ranked in the order of planting density (X1) k fertilization (X4) N fertilization(X2) P fertilization(X3). Optimization by computer showed that the model that gave the highest yield of 47 864.03 kg.hm-2 could be achieved by planting at a density ranging from 55 100-57 300 plantshm-2 and applying urea at 264.34-283.58 kghm-2, calcium superphosphate at 423.45-476.55 kghm-2 and potassium sulfate at 414.15-458.25 kghm-2.
2012, 27(2): 141-143.
Abstract:
The accumulated results of the field fertilization experiments on Liriope muscari ( Decne) Bailcy in Quanzhou, Fujian, over the years were classified and analyzed. A mathematic model was constructed. The optimized fertilizer applications were: 330 kghm-2 of N,54 kghm-2 of P2O5 and 270 kghm-2 of K2O.
The accumulated results of the field fertilization experiments on Liriope muscari ( Decne) Bailcy in Quanzhou, Fujian, over the years were classified and analyzed. A mathematic model was constructed. The optimized fertilizer applications were: 330 kghm-2 of N,54 kghm-2 of P2O5 and 270 kghm-2 of K2O.
2012, 27(2): 144-148.
Abstract:
Using yam bulbils for tuber propagation not only benefits the rejuvenation of Dioscorea opposita but also reduces the planting cost. Thus, conditions of the micro-tuber induction for the yams were studied. The shoot tips were cultured in MS medium with additions of varying concentrations of NAA/6-BA. Different treatments using NAA/KT, active carbon and sucrose were applied for the experimentation. The results indicated the optimal medium composition for the shoot tip induction to be: MS + 0.1 mgL-1 NAA+ 2.0 mgL-1 6-BA+ 0.2 gL-1 AC+ 30.0 gL-1 sucrose+ 8.0 gL-1 agar.The resultant plant regeneration rate was 91.7%. The optimal medium formula for the micro-tuber induction was: MS +0.1 mgL-1 NAA+ 1.0 mgL-1 KT+ 2.0 gL-1 AC+ 50.0 gL-1 sucrose+ 8.0 gL-1agar.The regenerated plants from the micro-tubers not only maintained the characteristics of the parent species but also improved its commercial appealing.
Using yam bulbils for tuber propagation not only benefits the rejuvenation of Dioscorea opposita but also reduces the planting cost. Thus, conditions of the micro-tuber induction for the yams were studied. The shoot tips were cultured in MS medium with additions of varying concentrations of NAA/6-BA. Different treatments using NAA/KT, active carbon and sucrose were applied for the experimentation. The results indicated the optimal medium composition for the shoot tip induction to be: MS + 0.1 mgL-1 NAA+ 2.0 mgL-1 6-BA+ 0.2 gL-1 AC+ 30.0 gL-1 sucrose+ 8.0 gL-1 agar.The resultant plant regeneration rate was 91.7%. The optimal medium formula for the micro-tuber induction was: MS +0.1 mgL-1 NAA+ 1.0 mgL-1 KT+ 2.0 gL-1 AC+ 50.0 gL-1 sucrose+ 8.0 gL-1agar.The regenerated plants from the micro-tubers not only maintained the characteristics of the parent species but also improved its commercial appealing.
2012, 27(2): 149-152.
Abstract:
Sixteen different strains of Agaricus blazei Murill were analyzed using ISSR, RAPD and SRAP. PCR amplification using 8 RAPD primers, 4 ISSR primers and 2 SRAP primer pairs separated the strains into three groups. One of them consisted of A0011+1 and A0013, another A0009, and the third group the remainders. The result showed that SRAP provided rich genetic information, and the RAPD primers had the largest number of polymorphic bands among all markers.
Sixteen different strains of Agaricus blazei Murill were analyzed using ISSR, RAPD and SRAP. PCR amplification using 8 RAPD primers, 4 ISSR primers and 2 SRAP primer pairs separated the strains into three groups. One of them consisted of A0011+1 and A0013, another A0009, and the third group the remainders. The result showed that SRAP provided rich genetic information, and the RAPD primers had the largest number of polymorphic bands among all markers.
