2012 Vol. 27, No. 7
Display Method:
2012, 27(7): 661-666.
Abstract:
A partial genomic library of Pseudosciaena crocea was constructed in this paper. The PCR-based screening library method was used to isolate microsatellite loci containing the repeat motif of (CA)n and (GA)n. Total 55 positive clones were isolated. 32 positive clones were sequenced. 8 pairs of primers were designed based on the unique sequences flanking each motif with the software Primer3. Genomic DNA from 92 tested individuals was applied to evaluate the amplification efficiency of these primers and polymorphism of these markers. GENPOP (v.1.32) software was performanced to analyse the allele data. The number of the alleles per locus varied from 6 to 22. Mean observed and expected heterozygosities(Ho and He),were 0.404 7 and 0.775 6, respectively. These markers showed polymorphism information content between 0.365 1 and 0.928 1.Four P.crocea stocks from different geographic regions were served to evalucate the population genetic structure with these microsatellites DNA logi. The results showed that genetic differentiation were not significant between all stocks (Fst=0.084 8).FIS values within each stock were something high (average 0.436 7) and tests for all sampled populations contained unique alleles. The findings indicated that the populations of P. crocea still possessed variation between tested stocks.It may be caused by the large geographical scales of sample stocks. It means if conducting the suitable conservation and management strategies, the germplasm of large yellow croaker could renew in some measure. The observed allele frequency of most of microsatellites loci deviated from Hardy-weinberg equilibrium, i.e. population mating system may not follow the random principle. The gene flow between all four stocks were 2.699 8, data implied that there were significant gene exchange between stocks. Clustering analysis results supported that P. crocea from China's coast would divided into three different geographic populations.
A partial genomic library of Pseudosciaena crocea was constructed in this paper. The PCR-based screening library method was used to isolate microsatellite loci containing the repeat motif of (CA)n and (GA)n. Total 55 positive clones were isolated. 32 positive clones were sequenced. 8 pairs of primers were designed based on the unique sequences flanking each motif with the software Primer3. Genomic DNA from 92 tested individuals was applied to evaluate the amplification efficiency of these primers and polymorphism of these markers. GENPOP (v.1.32) software was performanced to analyse the allele data. The number of the alleles per locus varied from 6 to 22. Mean observed and expected heterozygosities(Ho and He),were 0.404 7 and 0.775 6, respectively. These markers showed polymorphism information content between 0.365 1 and 0.928 1.Four P.crocea stocks from different geographic regions were served to evalucate the population genetic structure with these microsatellites DNA logi. The results showed that genetic differentiation were not significant between all stocks (Fst=0.084 8).FIS values within each stock were something high (average 0.436 7) and tests for all sampled populations contained unique alleles. The findings indicated that the populations of P. crocea still possessed variation between tested stocks.It may be caused by the large geographical scales of sample stocks. It means if conducting the suitable conservation and management strategies, the germplasm of large yellow croaker could renew in some measure. The observed allele frequency of most of microsatellites loci deviated from Hardy-weinberg equilibrium, i.e. population mating system may not follow the random principle. The gene flow between all four stocks were 2.699 8, data implied that there were significant gene exchange between stocks. Clustering analysis results supported that P. crocea from China's coast would divided into three different geographic populations.
2012, 27(7): 667-672.
Abstract:
In order to define the carcass economic value of black Muscovy duck, the performance of slaughtering meat quality and the chest muscle nutrients of male and female black Muscovy duck aged at 70 days and 120 days were analyzed. The results showed that: ①Slaughter performance: live weight, carcass weight, carcass rate, eviscerated weight, half carcass weight, leg muscle of the drake aged 120 days were significantly higher than that of the drake aged 70 days, and the differences were significant (PP>0.05). So the drake aged 120 days and the female duck aged 70 days had good slaughter performances.②Meat quality: the differences of chest, leg muscle pH, and drip loss between the male and female black Muscovy duck aged 70 days were not significant (P>0.05). ③Chest muscle nutrients: the differences of moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat content in chest muscle between the black Muscovy duck aged 70 and 120 days were not significant (P>0.05). ④Amino acid content of chest muscle: the amino acid content in chest muscle of female duck aged 70 days, including threonine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and the essential amino acids were higher than that of drake aged 70 days(P<0.05). The amino acid content in chest muscle of drake aged 120 days, including threonine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and the essential amino acids were higher than that of drake aged 70 days (P <0.05). Compared the amino acid contents in 70 day-age ducks' chests, that of the female ducks was higher than that of the drakes; while, compared the amino acid contents in drakes’ chests, that of the 120 day-age drakes was higher than that of 70 day-age drakes.
In order to define the carcass economic value of black Muscovy duck, the performance of slaughtering meat quality and the chest muscle nutrients of male and female black Muscovy duck aged at 70 days and 120 days were analyzed. The results showed that: ①Slaughter performance: live weight, carcass weight, carcass rate, eviscerated weight, half carcass weight, leg muscle of the drake aged 120 days were significantly higher than that of the drake aged 70 days, and the differences were significant (PP>0.05). So the drake aged 120 days and the female duck aged 70 days had good slaughter performances.②Meat quality: the differences of chest, leg muscle pH, and drip loss between the male and female black Muscovy duck aged 70 days were not significant (P>0.05). ③Chest muscle nutrients: the differences of moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat content in chest muscle between the black Muscovy duck aged 70 and 120 days were not significant (P>0.05). ④Amino acid content of chest muscle: the amino acid content in chest muscle of female duck aged 70 days, including threonine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and the essential amino acids were higher than that of drake aged 70 days(P<0.05). The amino acid content in chest muscle of drake aged 120 days, including threonine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine and the essential amino acids were higher than that of drake aged 70 days (P <0.05). Compared the amino acid contents in 70 day-age ducks' chests, that of the female ducks was higher than that of the drakes; while, compared the amino acid contents in drakes’ chests, that of the 120 day-age drakes was higher than that of 70 day-age drakes.
