2014 Vol. 29, No. 1
Display Method:
2014, 29(1): 1-4.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.001
Abstract:
To investigate avian Tembusu virus infection in chickens,2 300sera samples were collected from highland laying hens and reserve hens in Fujian,Jiangxi,Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces during Dec.2010to Sep.2013. The antibodies were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay(ELISA).The results showed that the samples of laying hens had higher seropositive rate(43.4%)than that of reserve hens(19.9%).For laying hens, specimens from Fujian province had the highest seropositivity(60.7%),and for reserve hens the specimens from Guangdong province had the highest seropositivity(37.2%).The antibodies for avian Tembusu virus were detected from serum samples in all four provinces with different antibody positive rate,and the samples of laying hens had higher seropositive rate than reserve hens.The serological investigation indicated that different degrees of avian Tembusu virus infection existed in all these regions,providing the scientific basis for preventing avian tembusu virus infection in chickens in these regions and even in China.
To investigate avian Tembusu virus infection in chickens,2 300sera samples were collected from highland laying hens and reserve hens in Fujian,Jiangxi,Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces during Dec.2010to Sep.2013. The antibodies were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay(ELISA).The results showed that the samples of laying hens had higher seropositive rate(43.4%)than that of reserve hens(19.9%).For laying hens, specimens from Fujian province had the highest seropositivity(60.7%),and for reserve hens the specimens from Guangdong province had the highest seropositivity(37.2%).The antibodies for avian Tembusu virus were detected from serum samples in all four provinces with different antibody positive rate,and the samples of laying hens had higher seropositive rate than reserve hens.The serological investigation indicated that different degrees of avian Tembusu virus infection existed in all these regions,providing the scientific basis for preventing avian tembusu virus infection in chickens in these regions and even in China.
2014, 29(1): 5-7.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.002
Abstract:
To determine antibody response in the serum of muscovy ducks immunized with muscovy duck reovirusis(MDRV)alive vaccine,the fluctuation of antibody titers was detected in the serum by fixed virus-serum dilutions method.The results showed that some muscovy ducks turned positive on antibody against MDRV after vaccination in 28th day,while all of them appeared to be MDRV-antibody positive within 35days;the peak titer of the antibody showed at the 6th month after vaccination,and the period of effective immunization could last over 18months.The results told that there was a long delay between MDRV vaccination and antibody origin,while the duration of antibody production was relatively long,which provided scientific basis for immune procedure development.
To determine antibody response in the serum of muscovy ducks immunized with muscovy duck reovirusis(MDRV)alive vaccine,the fluctuation of antibody titers was detected in the serum by fixed virus-serum dilutions method.The results showed that some muscovy ducks turned positive on antibody against MDRV after vaccination in 28th day,while all of them appeared to be MDRV-antibody positive within 35days;the peak titer of the antibody showed at the 6th month after vaccination,and the period of effective immunization could last over 18months.The results told that there was a long delay between MDRV vaccination and antibody origin,while the duration of antibody production was relatively long,which provided scientific basis for immune procedure development.
2014, 29(1): 8-11.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.003
Abstract:
Two pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized according to the 16SrRNA and Surface immunogenic protein(sip)gene sequence of tilapia Stretococcus agalactiae,and a double-PCR method for rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia was established through optimization of reaction system and reaction condition,by which two specific fragments for S.agalactiae of 1 305bp and 121bp were producted. Specificity test showed that two specific bands,16SrRNA and sip,could only be detected in the S.agalactiae, and none was amplified from Streptococcus inia.The minimum detectable quantity of the S.agalactiae strains 070717LL was 1.05×102 CFU.In the tissues from spleen,brain and kidney of tilapias affected by the S.agalactiae strain 070717LL the strains DNA were detected,especially in kidney and spleen tissues.In conclusion,this double-PCR method was specific,sensitive rapid,and applicable for epidemiological investigation of S.agalactiaein tilapia.