2012, 27(2): 153-156.
Abstract:
Xincui, a new variety of balsam pears, was developed by using the female parent, 10A-1.2, and the male parent, 9208A. It had the following characteristics: vigorous plant growth, occurrence of first female flower at 9th-13th joint, fruit length of 28-34 cm, fruit diameter of 6.0-7.0 cm, average single fruit weight of 350-450 g, appealing shape,Absinthe green skin with round tumour, fruiting on either main or side branch, high yield, and resistance to low temperatures and draught. The fruit yield of Xincui ranged from 37 500 to 52 500 kghm-2. It was certified as a new variety by Fujian Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee.
Xincui, a new variety of balsam pears, was developed by using the female parent, 10A-1.2, and the male parent, 9208A. It had the following characteristics: vigorous plant growth, occurrence of first female flower at 9th-13th joint, fruit length of 28-34 cm, fruit diameter of 6.0-7.0 cm, average single fruit weight of 350-450 g, appealing shape,Absinthe green skin with round tumour, fruiting on either main or side branch, high yield, and resistance to low temperatures and draught. The fruit yield of Xincui ranged from 37 500 to 52 500 kghm-2. It was certified as a new variety by Fujian Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee.
2012, 27(2): 157-161.
Abstract:
The life table and the developmental duration of Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) californicus (Mcgregor) with the prey Tetranychus urticae Koch at constant different temperatures was studied in laboratory. The results indicated that the different immature stages N. californicus could complete their development. The developmental duration, the oviposition duration and the mean lifetime all decreased with the increased temperature, and the shortest developmental duration (5.70 days) was observed at 35℃. The highest mean number of eggs (64.89 eggsfemale-1), with the highest R0 (48.252 5), was observed at 25℃. The lowest (1.063 6) and rm (0.061 7) were observed at 15℃, and the highest (1.354 4) and rm (0.303 4) were obtained at 35℃.
The life table and the developmental duration of Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) californicus (Mcgregor) with the prey Tetranychus urticae Koch at constant different temperatures was studied in laboratory. The results indicated that the different immature stages N. californicus could complete their development. The developmental duration, the oviposition duration and the mean lifetime all decreased with the increased temperature, and the shortest developmental duration (5.70 days) was observed at 35℃. The highest mean number of eggs (64.89 eggsfemale-1), with the highest R0 (48.252 5), was observed at 25℃. The lowest (1.063 6) and rm (0.061 7) were observed at 15℃, and the highest (1.354 4) and rm (0.303 4) were obtained at 35℃.
2012, 27(2): 162-166.
Abstract:
Effects of varying Pyrene levels in soil on the antioxidative activities and cytoplasm membrane permeability (CMP) in the rhizotaxy of rye grass were studied. The results showed that the effect of the Pyrene stress appeared mostly 20d after treatment. The contents of CMP, MDA and SS in the roots increased significantly under 100-400 mgkg-1 Pyrene addition in the soil. The membrane lipids of the rye grass roots showed serious peroxidation. On the other hand, the catalase(CAT) activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH content added dramatically to protect the root cells from injuries. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) reduced under the Pyrene stress, with the POD activity decreased significantly.
Effects of varying Pyrene levels in soil on the antioxidative activities and cytoplasm membrane permeability (CMP) in the rhizotaxy of rye grass were studied. The results showed that the effect of the Pyrene stress appeared mostly 20d after treatment. The contents of CMP, MDA and SS in the roots increased significantly under 100-400 mgkg-1 Pyrene addition in the soil. The membrane lipids of the rye grass roots showed serious peroxidation. On the other hand, the catalase(CAT) activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH content added dramatically to protect the root cells from injuries. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) reduced under the Pyrene stress, with the POD activity decreased significantly.
2012, 27(2): 167-172.
