2005 Vol. 20, No. 1
Display Method:
2005, 20(1): 1-5.
Abstract:
Based on results of Fujian provincal rice cultivar trials of late maturing early indica rice group in 2002 and late indica rice A group in 2003,14 rice locations were comprehensively evaluated using productive level,precision, distinguishing ability representation and validity. The results showed that productive levels in 14 locations were diverse, they represented different field productive levels in Fujian; trial precisions in 14 locations were high,the trial were all valid, so trial technique levels in 14 locations were high and it was propitious to assure scientific and verracious in examining and approving rice varity; Tong’an, Xinluo, Mingxi and Longhai seed breeding farm had high distinguishing ability;Shaowu and Minxi seed breeding farm, Nanping agricultural scientific graduate-school, Fujian rice and wheat graduate-school,Licheng and Shaxian seed breeding farm had high representation, and they were fit to distinguish varity which had large range adaptability, so they were fitting the double rice locations and breeding spot in Fujian. AMMI-Dj and GCV were used to estimate location distinguishing ability, and two methods were compared in the study.
Based on results of Fujian provincal rice cultivar trials of late maturing early indica rice group in 2002 and late indica rice A group in 2003,14 rice locations were comprehensively evaluated using productive level,precision, distinguishing ability representation and validity. The results showed that productive levels in 14 locations were diverse, they represented different field productive levels in Fujian; trial precisions in 14 locations were high,the trial were all valid, so trial technique levels in 14 locations were high and it was propitious to assure scientific and verracious in examining and approving rice varity; Tong’an, Xinluo, Mingxi and Longhai seed breeding farm had high distinguishing ability;Shaowu and Minxi seed breeding farm, Nanping agricultural scientific graduate-school, Fujian rice and wheat graduate-school,Licheng and Shaxian seed breeding farm had high representation, and they were fit to distinguish varity which had large range adaptability, so they were fitting the double rice locations and breeding spot in Fujian. AMMI-Dj and GCV were used to estimate location distinguishing ability, and two methods were compared in the study.
2005, 20(1): 6-11.
Abstract:
The results of regional trials by several years showed that Jiafuzhan had high quality, high yield, moderately resistant to rice blast, high cold tolerance at seedling stage and moderate heat tolerance at heading stage. The analysis of correlation and path showed that in four yield components of Jiafuzhan, the effective panicle per area was the key factor to effect the yield. Cultivation strategy for high yield should be taken to accelerate tiller to ensure enough effective panicle per area. And the results of orthogonal test for high yield showed that seedling density with 167-20.0 cm?20.0 cm, N 210 kg·hm-2, fertilizer application with N, P, K and organic manure could gain high yield.
The results of regional trials by several years showed that Jiafuzhan had high quality, high yield, moderately resistant to rice blast, high cold tolerance at seedling stage and moderate heat tolerance at heading stage. The analysis of correlation and path showed that in four yield components of Jiafuzhan, the effective panicle per area was the key factor to effect the yield. Cultivation strategy for high yield should be taken to accelerate tiller to ensure enough effective panicle per area. And the results of orthogonal test for high yield showed that seedling density with 167-20.0 cm?20.0 cm, N 210 kg·hm-2, fertilizer application with N, P, K and organic manure could gain high yield.
2005, 20(1): 12-15.
Abstract:
Mintang 93~246 selected from the cross combination(Cp49~50譟acheng84-153)was a new sugarcane variety with early to middle maturity, high yield, high sucrose content, high adverse resistance and wide adaptability. The results from different test sites for several years showed that its mean cane yield was 106037t·hm-2, sucrose content of cane(absolute value)was 1452% during the period of Nov. to Jan., sugar yield was 15316 t·hm-2 and was 5.76%, 0.47% and 9.23% higher respectively than that of the currently leading variety Mintang 70~611 in Fujian Province.
Mintang 93~246 selected from the cross combination(Cp49~50譟acheng84-153)was a new sugarcane variety with early to middle maturity, high yield, high sucrose content, high adverse resistance and wide adaptability. The results from different test sites for several years showed that its mean cane yield was 106037t·hm-2, sucrose content of cane(absolute value)was 1452% during the period of Nov. to Jan., sugar yield was 15316 t·hm-2 and was 5.76%, 0.47% and 9.23% higher respectively than that of the currently leading variety Mintang 70~611 in Fujian Province.