Two pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized according to the 16SrRNA and Surface immunogenic protein(sip)gene sequence of tilapia Stretococcus agalactiae,and a double-PCR method for rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia was established through optimization of reaction system and reaction condition,by which two specific fragments for S.agalactiae of 1 305bp and 121bp were producted. Specificity test showed that two specific bands,16SrRNA and sip,could only be detected in the S.agalactiae, and none was amplified from Streptococcus inia.The minimum detectable quantity of the S.agalactiae strains 070717LL was 1.05×102 CFU.In the tissues from spleen,brain and kidney of tilapias affected by the S.agalactiae strain 070717LL the strains DNA were detected,especially in kidney and spleen tissues.In conclusion,this double-PCR method was specific,sensitive rapid,and applicable for epidemiological investigation of S.agalactiaein tilapia.
2014, 29(1): 12-16.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.004
Abstract:
216 healthy Tilapia were randomly divided into six groups,and three replication were set within each group;the feed additives for the groups were broad bean alcohol extracts(No.1),broad bean ester extracts(No.2),broad bean acetone extracts(No.3),soy isoflavone(No.4),soy asaponin(No.5)and blank(No.6,basic diets as control) respectively.After 60days feeding with the experimental diets,effects of different feed additives on growth,feed conversion ratio and muscle quality of Tilapia were examined.The results showed no significant effect on growth performance(P>0.05),while the muscle quality analysis indicated that in the case of group 1and group 5,water content and protein content decreased and ash content increased slightly(P>0.05);but lipid content,collagen content and length of myofibril increased obviously(P<0.05),and drip loss decreased significantly(P<0.05).In conclusion,broad bean alcohol extracts and soy asaponin feed both embrittled the Tilapia muscle,and probably the asaponin ingredient from broad bean alcohol extracts played an important role in embrittlement.
216 healthy Tilapia were randomly divided into six groups,and three replication were set within each group;the feed additives for the groups were broad bean alcohol extracts(No.1),broad bean ester extracts(No.2),broad bean acetone extracts(No.3),soy isoflavone(No.4),soy asaponin(No.5)and blank(No.6,basic diets as control) respectively.After 60days feeding with the experimental diets,effects of different feed additives on growth,feed conversion ratio and muscle quality of Tilapia were examined.The results showed no significant effect on growth performance(P>0.05),while the muscle quality analysis indicated that in the case of group 1and group 5,water content and protein content decreased and ash content increased slightly(P>0.05);but lipid content,collagen content and length of myofibril increased obviously(P<0.05),and drip loss decreased significantly(P<0.05).In conclusion,broad bean alcohol extracts and soy asaponin feed both embrittled the Tilapia muscle,and probably the asaponin ingredient from broad bean alcohol extracts played an important role in embrittlement.
2014, 29(1): 17-24.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.005
Abstract:
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of additives on quality of rice straw silage with conventional and low moisture,which would provide theoretical basis for producing high quality of rice straw silage.Six treatment groups which added fermented green juice(FGJ),glucose(GLU),cellulose(CEL),xylanase(XYL),compound enzyme(CEL+XYL,MIX)respectively and control groups(CON)were set up with conventional moisture(MC1)and low moisture(MC2)of rice straw silage.Each treatment was repeated 3times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature and opened 60days later.The fermentation quality and the chemical composition were analyzed.The results showed:①In the MC2silages,pH,DMR(dry matter reclaim)and WSC(water soluble carbohydrate)extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and LA(lactic acid),AA(acetic acid)and AN(ammonia nitrogen)significantly decreased comparing with the MC1silages(P<0.05,P<0.01).②In the MC1silages,pH of FGJ,GLU and CEL significantly decreased(P< 0.05,P<0.01),WSC increased among those treatments except the XYL group(P<0.05,P<0.01),AN significantly decreased among those treatments except the CEL group(P<0.01),GLR(gas loss rate)of GLU significantly decreased comparing with the CON group(P<0.01).In the MC2silages,pH of all other five additive treatments significantly decreased(P<0.01),DMR and WSC of FGJ and GLU increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),AN of FGJ,GLU and CEL decreased comparing with the CON group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The results showed that the MC2silages had higher quality than the MC1silages.In the MC1silages and the MC2silages,all five additive treatments had significantly improve the quality of silages,especially the addition of GLU had the better effect both in conventional and low moisture ensiling.