Abstract:
Ameliorating effect of biochar in varying concentrations (i.e., 0, 8, 16, 32 and 64 t hm-2) on acidity of tea garden soils were studied in field trials. The results showed that, as compared with CK (no added biochar), the soil pH increased by 0.19-1.72, the soil exchangeable acid decreased by 0.79-3.96 cmolkg-1, the soil base saturation increased by 20.98-173.67%, and the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 0.80-2.46 cmolkg-1 on the 0-20 cm layer of the soils. On the other hand, in the 20-40 cm layer of the soils, the pH of the treatment samples increased by 0.05-0.61, the soil exchangeable acid decreased by 0.20-2.14 cmolkg-1,the soil base saturation increased by 27.72-56.51%, and the soil CEC increased by 0.57-1.12 cmolkg-1. It appeared that the soil ameliorating effect increased with increasing biochar addition. The increase was particularly significant in the 0-20 cm than the 20-40 cm layer of the soils. The yield of the fresh tea leaves was changed 6.61%, 5.62%, -0.11% and -0.77% by the addition of biochar at the rates of 8, 16, 32 and 64 thm-2, respectively. However, no significant differences (P0.05) on tea yields between the treatments and control was found.
Ameliorating effect of biochar in varying concentrations (i.e., 0, 8, 16, 32 and 64 t hm-2) on acidity of tea garden soils were studied in field trials. The results showed that, as compared with CK (no added biochar), the soil pH increased by 0.19-1.72, the soil exchangeable acid decreased by 0.79-3.96 cmolkg-1, the soil base saturation increased by 20.98-173.67%, and the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 0.80-2.46 cmolkg-1 on the 0-20 cm layer of the soils. On the other hand, in the 20-40 cm layer of the soils, the pH of the treatment samples increased by 0.05-0.61, the soil exchangeable acid decreased by 0.20-2.14 cmolkg-1,the soil base saturation increased by 27.72-56.51%, and the soil CEC increased by 0.57-1.12 cmolkg-1. It appeared that the soil ameliorating effect increased with increasing biochar addition. The increase was particularly significant in the 0-20 cm than the 20-40 cm layer of the soils. The yield of the fresh tea leaves was changed 6.61%, 5.62%, -0.11% and -0.77% by the addition of biochar at the rates of 8, 16, 32 and 64 thm-2, respectively. However, no significant differences (P0.05) on tea yields between the treatments and control was found.
2012, 27(2): 173-180.
Abstract:
16 strains of Bacillus species isolated from soil were studied based on ITS sequences and fatty acids analysis. The accuracy rate of FA identification was 99%. Through biological software of SPSS and Mega cluster analysis, fatty acids were found to be better for Bacillus identification than ITS sequences. In this paper, we could make all the strains cluster together by FA, but ITS not. The major fatty acid of genus Bacillus was 15:0 ANTEISO and 15:0 ISO. The major FA ratio of three group were analyzed. Bacillus cereus group was special, its major FA was 15:0ISO,and 13:0ISO,but 15:0 ANTEISO had very lower profile. The ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus cereus group was 5.6-7.9. The ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus simplex group was 1/6. The ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus megaterium was 4/5-5/4,strain FJAT-4500 was Bacillus pumilus,the ratio of15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO was 2. Bacillus pumilus was owed to Bacillus megaterium for similar ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO, but the couple had different fatty acid profiles. The profile of 15:0ISO was lower than 15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus subtilis group, and ratio was 1/3-2/3.
16 strains of Bacillus species isolated from soil were studied based on ITS sequences and fatty acids analysis. The accuracy rate of FA identification was 99%. Through biological software of SPSS and Mega cluster analysis, fatty acids were found to be better for Bacillus identification than ITS sequences. In this paper, we could make all the strains cluster together by FA, but ITS not. The major fatty acid of genus Bacillus was 15:0 ANTEISO and 15:0 ISO. The major FA ratio of three group were analyzed. Bacillus cereus group was special, its major FA was 15:0ISO,and 13:0ISO,but 15:0 ANTEISO had very lower profile. The ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus cereus group was 5.6-7.9. The ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus simplex group was 1/6. The ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus megaterium was 4/5-5/4,strain FJAT-4500 was Bacillus pumilus,the ratio of15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO was 2. Bacillus pumilus was owed to Bacillus megaterium for similar ratio of 15:0ISO/15:0 ANTEISO, but the couple had different fatty acid profiles. The profile of 15:0ISO was lower than 15:0 ANTEISO in Bacillus subtilis group, and ratio was 1/3-2/3.