2012, 27(7): 673-678.
Abstract:
Minhui3301, an elite restorer line of indica rice, was selected from the hybrids of Minghui86 and Mianhui436 in the pedigree record; but some experimental datas failed to support this genetic relationship. We've found that many morphological traits of Minhui3301 were much more similar to those of R527 than those of Minghui86. In order to find out the genetic origin of Minghui3301, 30 morphological traits and 712 SSR markers of the 4 varieties -Minhui3301, R527, Mianhui436 and Minghui86,were analyzed.Multiple comparisons showed that the morphological traits of Minhui3301 were similar to R527 or Mianhui436, but significantly or very significantly different from Minghui86. Minhui3301, R527 and Mianhui436 were clustered into one group, while Minghui86 was divided into another by cluster analysis at the genetic distance 8.99. Meanwhile, SSR markers analysis showed that the genetic distances between Minhui3301 and R527, Mianhui436,Minghui86 were 0.14, 0.145 and 0.337,respectively. The clustering analysis based on the genetic similarity of molecular markers and morphological traits led to the same conclusion—the SSR band patterns of Minhui3301 were just the combination of R527 and Mianhui436. In short, Minhui3301 was originated from R527 and Mianhui436, but not Minghui86 and Mianhui436.
Minhui3301, an elite restorer line of indica rice, was selected from the hybrids of Minghui86 and Mianhui436 in the pedigree record; but some experimental datas failed to support this genetic relationship. We've found that many morphological traits of Minhui3301 were much more similar to those of R527 than those of Minghui86. In order to find out the genetic origin of Minghui3301, 30 morphological traits and 712 SSR markers of the 4 varieties -Minhui3301, R527, Mianhui436 and Minghui86,were analyzed.Multiple comparisons showed that the morphological traits of Minhui3301 were similar to R527 or Mianhui436, but significantly or very significantly different from Minghui86. Minhui3301, R527 and Mianhui436 were clustered into one group, while Minghui86 was divided into another by cluster analysis at the genetic distance 8.99. Meanwhile, SSR markers analysis showed that the genetic distances between Minhui3301 and R527, Mianhui436,Minghui86 were 0.14, 0.145 and 0.337,respectively. The clustering analysis based on the genetic similarity of molecular markers and morphological traits led to the same conclusion—the SSR band patterns of Minhui3301 were just the combination of R527 and Mianhui436. In short, Minhui3301 was originated from R527 and Mianhui436, but not Minghui86 and Mianhui436.
2012, 27(7): 679-684.
Abstract:
Different nitrogen (N) application levels in the winter potato areas in the Southeast Fujian were conducted to explore the characteristics of N absorbtion and accumulation as well as application technology. The results showed that N accumulation in the whole plant and tuber of the potatoes both exhibited a Logistic dynamic curve. The dynamics of leaf area and dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves all showed a single peak curve. The yield, dry matter and starch accumulation of tuber in potatoes all had parabola correlation with N application. Under the tested conditions, the economic N application was determined to be 239.5 kg穐m-2 with an expected yield of 38 t穐m-2. On the average, N absorption and application were 3.31 kg and 5.91 kg for fresh potatoes per 1 000 kg, respectively.
Different nitrogen (N) application levels in the winter potato areas in the Southeast Fujian were conducted to explore the characteristics of N absorbtion and accumulation as well as application technology. The results showed that N accumulation in the whole plant and tuber of the potatoes both exhibited a Logistic dynamic curve. The dynamics of leaf area and dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves all showed a single peak curve. The yield, dry matter and starch accumulation of tuber in potatoes all had parabola correlation with N application. Under the tested conditions, the economic N application was determined to be 239.5 kg穐m-2 with an expected yield of 38 t穐m-2. On the average, N absorption and application were 3.31 kg and 5.91 kg for fresh potatoes per 1 000 kg, respectively.
2012, 27(7): 685-690.
Abstract:
Using the split plot design, a field experiment was conducted with different sowing date(5/20、5/30、6/10、6/20 and 6/30) and transplanting densities (18, 25and 36 hills·hm-2) by using a super hybrid rice Tianyou 3301. The results showed that sowing date had significantly effect on the panicles per unit area,grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. It had significant influence of transplanting density on yield and yield components for Tianyou 3301. The transplanting density mainly affected panicles, as the transplanting density increased,the effective panicles per unit area significantly increasd, grain number decreased. But there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate among different densities. Therefore, the super hybrid rice Tianyou 3301 in Jianyang and the Northwestern Fujian under the experimental conditions which are transplanting seedlings at May 20 and 30 with transplanting density of 250000·hm-2 and 360000·hm-2 respectively, can form adequate panicles grain number and obtain a higher yield.