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of additives on quality of rice straw silage with conventional and low moisture,which would provide theoretical basis for producing high quality of rice straw silage.Six treatment groups which added fermented green juice(FGJ),glucose(GLU),cellulose(CEL),xylanase(XYL),compound enzyme(CEL+XYL,MIX)respectively and control groups(CON)were set up with conventional moisture(MC1)and low moisture(MC2)of rice straw silage.Each treatment was repeated 3times.The materials were ensiled at room temperature and opened 60days later.The fermentation quality and the chemical composition were analyzed.The results showed:①In the MC2silages,pH,DMR(dry matter reclaim)and WSC(water soluble carbohydrate)extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and LA(lactic acid),AA(acetic acid)and AN(ammonia nitrogen)significantly decreased comparing with the MC1silages(P<0.05,P<0.01).②In the MC1silages,pH of FGJ,GLU and CEL significantly decreased(P< 0.05,P<0.01),WSC increased among those treatments except the XYL group(P<0.05,P<0.01),AN significantly decreased among those treatments except the CEL group(P<0.01),GLR(gas loss rate)of GLU significantly decreased comparing with the CON group(P<0.01).In the MC2silages,pH of all other five additive treatments significantly decreased(P<0.01),DMR and WSC of FGJ and GLU increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),AN of FGJ,GLU and CEL decreased comparing with the CON group(P<0.05,P<0.01).The results showed that the MC2silages had higher quality than the MC1silages.In the MC1silages and the MC2silages,all five additive treatments had significantly improve the quality of silages,especially the addition of GLU had the better effect both in conventional and low moisture ensiling.
2014, 29(1): 25-28.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.006
Abstract:
The flight performance(speed and duration)of adult alligator flea beetle(Agasicles hyraphila)was studied by applying the flight mill.Our results showed that there is only a short period(<3min)flight for a large proportion of female and male individuals tested.In contrast,a small proportion of adults(3%of females and 1%of males)had capacity for long-distance flight(>3min).Meanwhile,the flight duration of female adults was longer than that of males and the longest was recorded at 1.51hby a male adults.Furthermore,the average speed of female and male was 23.07cm·s-1 and 27.72cm·s-1 respectively.Our results indicate that the flight speed of males is faster.
The flight performance(speed and duration)of adult alligator flea beetle(Agasicles hyraphila)was studied by applying the flight mill.Our results showed that there is only a short period(<3min)flight for a large proportion of female and male individuals tested.In contrast,a small proportion of adults(3%of females and 1%of males)had capacity for long-distance flight(>3min).Meanwhile,the flight duration of female adults was longer than that of males and the longest was recorded at 1.51hby a male adults.Furthermore,the average speed of female and male was 23.07cm·s-1 and 27.72cm·s-1 respectively.Our results indicate that the flight speed of males is faster.
2014, 29(1): 29-34.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.007
Abstract:
A lesion mimic and senescence mutant,designated as lms1,was isolated from the tissue culture progeny of indica rice restorer line Minghui-86.lms1plants started to appear small brown spots on the leaves in elongation stage,and the spots gradually spreaded to whole leaves and sheaths.With the growth of the plants to heading stage,lms1displayed a senescent phenotype,whereas leaves,stems,and panicles dried obviously,resulting in whole plants′death.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of pathogenesis-related genes PBZ1and PAL1 was induced in lms1leaf tissues.Genetic analysis suggested that the loci for the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.F2and F3 populations derived from a cross between 9311and lms1 were used for gene mapping,and the lms1locus was mapped close to the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 11.
A lesion mimic and senescence mutant,designated as lms1,was isolated from the tissue culture progeny of indica rice restorer line Minghui-86.lms1plants started to appear small brown spots on the leaves in elongation stage,and the spots gradually spreaded to whole leaves and sheaths.With the growth of the plants to heading stage,lms1displayed a senescent phenotype,whereas leaves,stems,and panicles dried obviously,resulting in whole plants′death.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of pathogenesis-related genes PBZ1and PAL1 was induced in lms1leaf tissues.Genetic analysis suggested that the loci for the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.F2and F3 populations derived from a cross between 9311and lms1 were used for gene mapping,and the lms1locus was mapped close to the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 11.