2012, 27(2): 181-186.
Abstract:
Due to different nutritive requirements between the vegetables and early-mature rice, this experimentation studied the effect of a rotational planting of the crops with economic fertilization for the vegetables on soil pollution due to leached N and P. The planting experiment in the field with rotation of kidney beans, cucumber and early-mature rice showed a net income of 145 771 yuanhm-2 in a single cycle, an increase by 29.5% over control, or 9.3% as compared to the conventional practice. At the time when the rice was harvested, the total N and P concentrations in the water in the treatment soil pillar decreased by 14.9% and 7.4%, respectively, as compared to those in the basic soil. The rotational planting of vegetables and rice reduced the N and P requirements of the early-mature rice, besides being environmentally friendly. The N and P recovery rates reached 59.2% and 34.7%, respectively, with the rotational planting. They increased by 6.9% and 6.4%, respectively, over control, or by 20.0% and 23.3%, respectively, over the conventional practice. The new practice improved the N and P utilization by a wide margin resulting in a maximized economic benefit. At the same time, it also decreased the amount of N and P leached into the garden soil minimizing the environmental pollution.
Due to different nutritive requirements between the vegetables and early-mature rice, this experimentation studied the effect of a rotational planting of the crops with economic fertilization for the vegetables on soil pollution due to leached N and P. The planting experiment in the field with rotation of kidney beans, cucumber and early-mature rice showed a net income of 145 771 yuanhm-2 in a single cycle, an increase by 29.5% over control, or 9.3% as compared to the conventional practice. At the time when the rice was harvested, the total N and P concentrations in the water in the treatment soil pillar decreased by 14.9% and 7.4%, respectively, as compared to those in the basic soil. The rotational planting of vegetables and rice reduced the N and P requirements of the early-mature rice, besides being environmentally friendly. The N and P recovery rates reached 59.2% and 34.7%, respectively, with the rotational planting. They increased by 6.9% and 6.4%, respectively, over control, or by 20.0% and 23.3%, respectively, over the conventional practice. The new practice improved the N and P utilization by a wide margin resulting in a maximized economic benefit. At the same time, it also decreased the amount of N and P leached into the garden soil minimizing the environmental pollution.
2012, 27(2): 187-195.
Abstract:
The present study dealt with the collection, identification and phylogenetic diversity of Bacillus species in soil samples from Xinjiang. Fourteen soil samples were used for the microbial identification based on their fatty acid compositions and 16S rDNA sequences. As a result, 53 strains were isolated and identified as 13 species including B. megaterium,B. cereus,B. subtilis,B. alcalophilus,B. viscosus,B. licheniformis,B. atrophaeus, etc. The phylogenetic tree analysis clustered their 16S rDNA sequences for genetic relationship among them. Based on the diversity indices, the Bacillus counts in soils from different locations were found to vary significantly. For instance, the number in Alaer was greater than those in Xinjiang Kashen, Akesu and Takelamagan, in that order. Even the same species in the soil from a same locality could differ significantly. For example, Bacillus cereus was 5.230105 cfug-1 in Akesu, but only 0.7103 cfug-1 in Takelamagan. Bacillus existed abundantly in Xinjiang, and the varieties and quantities in the soils also varied greatly.
The present study dealt with the collection, identification and phylogenetic diversity of Bacillus species in soil samples from Xinjiang. Fourteen soil samples were used for the microbial identification based on their fatty acid compositions and 16S rDNA sequences. As a result, 53 strains were isolated and identified as 13 species including B. megaterium,B. cereus,B. subtilis,B. alcalophilus,B. viscosus,B. licheniformis,B. atrophaeus, etc. The phylogenetic tree analysis clustered their 16S rDNA sequences for genetic relationship among them. Based on the diversity indices, the Bacillus counts in soils from different locations were found to vary significantly. For instance, the number in Alaer was greater than those in Xinjiang Kashen, Akesu and Takelamagan, in that order. Even the same species in the soil from a same locality could differ significantly. For example, Bacillus cereus was 5.230105 cfug-1 in Akesu, but only 0.7103 cfug-1 in Takelamagan. Bacillus existed abundantly in Xinjiang, and the varieties and quantities in the soils also varied greatly.