Using the split plot design, a field experiment was conducted with different sowing date(5/20、5/30、6/10、6/20 and 6/30) and transplanting densities (18, 25and 36 hills·hm-2) by using a super hybrid rice Tianyou 3301. The results showed that sowing date had significantly effect on the panicles per unit area,grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. It had significant influence of transplanting density on yield and yield components for Tianyou 3301. The transplanting density mainly affected panicles, as the transplanting density increased,the effective panicles per unit area significantly increasd, grain number decreased. But there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate among different densities. Therefore, the super hybrid rice Tianyou 3301 in Jianyang and the Northwestern Fujian under the experimental conditions which are transplanting seedlings at May 20 and 30 with transplanting density of 250000·hm-2 and 360000·hm-2 respectively, can form adequate panicles grain number and obtain a higher yield.
2012, 27(7): 691-694.
Abstract:
Interval sowing date experiment was executed with Yiyou 673 as testing material to explore the variation of yield and rice quality under different sowing dates. The results showed that the yield was firstly ascended and then declined gradually with the delayed sowing dates of rice. The yield of Yiyou 673 was the highest when it was sowed on May 20th. But when it was sowed on June 20th, the yield was the lowest. Head milled rice rate, translucent endosperm, amylase content, and scores of physicochemical index were increased with the delayed sowing date and the reduced average temperature during filling stage. At the same time, chalky rice rate and chalkness rate were reduced. So, on the basis of the full heading time, it is beneficial to improve the quality of rice with suitably delayed sowing date of Yiyou 673.
Interval sowing date experiment was executed with Yiyou 673 as testing material to explore the variation of yield and rice quality under different sowing dates. The results showed that the yield was firstly ascended and then declined gradually with the delayed sowing dates of rice. The yield of Yiyou 673 was the highest when it was sowed on May 20th. But when it was sowed on June 20th, the yield was the lowest. Head milled rice rate, translucent endosperm, amylase content, and scores of physicochemical index were increased with the delayed sowing date and the reduced average temperature during filling stage. At the same time, chalky rice rate and chalkness rate were reduced. So, on the basis of the full heading time, it is beneficial to improve the quality of rice with suitably delayed sowing date of Yiyou 673.
2012, 27(7): 695-699.
Abstract:
The fatty acids composition and content in the different organs of Coix lacryma-jobi L from Fujian were measured by gas chromatography. The results showed that, different organs of Coix contain 10 kinds of fatty acids such as linoleic, g-linolenic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and the fatty acid composition from different organs were different. This paper also discussed the unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acid proportion of Coix organs and their nutritional value.
The fatty acids composition and content in the different organs of Coix lacryma-jobi L from Fujian were measured by gas chromatography. The results showed that, different organs of Coix contain 10 kinds of fatty acids such as linoleic, g-linolenic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and the fatty acid composition from different organs were different. This paper also discussed the unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acid proportion of Coix organs and their nutritional value.
2012, 27(7): 700-706.
Abstract:
Effects of different seed sizes on germination, yield and quality of peanuts were investigated in this study under the condition of incubator and field. The results showed that the vigor index and emergence rate of the large seed were higher than those of the small seed, but germination rate and germination index of the large seed were slightly lower than those of the small and middle seed. The highest pod yield was produced by large seed, followed by middle seed, the lowest pod yield was produced by small seed. There are close relationship between the higher pod yield of big seed and the more blooming, strong root activity in a relatively short period, much dry matter accumulation, and so on, which laid a good foundation for larger pod number and higher productivity. The protein content and oil content of peanut were affected by the genetic characteristics and environmental condition of varieties, the seed size had little effect on both of them.
Effects of different seed sizes on germination, yield and quality of peanuts were investigated in this study under the condition of incubator and field. The results showed that the vigor index and emergence rate of the large seed were higher than those of the small seed, but germination rate and germination index of the large seed were slightly lower than those of the small and middle seed. The highest pod yield was produced by large seed, followed by middle seed, the lowest pod yield was produced by small seed. There are close relationship between the higher pod yield of big seed and the more blooming, strong root activity in a relatively short period, much dry matter accumulation, and so on, which laid a good foundation for larger pod number and higher productivity. The protein content and oil content of peanut were affected by the genetic characteristics and environmental condition of varieties, the seed size had little effect on both of them.
2012, 27(7): 707-710.
Abstract:
Three flower color related genes(CHS、ANS、DFR)were cloned from the red flower sepals of Oncidium Sharry Baby with homology sequence cloning. The length of their conservative sequences were 611 bp、288 bp and 554 bp. Sequence analysis showed that these genes revealed high homology with the color related genes from other plants, ranging from 77%~89%、72%~99% and 57%~96% for CHS、ANS and DFR, respectively. Results of RT-PCR analysis showed that the transcripts of three genes were detected from red sepals but not in yellow labellum and leaves. The expression level of three genes was high in the bud and early flowering stages, and then decreased in blooming.
Three flower color related genes(CHS、ANS、DFR)were cloned from the red flower sepals of Oncidium Sharry Baby with homology sequence cloning. The length of their conservative sequences were 611 bp、288 bp and 554 bp. Sequence analysis showed that these genes revealed high homology with the color related genes from other plants, ranging from 77%~89%、72%~99% and 57%~96% for CHS、ANS and DFR, respectively. Results of RT-PCR analysis showed that the transcripts of three genes were detected from red sepals but not in yellow labellum and leaves. The expression level of three genes was high in the bud and early flowering stages, and then decreased in blooming.