2014, 29(1): 35-39.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.008
Abstract:
Degenerate primers based on conserved sequences of the nucleotide binding site and 1eucine rich repeats(NBS-LRR)region from the cloned plant disease resistance genes were used to isolate resistance gene analogues(RGAs)from genomic DNA of Vigna radiata.The desired band(515bp)was cloned and sequenced.The band was named FGV-1and had been submitted to Genbank(accession number KF021265).Blastx analys showed highly homology with the reported resistance gene analogues Glycine max,Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris. The analysis of RGAs amino acid sequence structures suggested that FGV-1 was the core region of NBS-LRR resistance genes in Vigna radiata,which contained four conserved domains including GMGGVGKTT,LILDDVD, GSRVIVTTRD and GLPLAL.The RGAs isolated fromVigna radiata used in this study would provide the base for the further cloning of disease-resistance genes in Vigna radiata,and provide reference for the origin and evolution of Vigna radiata.
Degenerate primers based on conserved sequences of the nucleotide binding site and 1eucine rich repeats(NBS-LRR)region from the cloned plant disease resistance genes were used to isolate resistance gene analogues(RGAs)from genomic DNA of Vigna radiata.The desired band(515bp)was cloned and sequenced.The band was named FGV-1and had been submitted to Genbank(accession number KF021265).Blastx analys showed highly homology with the reported resistance gene analogues Glycine max,Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris. The analysis of RGAs amino acid sequence structures suggested that FGV-1 was the core region of NBS-LRR resistance genes in Vigna radiata,which contained four conserved domains including GMGGVGKTT,LILDDVD, GSRVIVTTRD and GLPLAL.The RGAs isolated fromVigna radiata used in this study would provide the base for the further cloning of disease-resistance genes in Vigna radiata,and provide reference for the origin and evolution of Vigna radiata.
2014, 29(1): 40-46.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.009
Abstract:
In order to screen out the optimal concentrations of various components,the best annealing temperature and the best cycle times,we took an optimization experiment of 20μL SRAP-PCR amplification system with single factor design which focused on the concentrated of Mg 2+,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase,primer,template DNA and the amplification procedures of annealing temperature and cycle times by using the Squash ‘Miben'as the material of filter system.Experimental results showed the optimal 20μL SRAP amplification of Squash contained 0.2mmol·L-1 dNTP,1.5U Taq DNA polymerase,80ng template DNA,0.16μmol·L-1 single primer,1.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,2μL 10×Buffer.And the best amplification procedure was pre-denaturation at 94℃for 5min. Next by 5cycles of denaturation at 94℃for 1min,anneal at 35℃for 1min and the extension at 72℃for 1min then 35cycles of 94℃for 1 min,52℃for 1 min and 72℃for 1 min and a final extension at 72℃ for 10min.The amplification system and the amplification procedures were tested by using 17variaties of Squash.The test results showed the amplification products which were clear and bright,abundant polymorphism,strong specificity and good repeatability.Accordingly,it was suitable for SRAP analysis of Squash.
In order to screen out the optimal concentrations of various components,the best annealing temperature and the best cycle times,we took an optimization experiment of 20μL SRAP-PCR amplification system with single factor design which focused on the concentrated of Mg 2+,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase,primer,template DNA and the amplification procedures of annealing temperature and cycle times by using the Squash ‘Miben'as the material of filter system.Experimental results showed the optimal 20μL SRAP amplification of Squash contained 0.2mmol·L-1 dNTP,1.5U Taq DNA polymerase,80ng template DNA,0.16μmol·L-1 single primer,1.5 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,2μL 10×Buffer.And the best amplification procedure was pre-denaturation at 94℃for 5min. Next by 5cycles of denaturation at 94℃for 1min,anneal at 35℃for 1min and the extension at 72℃for 1min then 35cycles of 94℃for 1 min,52℃for 1 min and 72℃for 1 min and a final extension at 72℃ for 10min.The amplification system and the amplification procedures were tested by using 17variaties of Squash.The test results showed the amplification products which were clear and bright,abundant polymorphism,strong specificity and good repeatability.Accordingly,it was suitable for SRAP analysis of Squash.