2005, 20(1): 16-18.
Abstract:
Quanshull was developed from the hybrization of Jinshan 1255/Quanshu218 by Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in 1996. The variety performed high yield, stability, middle dry-matter content, resistance to stem rot and good storability. The study showed that high leaf area, high net assimilation rate were the most obvious characters, high biomass and high economic coefficient(0.85)indicated its potentiality of high yield. The results also showed that there might be a "Middle" type, beside "High Leaf Area" and "High Net Assimilation Rate" types in sweet potato.
Quanshull was developed from the hybrization of Jinshan 1255/Quanshu218 by Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in 1996. The variety performed high yield, stability, middle dry-matter content, resistance to stem rot and good storability. The study showed that high leaf area, high net assimilation rate were the most obvious characters, high biomass and high economic coefficient(0.85)indicated its potentiality of high yield. The results also showed that there might be a "Middle" type, beside "High Leaf Area" and "High Net Assimilation Rate" types in sweet potato.
2005, 20(1): 19-22.
Abstract:
In nematicidal activitiy of sixty plant crude extracts from Albizzia spp. leaf, Nerium indicum leaf,Ricinus communis leaf,Ricinus communis leaf, Tithonia spp. leaf and Tithonia spp. flower extracted by ten different solvents were determined against the second juvenile(J2)of Meloidogyne spp..The result showed that the Albizzia spp. leaf ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride crude extracts, Lantana indica leaf methanol crude extract,Tithonia spp. flower ethanol, acetone, methanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts had stronger nematicidal activities against the J2. When concentration of these plant crude extracts were 2%(relating concentration of plant powder), J2 mortality rate were 100% in 24 hours. Several nematicidal components may exist in Albizzia spp. leaf and Tithonia spp. flower.
In nematicidal activitiy of sixty plant crude extracts from Albizzia spp. leaf, Nerium indicum leaf,Ricinus communis leaf,Ricinus communis leaf, Tithonia spp. leaf and Tithonia spp. flower extracted by ten different solvents were determined against the second juvenile(J2)of Meloidogyne spp..The result showed that the Albizzia spp. leaf ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride crude extracts, Lantana indica leaf methanol crude extract,Tithonia spp. flower ethanol, acetone, methanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts had stronger nematicidal activities against the J2. When concentration of these plant crude extracts were 2%(relating concentration of plant powder), J2 mortality rate were 100% in 24 hours. Several nematicidal components may exist in Albizzia spp. leaf and Tithonia spp. flower.
2005, 20(1): 23-25.
Abstract:
The pathogen of Chinese water chestnut wilt was Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. eleocharidis.The range of temperature for colony growth and conidial production was 10-35℃,the optimum was 25-30℃. The range of pH was 2-12, the optimum of pH was 6.0-8.5.The control experiments showed that Sporkle and Gankujing had better effect on controlling this disease and the control effect was 73.17% and 60.49% in the field.
The pathogen of Chinese water chestnut wilt was Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. eleocharidis.The range of temperature for colony growth and conidial production was 10-35℃,the optimum was 25-30℃. The range of pH was 2-12, the optimum of pH was 6.0-8.5.The control experiments showed that Sporkle and Gankujing had better effect on controlling this disease and the control effect was 73.17% and 60.49% in the field.
2005, 20(1): 26-29.
Abstract:
Microcapsule for bio-controlling strain ANTI-8098A(Bacillus cereus)to control bacterial wilt disease was manufactured by coagulating method, using glutin and arabic gum as shell-materials. The effects of shell-material concentration. ANTI-8098A concentration,stirring speed and formaldehyde solidification on formation of mi-crocapsule were studied. Results showed that using 2.5% glutin. 2.5 arabic gum with 10%-30% ANTI-8098A under conditions of stirring speed at 400 r·min-1,1% formaldehyde for solidification could result in round micro-capsule with diameter of 30.8-57.3μm and 70% retention ratio of the bacteria, the germination rate of microcap-sule of bio-controlling strain ANTI -8098A was over 93%.