2012, 27(7): 711-716.
Abstract:
The plantlets of Fujian wild grapes (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) were established by using its stems with node as explants. And its callus induction, subculture and long-term maintenance were carried out by using the stems and leaves of these plantlets. The results showed that, with the illumination of lights, the effect of medium MS+BA 2.0 mg稬-1+NAA 0.2 mg稬-1+ Sucrose 30 g稬-1 revealed the best on inducing of calluses for a rate of 100%. The medium MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg稬-1+ Sucrose 30 g稬-1 was the best for the callus subculture multiplication to obtain the friable calluses in good growth. For a long-term maintenance, the calluses were sub-cultured for several generations with the medium MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg稬-1+ Sucrose 30 g稬-1 and then followed with the sub-culture of medium MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg稬-1+KT 0.5 mg稬-1+AgNO3 5.0 mg稬-1+Sucrose 30 g稬-1 for one generation. Continually, the calluses were alternately sub-cultured with the two mediums and could grow vigorously with the illumination of lights.
The plantlets of Fujian wild grapes (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) were established by using its stems with node as explants. And its callus induction, subculture and long-term maintenance were carried out by using the stems and leaves of these plantlets. The results showed that, with the illumination of lights, the effect of medium MS+BA 2.0 mg稬-1+NAA 0.2 mg稬-1+ Sucrose 30 g稬-1 revealed the best on inducing of calluses for a rate of 100%. The medium MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg稬-1+ Sucrose 30 g稬-1 was the best for the callus subculture multiplication to obtain the friable calluses in good growth. For a long-term maintenance, the calluses were sub-cultured for several generations with the medium MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg稬-1+ Sucrose 30 g稬-1 and then followed with the sub-culture of medium MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg稬-1+KT 0.5 mg稬-1+AgNO3 5.0 mg稬-1+Sucrose 30 g稬-1 for one generation. Continually, the calluses were alternately sub-cultured with the two mediums and could grow vigorously with the illumination of lights.
2012, 27(7): 717-722.
Abstract:
The adaptability, such as period of growth, characters of shoots, yield of fresh leaves, quality of made tea and enviromental resistance, the leaf photosynthesis rate, of five green tea varieties Liubeixiang, Wuyizao, Zhenong 117,Zhenong 139, Maolv in which Fudingdabaicha as the control species(CK) was measured with a CID-301PS portable photosynthesis system. The results shows that the growth period of Liubeixiang was 6 days earlier than that of CK, and drought resistance and the quality of Liubeixiang were higher than those of CK; the growth period of Wuyizao was 4 days earlier than that of CK, and the flushing densities and drought resistance and the yield of Wuyizao were higher than those of CK, and the yield were higher 7.4% than that of CK,the quality of made tea was the same as the CK; the flushing densities of Zhenong 117 was higher than those of CK, and cold resistance and the quality were higher than those of CK, the yield were 44.2% higher than CK; the growth period of Zhenong 139 was 4-6 days earlier than that of CK, the drought resistance and the quality of Zhenong 139 were higher than those of CK, the yield was the same as the CK; the flushing densities of Maolv was higher than those of CK, the drought and cold resistance of Maolv were higher than those of CK, the quality of made tea and the yield of Maolv were the same as the CK.In this study we conclude that all of five green tea varieties as mentioned were suitable for cultivating in Fu'an country and other areas where they had similar environmental conditions.
The adaptability, such as period of growth, characters of shoots, yield of fresh leaves, quality of made tea and enviromental resistance, the leaf photosynthesis rate, of five green tea varieties Liubeixiang, Wuyizao, Zhenong 117,Zhenong 139, Maolv in which Fudingdabaicha as the control species(CK) was measured with a CID-301PS portable photosynthesis system. The results shows that the growth period of Liubeixiang was 6 days earlier than that of CK, and drought resistance and the quality of Liubeixiang were higher than those of CK; the growth period of Wuyizao was 4 days earlier than that of CK, and the flushing densities and drought resistance and the yield of Wuyizao were higher than those of CK, and the yield were higher 7.4% than that of CK,the quality of made tea was the same as the CK; the flushing densities of Zhenong 117 was higher than those of CK, and cold resistance and the quality were higher than those of CK, the yield were 44.2% higher than CK; the growth period of Zhenong 139 was 4-6 days earlier than that of CK, the drought resistance and the quality of Zhenong 139 were higher than those of CK, the yield was the same as the CK; the flushing densities of Maolv was higher than those of CK, the drought and cold resistance of Maolv were higher than those of CK, the quality of made tea and the yield of Maolv were the same as the CK.In this study we conclude that all of five green tea varieties as mentioned were suitable for cultivating in Fu'an country and other areas where they had similar environmental conditions.
2012, 27(7): 723-727.
Abstract:
The carotenoid contents and compositions of sweet pomelos with different fresh colors,including huangjin sweet pomelo, red-fleshed sweet pomelo and guanxi sweet pomelo, were identified by using HPLC. The results showed that carotenoids were mainly made up of β-carotene,phytoene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene, and the contents were 218.83, 22.95, 4.17, 2.96 and 2.86 μg·g-1·dw-1, respectively. The total content of carotenes in flesh of huangjin sweet pomelo reached up to 251.77 μg·g-1·dw-1, 2.6 times of that in red-fleshed sweet pomelo and 287.7 times of that in guanxi sweet pomelo.