2014, 29(1): 47-51.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.010
Abstract:
The effects of planting density and different NPK on the yield of Quandou 7were studied by the design of orthogonal rotational regression combinatorial design.The results showed that the order of affecting yield of Quandou 7was nitrogenous fertilizer>phosphate fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>planting density.The optimal cultural methods for yields above 2 147.25kg·hm2 was as followed:planting density was(3.548-3.782)×105 plants,nitrogenous fertilizer was 79.02-88.71kg·hm-2,phosphate fertilizer was 438.75-484.5kg·hm-2 and potassium fertilizer was 64.17-75.27kg·hm-2.
The effects of planting density and different NPK on the yield of Quandou 7were studied by the design of orthogonal rotational regression combinatorial design.The results showed that the order of affecting yield of Quandou 7was nitrogenous fertilizer>phosphate fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>planting density.The optimal cultural methods for yields above 2 147.25kg·hm2 was as followed:planting density was(3.548-3.782)×105 plants,nitrogenous fertilizer was 79.02-88.71kg·hm-2,phosphate fertilizer was 438.75-484.5kg·hm-2 and potassium fertilizer was 64.17-75.27kg·hm-2.
2014, 29(1): 52-56.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.011
Abstract:
The lemon tree at prosperous fruit stage was used as material to study fruit growth,yield and quality during the growing process of lemon under different soil water treatments.The results showed that different soil moisture had significant effects on lemon fruit.Both the fruit longitudinal diameter and the fruit transverse diameter were increased when the water content in the soil increasing,and the increment of fruit transverse diameter was higher than that of fruit longitudinal diameter.The longitudinal diameter of T2and T3had significantly positive relations with fruit shape index in the last stage(135-165d)of fruits.Different water treatments had significant effects on single fruit weight and yield,and T3had the highest yield(48 708.20kg·hm-2),and T1treatment(32 815.20kg·hm-2)was the lowest.The highest economic benefit of lemon fruit was T3(195 000yuan·hm-2), which was 2.13times of T1,the lowest one.On the contrary,high soil moisture(T3)had low juice yield,Vc content and soluble solids.Moderate soil moisture(T2)was suggested to be the most beneficial for the fruit growth and high yield of lemon.The optimized lemon fruit yield,quality were achieved at SWC 80%-85%at the beginning and middle stage of fruit growth,and SWC 70%-75%in the fruit maturation period.
The lemon tree at prosperous fruit stage was used as material to study fruit growth,yield and quality during the growing process of lemon under different soil water treatments.The results showed that different soil moisture had significant effects on lemon fruit.Both the fruit longitudinal diameter and the fruit transverse diameter were increased when the water content in the soil increasing,and the increment of fruit transverse diameter was higher than that of fruit longitudinal diameter.The longitudinal diameter of T2and T3had significantly positive relations with fruit shape index in the last stage(135-165d)of fruits.Different water treatments had significant effects on single fruit weight and yield,and T3had the highest yield(48 708.20kg·hm-2),and T1treatment(32 815.20kg·hm-2)was the lowest.The highest economic benefit of lemon fruit was T3(195 000yuan·hm-2), which was 2.13times of T1,the lowest one.On the contrary,high soil moisture(T3)had low juice yield,Vc content and soluble solids.Moderate soil moisture(T2)was suggested to be the most beneficial for the fruit growth and high yield of lemon.The optimized lemon fruit yield,quality were achieved at SWC 80%-85%at the beginning and middle stage of fruit growth,and SWC 70%-75%in the fruit maturation period.
2014, 29(1): 57-61.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.012
Abstract:
To study the effects of pinching off growing-tip on growing of lemon grafted seedlings,grafted seedlings of one year on trifoliate were transplanted,and after three months,treated by natural growing,pinching growingtip off at stubble height 0,0.5and 1.0cm,respectively.The results showed that,comparing with natural growing and pinching off growing-tip at stubble height 0.0cm,the effect of pinching off growing-tip at stubble height 1.0 cm was the best on the number of second branches and the base width of grafted seedlings;the height of the grafted seedlings reached outplanting standards.The result also showed that by cutting off the growing-tip at any stubble height were all benefit to the grafted seedlings in increasing the quantity and regularity of branches sprouted and promoting the thickness of axial shoot,but the average length of branches was inhibited.