Microcapsule for bio-controlling strain ANTI-8098A(Bacillus cereus)to control bacterial wilt disease was manufactured by coagulating method, using glutin and arabic gum as shell-materials. The effects of shell-material concentration. ANTI-8098A concentration,stirring speed and formaldehyde solidification on formation of mi-crocapsule were studied. Results showed that using 2.5% glutin. 2.5 arabic gum with 10%-30% ANTI-8098A under conditions of stirring speed at 400 r·min-1,1% formaldehyde for solidification could result in round micro-capsule with diameter of 30.8-57.3μm and 70% retention ratio of the bacteria, the germination rate of microcap-sule of bio-controlling strain ANTI -8098A was over 93%.
2005, 20(1): 30-33.
Abstract:
Economic impact. pathogen, epidemiology, taxonomy, conrtrol measures and detection of Cymbidium mosaic virus are reviewed, and future study fields are discussed.
Economic impact. pathogen, epidemiology, taxonomy, conrtrol measures and detection of Cymbidium mosaic virus are reviewed, and future study fields are discussed.
2005, 20(1): 34-37.
Abstract:
The protein content and amino acid composition in fruitbodies of Pleurotus eryngii were analysed,the protein nutrient value of the fruitbodies of Pleurotus eryngii strains Pe5 and Pe6 was assessed by the international common method. The result showed that the strain Pe5 was better than the strain Pe6 with higher nutrient value. The cotton seed hull compost was not suitable for the strain Pe5 cultivation. While Miscanthus floridulus could substitute to sawdust and bagasse as compost material for Pleurotus eryngii.
The protein content and amino acid composition in fruitbodies of Pleurotus eryngii were analysed,the protein nutrient value of the fruitbodies of Pleurotus eryngii strains Pe5 and Pe6 was assessed by the international common method. The result showed that the strain Pe5 was better than the strain Pe6 with higher nutrient value. The cotton seed hull compost was not suitable for the strain Pe5 cultivation. While Miscanthus floridulus could substitute to sawdust and bagasse as compost material for Pleurotus eryngii.
2005, 20(1): 38-41.
Abstract:
The dynamic change of absorption ratios of molybdenum,boron and selenium by red soil with culture time under indoor condition were studied. The results showed that the absorption ratio of molybdenum didn’t increase with the increasing concentration(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg·kg-1)of applied molybdenum. And the absorption ratio of molybdenum by red soil of applying 1 mg Mo·kg-1 soil reached the maximum. After applying different concentration of molybdenum, the absorption ratio of molybdenum decreased first and increased later with culture time. The absorption ratio of boron by red soil decrease gradually by the increasing concentration(0,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0 mg·kg-1)of applied boron. And the absorption ratio of boron by red soil of applying 1 mg B·kg-1 soil reached the maximum. After applying different levels of boron, the absorption ratio of boron increased first and decreased later with culture time. After applying different concentration(0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mg·kg-1)of selenium, the available selenium content in red soil decreased first and increased later with culture time. The absorption ratio of selenium by red soil was keeping in a high level through the whole experiment period.
The dynamic change of absorption ratios of molybdenum,boron and selenium by red soil with culture time under indoor condition were studied. The results showed that the absorption ratio of molybdenum didn’t increase with the increasing concentration(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg·kg-1)of applied molybdenum. And the absorption ratio of molybdenum by red soil of applying 1 mg Mo·kg-1 soil reached the maximum. After applying different concentration of molybdenum, the absorption ratio of molybdenum decreased first and increased later with culture time. The absorption ratio of boron by red soil decrease gradually by the increasing concentration(0,1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0 mg·kg-1)of applied boron. And the absorption ratio of boron by red soil of applying 1 mg B·kg-1 soil reached the maximum. After applying different levels of boron, the absorption ratio of boron increased first and decreased later with culture time. After applying different concentration(0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mg·kg-1)of selenium, the available selenium content in red soil decreased first and increased later with culture time. The absorption ratio of selenium by red soil was keeping in a high level through the whole experiment period.
2005, 20(1): 42-45.