The carotenoid contents and compositions of sweet pomelos with different fresh colors,including huangjin sweet pomelo, red-fleshed sweet pomelo and guanxi sweet pomelo, were identified by using HPLC. The results showed that carotenoids were mainly made up of β-carotene,phytoene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene, and the contents were 218.83, 22.95, 4.17, 2.96 and 2.86 μg·g-1·dw-1, respectively. The total content of carotenes in flesh of huangjin sweet pomelo reached up to 251.77 μg·g-1·dw-1, 2.6 times of that in red-fleshed sweet pomelo and 287.7 times of that in guanxi sweet pomelo.
2012, 27(7): 728-733.
Abstract:
Huanghua pear was used as materials to study the effects of calcium on its storage quality. The treatments were consisted of high active Ca and Mg、organic chelating calcium spraying as foliage fertilizer or with combination of foliage fertilizer and rhizosphere fertilizer before harvest. The results showed that, comparing to the contrast, all calcium treatments significantly reduced the water loss rate and rot rate, and significantly increased the fruit firmness and contents of total sugar, total acid and soluble solids of Huanghua pear when stored at 16℃. The Vc contents were significantly higher than the contrast except the treatment with high active Ca and Mg as foliage fertilizer. With comprehensive comparisons among all treatments, the treatment with high active Ca and Mg as foliage fertilizer pre-harvest had significantly better water loss rate and fruit firmness, and the treatment with organic chelating calcium as both foliage and rhizosphere fertilizer had significantly lower fruit rot rate than other treatments.
Huanghua pear was used as materials to study the effects of calcium on its storage quality. The treatments were consisted of high active Ca and Mg、organic chelating calcium spraying as foliage fertilizer or with combination of foliage fertilizer and rhizosphere fertilizer before harvest. The results showed that, comparing to the contrast, all calcium treatments significantly reduced the water loss rate and rot rate, and significantly increased the fruit firmness and contents of total sugar, total acid and soluble solids of Huanghua pear when stored at 16℃. The Vc contents were significantly higher than the contrast except the treatment with high active Ca and Mg as foliage fertilizer. With comprehensive comparisons among all treatments, the treatment with high active Ca and Mg as foliage fertilizer pre-harvest had significantly better water loss rate and fruit firmness, and the treatment with organic chelating calcium as both foliage and rhizosphere fertilizer had significantly lower fruit rot rate than other treatments.
2012, 27(7): 734-738.
Abstract:
In this study, the Escherichia coli strain contains the gene encoding Taq DNA Polymerase was shaking-cultured in constant temperature incubator shaker at 37℃ for synthesizing of the Polymerase, using IPTG as an inducer.The enzyme was then precipitated by 40% ammonium sulfate.Taq DNA Polymerase obtained in this way was negatively charged, and anion-exchange column was used to purify the protein. It was found that this performance can remove the unneeded small biological molecules more quickly than the traditional method of dialysis; meanwhile, it not only keeps biological activities of Taq DNA Polymerase, but also shortens time of purification and improves pure degree of Taq DNA Polymerase. The rice cDNA,rice genomic DNA and soil microorganism DNA were used as template to PCR amplification and the PCR products were sequenced. The results showed that the polymerase had great activity and fidelity.
In this study, the Escherichia coli strain contains the gene encoding Taq DNA Polymerase was shaking-cultured in constant temperature incubator shaker at 37℃ for synthesizing of the Polymerase, using IPTG as an inducer.The enzyme was then precipitated by 40% ammonium sulfate.Taq DNA Polymerase obtained in this way was negatively charged, and anion-exchange column was used to purify the protein. It was found that this performance can remove the unneeded small biological molecules more quickly than the traditional method of dialysis; meanwhile, it not only keeps biological activities of Taq DNA Polymerase, but also shortens time of purification and improves pure degree of Taq DNA Polymerase. The rice cDNA,rice genomic DNA and soil microorganism DNA were used as template to PCR amplification and the PCR products were sequenced. The results showed that the polymerase had great activity and fidelity.
2012, 27(7): 739-742.
Abstract:
The experiment of fruit sugarcane preservation was conducted with the extraction of Chinese herb Houttuynia, Cloves,Galangal,Agastache,and Dictamnus albus as treatment A,B,C,D and E.Results showed that the loss of moisture content was (0.53±0.187)% with packaging less than that without package (10.50±0.397)% while fruit sugarcanes being preserved at room temperature for 8 d.With store temperature at 0-4 ℃ for 40 d,the sectioning surface of treated sugarcanes observed normal in groups of treatment A,B,C and D except treatment E and CK. After the preservation for 48 d,the content of vitamin C in treatment B and D was(437.9±35.79)μg· mL-1 and(432.8±30.89 )μg· mL-1 respectively,the decreasing range of which was less than that in other treatments. At the same storage temperature,the POD activity of preserved fresh sugarcanes observed with a smoothly increasing in early stage,then rising rapidly after 24 d.When reaching to the 40 d of preservation,the POD activity in treatment B and D was(1.314±0.056)U·g-1·min-1 and (1.600±0.047) U·g-1·min-1 ,respectively,and in CK was(2.305±0.041) U·g-1·min-1 . The results indicated that the POD activity of fruit sugarcane could be inhibited effectively with the preservation of Chinese Herb extractions,so that delaying of its corrupt and brownness.