To study the effects of pinching off growing-tip on growing of lemon grafted seedlings,grafted seedlings of one year on trifoliate were transplanted,and after three months,treated by natural growing,pinching growingtip off at stubble height 0,0.5and 1.0cm,respectively.The results showed that,comparing with natural growing and pinching off growing-tip at stubble height 0.0cm,the effect of pinching off growing-tip at stubble height 1.0 cm was the best on the number of second branches and the base width of grafted seedlings;the height of the grafted seedlings reached outplanting standards.The result also showed that by cutting off the growing-tip at any stubble height were all benefit to the grafted seedlings in increasing the quantity and regularity of branches sprouted and promoting the thickness of axial shoot,but the average length of branches was inhibited.
2014, 29(1): 62-66.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.013
Abstract:
Study some properties of bromelain by measuring best absorption peak,concentration and size of bromelain,infrared spectroscopic analysis and determination of enzyme activity.The results showed that bromelain has thermal stability,and its size is about 28.8kD,and the optimum temperature is 60℃,the optimum pH is 7.5. Additional Fe2+can increase the activity,low concentration of Zn2 +,Cu2 +can promote the activity and high concentration of them can inhibit the activity.The result also showed that NaCl has a protective effect and KCl had little effect on the enzyme activity,while MgSO4·7H2O and CaCl2could inhibit the activity.The bromelain activity tended to decrease with the extension of treatment time of pepsin on pH 2.5and 3.2.Among them,pepsin on pH2.5has greater impact on the activity of bromelain.In simulated pig gastric conditions,pepsin on pH2.5has greater effect on the activity of bromelain.
Study some properties of bromelain by measuring best absorption peak,concentration and size of bromelain,infrared spectroscopic analysis and determination of enzyme activity.The results showed that bromelain has thermal stability,and its size is about 28.8kD,and the optimum temperature is 60℃,the optimum pH is 7.5. Additional Fe2+can increase the activity,low concentration of Zn2 +,Cu2 +can promote the activity and high concentration of them can inhibit the activity.The result also showed that NaCl has a protective effect and KCl had little effect on the enzyme activity,while MgSO4·7H2O and CaCl2could inhibit the activity.The bromelain activity tended to decrease with the extension of treatment time of pepsin on pH 2.5and 3.2.Among them,pepsin on pH2.5has greater impact on the activity of bromelain.In simulated pig gastric conditions,pepsin on pH2.5has greater effect on the activity of bromelain.
2014, 29(1): 67-71.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.014
Abstract:
In this paper,response surface methodology was applied to optimize resin decoloration technology of Sparassis crispapolysaccharide by type HZ-830.On the basis of single factor test,the mathematical regression model was established about the dependent variable(decolorization rate)and independent variables(decoloration temperature,pH,decoloration time).The results showed that the optimum decolorizing conditions of Sparassis crispapolysaccharide by resin HZ-830 were as follows:decolorizing temperature 41℃,pH8,decolorizing time 3.5h.Under this condition,the decolorizing rate could reach 87.73%.
In this paper,response surface methodology was applied to optimize resin decoloration technology of Sparassis crispapolysaccharide by type HZ-830.On the basis of single factor test,the mathematical regression model was established about the dependent variable(decolorization rate)and independent variables(decoloration temperature,pH,decoloration time).The results showed that the optimum decolorizing conditions of Sparassis crispapolysaccharide by resin HZ-830 were as follows:decolorizing temperature 41℃,pH8,decolorizing time 3.5h.Under this condition,the decolorizing rate could reach 87.73%.
2014, 29(1): 72-77.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.015
Abstract:
In recent years,the pitaya is widely cultivated in Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi and other regions.Pitaya flower is large and smell fragrant.Besides some edible,its potential has not been developed.On the basis of single factor experiment,this paper applied the response surface method to study the effects on the yield by the various factors including different shatter degrees,reagent,temperature and process time,and further optimized the extraction technology of the pitaya flower essential oils:smash degree reached 100meshes,temperature 65℃,time of 3h,reagent of n-hexane.The yield of pitaya flower essential oil was up to 5.242%.