Abstract:
The total organic carbon stock in soils of Fujian Province was estimated by using the analytical data of the second soil investigation in Fujian Province. The result showed that the total organic carbon stock in soils of Fujian Province was 1575661?106 t and the average value of carbon densities was 145.23 t·hm-2 and higher than that of average level in China. Red soil, yellow soil and rice soil were the main types in Fujian Province and the organic carbon stocks of them were also three main parts of soil carbon slock in Fujian Province, occupying 9381% of Fujian pools. The carbon densities of red soil, yellow soil and rice soil were 146.107 t·hm-2, 257675 t·hm-2 and 111.633 t·hm-2, respectively, and they all were higher than the average carbon density of China.
The total organic carbon stock in soils of Fujian Province was estimated by using the analytical data of the second soil investigation in Fujian Province. The result showed that the total organic carbon stock in soils of Fujian Province was 1575661?106 t and the average value of carbon densities was 145.23 t·hm-2 and higher than that of average level in China. Red soil, yellow soil and rice soil were the main types in Fujian Province and the organic carbon stocks of them were also three main parts of soil carbon slock in Fujian Province, occupying 9381% of Fujian pools. The carbon densities of red soil, yellow soil and rice soil were 146.107 t·hm-2, 257675 t·hm-2 and 111.633 t·hm-2, respectively, and they all were higher than the average carbon density of China.
2005, 20(1): 46-48.
Abstract:
The samples of the citrus bacterial canker disease(Xanthomonas campestris)collected from Fujian. Sichuan and Anhui in China during 2002-2003 were determined by PCR using one pair of specific primers(P1/ P2)designed based on published sequence. PCR amplification product of 493 bp target band was generated from target pathogen of X. campestris but not from non-target pathogenic bacteria of X. oryzae. Resucts showed that there was a remarkable homogeneity among the pathogens of diseased citrus from Fujian, Sichuan and Anhui, and there were specificity and sensitivity to detecting pathogen DNA of X. campestris by using PCR.
The samples of the citrus bacterial canker disease(Xanthomonas campestris)collected from Fujian. Sichuan and Anhui in China during 2002-2003 were determined by PCR using one pair of specific primers(P1/ P2)designed based on published sequence. PCR amplification product of 493 bp target band was generated from target pathogen of X. campestris but not from non-target pathogenic bacteria of X. oryzae. Resucts showed that there was a remarkable homogeneity among the pathogens of diseased citrus from Fujian, Sichuan and Anhui, and there were specificity and sensitivity to detecting pathogen DNA of X. campestris by using PCR.
2005, 20(1): 49-52.
Abstract:
Sixty-two rice varieties and germplasms with different colors of seed coat were employed to study the contents and distribution of flavonoid. Results showed as follows:(1)In black and red and white rice, the mean flavonoid content in polished rice were(0.093?0.052)g·hg-1,(0.025?0.027)g·hg-1 and(0.007?0.014)g·hg-1 respectively, the mean flavonoid content in rice bran were(3898?0.940)g·hg-1,(0.706?0.349)g·hg-1 and(0.124?0.053)g·hg-1 respectively;(2)The flavonoid content in black rice were significantly higher than those of the red and white, mean flavonoid content in polished rice and rice bran of black rice were 372 times and 552 times respectively as much as those of red rice, and 1328 times and 3143 times respectively as much as those of white rice;the flavonoid content in red was significantly higher than that in white, mean flavonoid content of red rice were 357 times and 569 times respectively as much as those of white rice;(3)Mean flavonoid content in rice bran of various color rice were significantly higher than that in polished rice. The flavonoid content in rice bran were 4191 times,28.24 times and 1771 times respectively as much as that in polished rice.
Sixty-two rice varieties and germplasms with different colors of seed coat were employed to study the contents and distribution of flavonoid. Results showed as follows:(1)In black and red and white rice, the mean flavonoid content in polished rice were(0.093?0.052)g·hg-1,(0.025?0.027)g·hg-1 and(0.007?0.014)g·hg-1 respectively, the mean flavonoid content in rice bran were(3898?0.940)g·hg-1,(0.706?0.349)g·hg-1 and(0.124?0.053)g·hg-1 respectively;(2)The flavonoid content in black rice were significantly higher than those of the red and white, mean flavonoid content in polished rice and rice bran of black rice were 372 times and 552 times respectively as much as those of red rice, and 1328 times and 3143 times respectively as much as those of white rice;the flavonoid content in red was significantly higher than that in white, mean flavonoid content of red rice were 357 times and 569 times respectively as much as those of white rice;(3)Mean flavonoid content in rice bran of various color rice were significantly higher than that in polished rice. The flavonoid content in rice bran were 4191 times,28.24 times and 1771 times respectively as much as that in polished rice.