The experiment of fruit sugarcane preservation was conducted with the extraction of Chinese herb Houttuynia, Cloves,Galangal,Agastache,and Dictamnus albus as treatment A,B,C,D and E.Results showed that the loss of moisture content was (0.53±0.187)% with packaging less than that without package (10.50±0.397)% while fruit sugarcanes being preserved at room temperature for 8 d.With store temperature at 0-4 ℃ for 40 d,the sectioning surface of treated sugarcanes observed normal in groups of treatment A,B,C and D except treatment E and CK. After the preservation for 48 d,the content of vitamin C in treatment B and D was(437.9±35.79)μg· mL-1 and(432.8±30.89 )μg· mL-1 respectively,the decreasing range of which was less than that in other treatments. At the same storage temperature,the POD activity of preserved fresh sugarcanes observed with a smoothly increasing in early stage,then rising rapidly after 24 d.When reaching to the 40 d of preservation,the POD activity in treatment B and D was(1.314±0.056)U·g-1·min-1 and (1.600±0.047) U·g-1·min-1 ,respectively,and in CK was(2.305±0.041) U·g-1·min-1 . The results indicated that the POD activity of fruit sugarcane could be inhibited effectively with the preservation of Chinese Herb extractions,so that delaying of its corrupt and brownness.
2012, 27(7): 743-746.
Abstract:
A new extraction technology-ultrasonic cycling extraction was applied to extract total antioxidant substances from Dictyophora indusiata. The optimal condition was investigated by six single factor experiments, with DPPH radical scavenging ability as antioxidant activity index. The best technical parameters were as follows:the ultrasonic extracting temperature was 40℃,the ultrasonic power was 600W, the intermittent ratio was 3:1(working 3sec and intermitting 1sec), the material to liquid ratio was 8% (w/v),the extracting time was 15min,the ethanol concentration was 80%.
A new extraction technology-ultrasonic cycling extraction was applied to extract total antioxidant substances from Dictyophora indusiata. The optimal condition was investigated by six single factor experiments, with DPPH radical scavenging ability as antioxidant activity index. The best technical parameters were as follows:the ultrasonic extracting temperature was 40℃,the ultrasonic power was 600W, the intermittent ratio was 3:1(working 3sec and intermitting 1sec), the material to liquid ratio was 8% (w/v),the extracting time was 15min,the ethanol concentration was 80%.
2012, 27(7): 747-749.
Abstract:
16% tannic acid was selected as precipitation agent for the polymer protein over 2000Da in Fermented fishmeal. The contents of proteins and free amino acids in the filtrate of fermented fishmeal were determined by the fully automatic azotometer and automatic amino acid analyzer, and then calculated the contents of oligopeptides. The results showed that the recovery rates of low molecular weight proteins of 1500Da were 90%~95% and the relative standard deviation was 1.6%.
16% tannic acid was selected as precipitation agent for the polymer protein over 2000Da in Fermented fishmeal. The contents of proteins and free amino acids in the filtrate of fermented fishmeal were determined by the fully automatic azotometer and automatic amino acid analyzer, and then calculated the contents of oligopeptides. The results showed that the recovery rates of low molecular weight proteins of 1500Da were 90%~95% and the relative standard deviation was 1.6%.
2012, 27(7): 750-754.
Abstract:
In order to rescreen high virulence strains against Myllocerinus aurolineatus, the growth rate, sporulation, germination rate and insecticidal activity of eight Beauveria bassiana isolates, which were isloated from dead body of M. aurolineatus, were investigated. The results showed that the eight isolates could be seperated into two groups: hyphae type and spore type on the SDAY medium. The hyphae type strains of XJBb3001 and XJBb3007 grew faster than the others, but they are useless hyphae and no producing spores. The strain XJBb3005 had the largest number of sporulation, and there were very significant differences in sporulation number between strain XJBb3005 and other isolates. There is no difference among the spore germination rate of the strain XJBb3002, XJBb3003, XJBb3004, XJBb3005, XJBb3006, XJBb3008. Bioassay evaluation were carried out by dipping in spore suspension (1.0?107spores穖L-1), and the results showed that the isolate XJBb3005 had highest virulent, and corrected mortality of M. aurolineatus reached 100% at 7 d after treatment. The LT50 value was 3.46 d,LT90 value was 5.45 d, and infected rate was 93.75%, respectively.
In order to rescreen high virulence strains against Myllocerinus aurolineatus, the growth rate, sporulation, germination rate and insecticidal activity of eight Beauveria bassiana isolates, which were isloated from dead body of M. aurolineatus, were investigated. The results showed that the eight isolates could be seperated into two groups: hyphae type and spore type on the SDAY medium. The hyphae type strains of XJBb3001 and XJBb3007 grew faster than the others, but they are useless hyphae and no producing spores. The strain XJBb3005 had the largest number of sporulation, and there were very significant differences in sporulation number between strain XJBb3005 and other isolates. There is no difference among the spore germination rate of the strain XJBb3002, XJBb3003, XJBb3004, XJBb3005, XJBb3006, XJBb3008. Bioassay evaluation were carried out by dipping in spore suspension (1.0?107spores穖L-1), and the results showed that the isolate XJBb3005 had highest virulent, and corrected mortality of M. aurolineatus reached 100% at 7 d after treatment. The LT50 value was 3.46 d,LT90 value was 5.45 d, and infected rate was 93.75%, respectively.
2012, 27(7): 755-758.