2012, 27(2): 196-199.
Abstract:
To understand the soil quality change in orchard system, field experiments were conducted to study the effect of biochar application on soil properties and labile organic carbon. The results showed that biochar application to the orchard soil not only increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, but also enhanced field moisture holding capacity, pH value, total N level of the soil,while decreasing soil bulk density. As compared to the control, the moisture content, pH value, total N and MBC concentration of the biochar treated soil increased by 3.26%-25.61%, 0.03-0.30 unit, 61.22%-87.76% and 84.34%-107.55%, respectively. And soil bulk density decreased by 13.13%-19.38%.
To understand the soil quality change in orchard system, field experiments were conducted to study the effect of biochar application on soil properties and labile organic carbon. The results showed that biochar application to the orchard soil not only increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, but also enhanced field moisture holding capacity, pH value, total N level of the soil,while decreasing soil bulk density. As compared to the control, the moisture content, pH value, total N and MBC concentration of the biochar treated soil increased by 3.26%-25.61%, 0.03-0.30 unit, 61.22%-87.76% and 84.34%-107.55%, respectively. And soil bulk density decreased by 13.13%-19.38%.
2012, 27(2): 200-204.
Abstract:
By analyzing the background and advantages for the TCM industry development in Fuzhou, this paper highlights a certain foreseeable bottlenecks, presents some market-oriented ideas and the 5-factor developmental principle, and proposes a plan of establishing 8 bases in the city, a marketing system combining production, distribution and wholesale operations, an industry with demonstration, vertically integration and new technology development capabilities, a support system encompassing RD and training, as well as, the financial and investment policies and mechanisms for the years to come.
By analyzing the background and advantages for the TCM industry development in Fuzhou, this paper highlights a certain foreseeable bottlenecks, presents some market-oriented ideas and the 5-factor developmental principle, and proposes a plan of establishing 8 bases in the city, a marketing system combining production, distribution and wholesale operations, an industry with demonstration, vertically integration and new technology development capabilities, a support system encompassing RD and training, as well as, the financial and investment policies and mechanisms for the years to come.
2012, 27(2): 205-210.
Abstract:
Fujian is on the west side of the Economic Zone in Taiwan Strait. Its social and ecological development directly affects the sustainability of the future development of the entire region. This paper reviews the current developmental status, analyzes the obstacles to overcome, and proposes recommendations for solution.
Fujian is on the west side of the Economic Zone in Taiwan Strait. Its social and ecological development directly affects the sustainability of the future development of the entire region. This paper reviews the current developmental status, analyzes the obstacles to overcome, and proposes recommendations for solution.
2012, 27(2): 211-215.
Abstract:
Flavonoids are one kind of the most important substance in citrus fruits. Extraction methods for flavonoids (solvent method, microwave method, enzyme decomposition method, supercritical fluid extraction method and ultrasonic extraction method) were summarized, as well as isolation-purification method for flavonoids (column chromatography method, thin layer chromatography method, macroporous resin adsorption method and high speed counter current chromatography method,) All these provided reference for the study of flavonoids from Citrus. These data may supply useful information to extraction and purification of flavonoids from the citrus fruits.
Flavonoids are one kind of the most important substance in citrus fruits. Extraction methods for flavonoids (solvent method, microwave method, enzyme decomposition method, supercritical fluid extraction method and ultrasonic extraction method) were summarized, as well as isolation-purification method for flavonoids (column chromatography method, thin layer chromatography method, macroporous resin adsorption method and high speed counter current chromatography method,) All these provided reference for the study of flavonoids from Citrus. These data may supply useful information to extraction and purification of flavonoids from the citrus fruits.