2005, 20(1): 53-57.
Abstract:
Thirty-four color rice varieties’ brown rice were selected to study the content of five kinds of fatty acids(FA)and oryzanolum in the rice bran crude oil. The difference of nutrient quality among three kinds of color rice varieties and the variant tendency was compared. The result showed that lipid content and linoleic acid(LA)proportion in the fatty acid of black rice bran were significantly higher than that of red rice bran, but there were no significant difference between white rice bran and red rice bran. No significant difference in the unsaturated fatty acid among three color rice bran, Oryzanolum content of black rice bran was significantly higher than that in red rice bran and white rice bran,and there were no significant differences in those of white rice bran and red rice bran. The Chongyangnuo variety had the highest unsaturated fatty acid proportion in rice bran. The oryzanolum content in the JHZZ variety(white rice)and black rice varieties were higher than those in the others, and the character in the early and the late season in Fuzhou was steady;when the same variety cultivated in the same locality, the content of lipid grown in the late season(from July to November)was higher than that in the early season(from March to July), and the content of the oryzanolum and linoleic acid proportion was lower than that in the early season.
Thirty-four color rice varieties’ brown rice were selected to study the content of five kinds of fatty acids(FA)and oryzanolum in the rice bran crude oil. The difference of nutrient quality among three kinds of color rice varieties and the variant tendency was compared. The result showed that lipid content and linoleic acid(LA)proportion in the fatty acid of black rice bran were significantly higher than that of red rice bran, but there were no significant difference between white rice bran and red rice bran. No significant difference in the unsaturated fatty acid among three color rice bran, Oryzanolum content of black rice bran was significantly higher than that in red rice bran and white rice bran,and there were no significant differences in those of white rice bran and red rice bran. The Chongyangnuo variety had the highest unsaturated fatty acid proportion in rice bran. The oryzanolum content in the JHZZ variety(white rice)and black rice varieties were higher than those in the others, and the character in the early and the late season in Fuzhou was steady;when the same variety cultivated in the same locality, the content of lipid grown in the late season(from July to November)was higher than that in the early season(from March to July), and the content of the oryzanolum and linoleic acid proportion was lower than that in the early season.
2005, 20(1): 58-60.
Abstract:
Samples of Zhike from 6 places were determined by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chro-matography(re-HPLC). The results showed that the content of naringin ranged from 1205 mg·g-1 to 59.80 mg·g-1.the content of hesperidin ranged from 0.29 mg·g-1 to 1163 mg·g-1,the content of sypephrine ranged from 0.21 mg·g-1 to 3722 mg·g-1.
Samples of Zhike from 6 places were determined by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chro-matography(re-HPLC). The results showed that the content of naringin ranged from 1205 mg·g-1 to 59.80 mg·g-1.the content of hesperidin ranged from 0.29 mg·g-1 to 1163 mg·g-1,the content of sypephrine ranged from 0.21 mg·g-1 to 3722 mg·g-1.
2005, 20(1): 61-64.
Abstract:
The main processing juice quality characters of 7 different Prunus mume varieties from four provinces in China were determined. The results showed that the content of total acid was high, between 2.4% and 5.2%, decreasing with the duration of Prunus mume. ripeness. The main factors effecting browning were PPO and POD in the Prunus mume juice during processing. There were much high esterified pectin in the fruit, which caused cloudy and sediment of Prunus mume juice.
The main processing juice quality characters of 7 different Prunus mume varieties from four provinces in China were determined. The results showed that the content of total acid was high, between 2.4% and 5.2%, decreasing with the duration of Prunus mume. ripeness. The main factors effecting browning were PPO and POD in the Prunus mume juice during processing. There were much high esterified pectin in the fruit, which caused cloudy and sediment of Prunus mume juice.