In recent years,the pitaya is widely cultivated in Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi and other regions.Pitaya flower is large and smell fragrant.Besides some edible,its potential has not been developed.On the basis of single factor experiment,this paper applied the response surface method to study the effects on the yield by the various factors including different shatter degrees,reagent,temperature and process time,and further optimized the extraction technology of the pitaya flower essential oils:smash degree reached 100meshes,temperature 65℃,time of 3h,reagent of n-hexane.The yield of pitaya flower essential oil was up to 5.242%.
2014, 29(1): 78-81.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.016
Abstract:
In this paper,pectin was extracted from pineapple peel using Ammonium oxalate method assisted by ultrasonic, four factors such as Ammonium oxalate concentration,precipitation agent pH value,extracting solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature which effect on pectin extraction yield was investigated separately.Orthogonal test was utilized on the basis of results of single-factor test.Through comparing R and K value,it could be concluded that precipitation agent pH value had great influence on pectin extraction yield.The best experiment scheme was reached that precipitation agent pH value was 3.5,Ammonium oxalate concentration 7g·L-1,extraction temperature 75℃ and extracting solid-liquid ratio 1∶30.The pectin exacting yield could reach 7.32%.FT-IR spectroscopy of pineapple rind pectin suggested that absorption peak on 1 051cm-1 was caused by acetyl groups and peaks density contrast on 620cm-1 and 1 749cm-1 indicated that pineapple peel pectin was a low ester pectin.
In this paper,pectin was extracted from pineapple peel using Ammonium oxalate method assisted by ultrasonic, four factors such as Ammonium oxalate concentration,precipitation agent pH value,extracting solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature which effect on pectin extraction yield was investigated separately.Orthogonal test was utilized on the basis of results of single-factor test.Through comparing R and K value,it could be concluded that precipitation agent pH value had great influence on pectin extraction yield.The best experiment scheme was reached that precipitation agent pH value was 3.5,Ammonium oxalate concentration 7g·L-1,extraction temperature 75℃ and extracting solid-liquid ratio 1∶30.The pectin exacting yield could reach 7.32%.FT-IR spectroscopy of pineapple rind pectin suggested that absorption peak on 1 051cm-1 was caused by acetyl groups and peaks density contrast on 620cm-1 and 1 749cm-1 indicated that pineapple peel pectin was a low ester pectin.
2014, 29(1): 82-87.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.017
Abstract:
Five regular tests on 2,435plough layer soil samples from the paddy fields in Yongchun County,as well as the total N,P and K and available Ca,Mg,S,Zn and B in 400soil samples,were conducted and data collected for the analysis.The changes in nearly 30years on the soil's fertility and characteristic indices were evaluated.In reference to the provincial grading system,the paddy soils were acidic,the organic matters on average in the medium to high level,and the N and K supplies in the medium to low level,the available P rich,Mg and S in the medium to low level,the effective boron short or severely low,and the exchangeable calcium and zinc generally abundant.The contents of organic matters and total N have increased 27.9% and 32.1%,respectively,and the available P increased 4.1times since the Second Soil Survey.The paddy soils showed different degrees of acidification with a pH decreased from 5.4to 5.0on average.The information could be used as a guideline for appropriate fertilization in Yongchun County.
Five regular tests on 2,435plough layer soil samples from the paddy fields in Yongchun County,as well as the total N,P and K and available Ca,Mg,S,Zn and B in 400soil samples,were conducted and data collected for the analysis.The changes in nearly 30years on the soil's fertility and characteristic indices were evaluated.In reference to the provincial grading system,the paddy soils were acidic,the organic matters on average in the medium to high level,and the N and K supplies in the medium to low level,the available P rich,Mg and S in the medium to low level,the effective boron short or severely low,and the exchangeable calcium and zinc generally abundant.The contents of organic matters and total N have increased 27.9% and 32.1%,respectively,and the available P increased 4.1times since the Second Soil Survey.The paddy soils showed different degrees of acidification with a pH decreased from 5.4to 5.0on average.The information could be used as a guideline for appropriate fertilization in Yongchun County.