Abstract:
Scipinia subula Hsiao et Ren is a predatory insect in tea plantation ecosystems. The effect of temperature and prey species on the development of S. subula as well as its oviposition was observed in laboratory experiments. The results revealed that, by feeding on Toxoptera aurantii Boyer as a prey, the development rate of S. subula increased with temperature at 4 tested temperature (20, 25, 30 and 35℃). The embryonic developmental periods ranged from 34.1 d at 20℃ to 6.5 d at 35℃. The entire nymphal developmental period reduced from 72.0 d at 20℃ to 26.9 d at 35℃. There is no significant difference in S. subula hatchability at the 4 tested temperatures during embryonic development, but significantly different mortality during nymphal development with lower mortality at 25℃ and 30℃ than at 20℃ and 35℃. No significant difference of developmental periods was observed between S.subula feeding on T.aurantii and Plutella xylostella (L.) as preys. With P. xylostella as a prey at 35℃, the fecundity of S. subula was 214.1 female eggs with pre-oviposition period of mean 8.0 d and oviposition period of mean 46.1 d,respectively.
Scipinia subula Hsiao et Ren is a predatory insect in tea plantation ecosystems. The effect of temperature and prey species on the development of S. subula as well as its oviposition was observed in laboratory experiments. The results revealed that, by feeding on Toxoptera aurantii Boyer as a prey, the development rate of S. subula increased with temperature at 4 tested temperature (20, 25, 30 and 35℃). The embryonic developmental periods ranged from 34.1 d at 20℃ to 6.5 d at 35℃. The entire nymphal developmental period reduced from 72.0 d at 20℃ to 26.9 d at 35℃. There is no significant difference in S. subula hatchability at the 4 tested temperatures during embryonic development, but significantly different mortality during nymphal development with lower mortality at 25℃ and 30℃ than at 20℃ and 35℃. No significant difference of developmental periods was observed between S.subula feeding on T.aurantii and Plutella xylostella (L.) as preys. With P. xylostella as a prey at 35℃, the fecundity of S. subula was 214.1 female eggs with pre-oviposition period of mean 8.0 d and oviposition period of mean 46.1 d,respectively.
2012, 27(7): 759-763.
Abstract:
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is one of the important factors in the rice cultural regulation, which plays a significant role in the growth of rice.Using the rice cultivar Yonyou No. 6 as experimental material, four different N application proportions at the early and late growth stages were carried out to understand the effects of N fertilizer management on rice yield and N utilization efficiency. In detail, the N application rates were the same for each treatment, but the N application proportions at the early and late growth stage were 4:6 (N1), 5:5 (N2), 6:4 (N3) and 7:3 (N4), respectively. The results indicated that appropriate N application rates at late growth stage, for example, N3 treatment (6:4), could effectively slow down the degradation of chlorophyll, reduce ineffective tillers and increase rice spike rate, which led to the high yield of rice. Moreover, the N accumulation, rice yield, agronomic and physiological nitrogen utilization rate in N3 treatment were more than other treatments. It's concluded that a optimized method of N fertilizer management could play an important role in the yield formation of Yonyou No. 6.
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is one of the important factors in the rice cultural regulation, which plays a significant role in the growth of rice.Using the rice cultivar Yonyou No. 6 as experimental material, four different N application proportions at the early and late growth stages were carried out to understand the effects of N fertilizer management on rice yield and N utilization efficiency. In detail, the N application rates were the same for each treatment, but the N application proportions at the early and late growth stage were 4:6 (N1), 5:5 (N2), 6:4 (N3) and 7:3 (N4), respectively. The results indicated that appropriate N application rates at late growth stage, for example, N3 treatment (6:4), could effectively slow down the degradation of chlorophyll, reduce ineffective tillers and increase rice spike rate, which led to the high yield of rice. Moreover, the N accumulation, rice yield, agronomic and physiological nitrogen utilization rate in N3 treatment were more than other treatments. It's concluded that a optimized method of N fertilizer management could play an important role in the yield formation of Yonyou No. 6.
2012, 27(7): 764-767.
Abstract:
A three-year experiment was conducted to study the responses of single cropping rice's growth to different period and ratio of reducing nitrogen (N) and potash (K) application after turning Astragalus sinicus green manure to filed. The results showed that,after turning Astragalus sinicus 18000 kg穐m-2 into field every year, the yield of rice grain was the highest in N and K fertilizer treatment with base fertilizer:tillers fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=0:5:5, and respectively increased by 3.6%, 4.9%, 3.0% and 6.1% than that of treatments with base fertilizer:tillers fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=3:4:3, 5:5:0, 0:7:3 and 0:10:0, and the differences showed significant. The main economic characters which improved the rice yield was the increase of the setting grains per panicle. This may be the enough nutrient offered to single cropping rice in seeding stage after turning Astragalus sinicus manure into field. N and K fertilization application in retral growing period and the increase of panicle fertilization ratio could significantly improve the yield of rice grain.
A three-year experiment was conducted to study the responses of single cropping rice's growth to different period and ratio of reducing nitrogen (N) and potash (K) application after turning Astragalus sinicus green manure to filed. The results showed that,after turning Astragalus sinicus 18000 kg穐m-2 into field every year, the yield of rice grain was the highest in N and K fertilizer treatment with base fertilizer:tillers fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=0:5:5, and respectively increased by 3.6%, 4.9%, 3.0% and 6.1% than that of treatments with base fertilizer:tillers fertilizer:panicle fertilizer=3:4:3, 5:5:0, 0:7:3 and 0:10:0, and the differences showed significant. The main economic characters which improved the rice yield was the increase of the setting grains per panicle. This may be the enough nutrient offered to single cropping rice in seeding stage after turning Astragalus sinicus manure into field. N and K fertilization application in retral growing period and the increase of panicle fertilization ratio could significantly improve the yield of rice grain.
2012, 27(7): 768-772.
Abstract:
Through the adjustment of agricultural structure and industrial cluster development, Fujian Province has broken the status that livestock and poultry industry can only exists in the form of sideline, and has made increase in the proportion of husbandry in agriculture, changed the shortage of livestock and poultry products to surplus. Based on the studies of status, type, characteristics, effect and impact factors analysis of livestock and poultry industry cluster development in Fujian, this paper proposed countermeasures to support the livestock industry cluster development, change the way in which livestock and poultry industry cluster develop, promote the strategic restructuring of clusters and foster business clusters, in order to further promote and enhance the regional livestock and poultry industry cluster development.
Through the adjustment of agricultural structure and industrial cluster development, Fujian Province has broken the status that livestock and poultry industry can only exists in the form of sideline, and has made increase in the proportion of husbandry in agriculture, changed the shortage of livestock and poultry products to surplus. Based on the studies of status, type, characteristics, effect and impact factors analysis of livestock and poultry industry cluster development in Fujian, this paper proposed countermeasures to support the livestock industry cluster development, change the way in which livestock and poultry industry cluster develop, promote the strategic restructuring of clusters and foster business clusters, in order to further promote and enhance the regional livestock and poultry industry cluster development.
2012, 27(7): 773-779.
Abstract:
Successful breeding and application of the restorer line Minghui77 had changed a relatively single situation and played the role in the renewal of the early maturing restorer line application in China. Up to 2010, there were 11 combinations of hybrid rice approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee, which were bred from Minghui77. And three of them were approved by the national authorities in China. The statistics indicated that the total planting area of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui77 was 7.4467 million hectares, and the output of rice was increased by 3.6 billion kilograms. Furthermore, Minghui77 was an important backbone parent to breed early maturing restorer lines. Up to 2011, 24 new restorer lines were successfully bred from Minghui77 as the main parent in China. 34 combinations of hybrid rice with these new restorer lines were approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee. The total planting area of them was 504 thousand hectares in China from 2005 to 2010, and the output of rice was increased by 107.32 million kilograms. Finally, the author discussed the reason that Minghui77 was widely utilized. The strong restoring ability, broad restoring spectrum, high combining ability, obvious heterosis of hybrid combinations, high rice yield, excellent adaptability, good resistance to rice blast, super grain quality and so on good characteristics can explain the reason for the large produce area of Minghui77.
Successful breeding and application of the restorer line Minghui77 had changed a relatively single situation and played the role in the renewal of the early maturing restorer line application in China. Up to 2010, there were 11 combinations of hybrid rice approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee, which were bred from Minghui77. And three of them were approved by the national authorities in China. The statistics indicated that the total planting area of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui77 was 7.4467 million hectares, and the output of rice was increased by 3.6 billion kilograms. Furthermore, Minghui77 was an important backbone parent to breed early maturing restorer lines. Up to 2011, 24 new restorer lines were successfully bred from Minghui77 as the main parent in China. 34 combinations of hybrid rice with these new restorer lines were approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee. The total planting area of them was 504 thousand hectares in China from 2005 to 2010, and the output of rice was increased by 107.32 million kilograms. Finally, the author discussed the reason that Minghui77 was widely utilized. The strong restoring ability, broad restoring spectrum, high combining ability, obvious heterosis of hybrid combinations, high rice yield, excellent adaptability, good resistance to rice blast, super grain quality and so on good characteristics can explain the reason for the large produce area of Minghui77.
2012, 27(7): 780-786.
Abstract:
Protection,exploitation and application of the bast-fiber resources depends on full understanding and mastery of the gene pools of quantitative genetic variation, distribution and their evolutionary relationships. Molecular marker technique is not influenced by environmental factors and can test DNA from any growth stage, thus it has become a modern scientific research tool which can make up for the shortcomings of those quite limiting traditional methods. Currently, our knowledge about genetics of bast-fiber crop is very limited, but it is important for breeding these plants.A Highly saturated genetic linkage map would provide a solid basis for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, positional gene cloning, comparative genomics studies and marker-assisted selection. In this article, we've given a systematic description of application of the molecular marker techniques,on genetic linkage map construction, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection of kenaf, jute, flax, ramie, hemp and sisal.
Protection,exploitation and application of the bast-fiber resources depends on full understanding and mastery of the gene pools of quantitative genetic variation, distribution and their evolutionary relationships. Molecular marker technique is not influenced by environmental factors and can test DNA from any growth stage, thus it has become a modern scientific research tool which can make up for the shortcomings of those quite limiting traditional methods. Currently, our knowledge about genetics of bast-fiber crop is very limited, but it is important for breeding these plants.A Highly saturated genetic linkage map would provide a solid basis for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, positional gene cloning, comparative genomics studies and marker-assisted selection. In this article, we've given a systematic description of application of the molecular marker techniques,on genetic linkage map construction, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection of kenaf, jute, flax, ramie, hemp and sisal.