2014, 29(1): 88-93.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.018
Abstract:
According to the data on water quality monitoring of seawater in Xiamen Bay in August 2010,this paper illustrated the variation trend of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and their mutual relations,and discussed the eutrophication degree of the sea in Xiamen Bay.The results show that the distribution trend of surface COD,DIN and PO4-P is roughly progressively decreasing from western sea of Xiamen,Maluan Bay and Jiulong River Estuary to outside the bay;Correlation analysis showed that the main source of COD,DIN and PO4-P in the investigated sea was the input of nutrients from land-based emissions along the coast of Xiamen Bay and Jiulong River;The sources of COD,PO4-P and NH4-N might be the same,which had similar biogeochemical process.While the main source of NO3-N might be Jiulong River.The variation range of N/P value of Xiamen Bay was 2.26~117.30,and the values of N/P in most areas of Jiulong River Estuary,southeastern sea and Dadeng sea area were greater than 16. According to the N/P value,the structure of nutrients was phosphorus-restricted,while the north of western sea area,Tongan Bay and Maluan Bay belonged to nitrogen-restricted sea areas.The range of the eutrophication index of the sea area in Xiamen Bay(E)was 0.013~118.168,while the eutrophication indexs of Maluan Bay,the north of western sea and the sea near Gaoji Seawall were higher.
According to the data on water quality monitoring of seawater in Xiamen Bay in August 2010,this paper illustrated the variation trend of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and their mutual relations,and discussed the eutrophication degree of the sea in Xiamen Bay.The results show that the distribution trend of surface COD,DIN and PO4-P is roughly progressively decreasing from western sea of Xiamen,Maluan Bay and Jiulong River Estuary to outside the bay;Correlation analysis showed that the main source of COD,DIN and PO4-P in the investigated sea was the input of nutrients from land-based emissions along the coast of Xiamen Bay and Jiulong River;The sources of COD,PO4-P and NH4-N might be the same,which had similar biogeochemical process.While the main source of NO3-N might be Jiulong River.The variation range of N/P value of Xiamen Bay was 2.26~117.30,and the values of N/P in most areas of Jiulong River Estuary,southeastern sea and Dadeng sea area were greater than 16. According to the N/P value,the structure of nutrients was phosphorus-restricted,while the north of western sea area,Tongan Bay and Maluan Bay belonged to nitrogen-restricted sea areas.The range of the eutrophication index of the sea area in Xiamen Bay(E)was 0.013~118.168,while the eutrophication indexs of Maluan Bay,the north of western sea and the sea near Gaoji Seawall were higher.
2014, 29(1): 94-98.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.019
Abstract:
According to quality and safety issues for the mushroom industry,combined with cloud platforms,twodimensional code recognition technology,mobile internet and other modern information technologies,the cloud platform of mushroom quality traceability was constructed based on the Mushroom GAP and other mushroom production safety-related technical regulations.In this paper,the platform′s main framework and operational processes was described,and then the module functions,business logic,coding rules were elaborated.
According to quality and safety issues for the mushroom industry,combined with cloud platforms,twodimensional code recognition technology,mobile internet and other modern information technologies,the cloud platform of mushroom quality traceability was constructed based on the Mushroom GAP and other mushroom production safety-related technical regulations.In this paper,the platform′s main framework and operational processes was described,and then the module functions,business logic,coding rules were elaborated.
2014, 29(1): 99-104.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.01.020
Abstract:
Antimicrobial peptides are generally called peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in organism and it is an important part of the innate immune system in plants and animals.Previous studies have showed that antimicrobial peptides have broad application prospects in agriculture,medicine,food and other fields.In the present study,the origin,classification,structural characteristics of antimicrobial peptides and possible mechanism to important plant disease control such as citrus Huanglongbing were reviewed.In the end,the application prospects and problems were discussed.
Antimicrobial peptides are generally called peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in organism and it is an important part of the innate immune system in plants and animals.Previous studies have showed that antimicrobial peptides have broad application prospects in agriculture,medicine,food and other fields.In the present study,the origin,classification,structural characteristics of antimicrobial peptides and possible mechanism to important plant disease control such as citrus Huanglongbing were reviewed.In the end,the application prospects and problems were discussed.
