1994 Vol. 9, No. 2
Display Method:
1994, 9(2): 1-7.
Abstract:
Multi-subject agricultural sciences were employed in studing on climatic resources,crop types and typical patterns in developing the winter-agriculture in Fujian(WADF).1.According to the utili-zing duration,it can be divided into 3 types i.e. fully-utilizing type,partly-utilizing type and excessively-utilizing type;and based on crop-planting site,divided into 3 cultural types i.e. fiele-growing type,indoor-culturing type and field simply-installing type. 2.Fujian is rich in climatic resource for developing the winter-agriculture,The accumulated temperature above 0℃,solar emergy and rainfall in Fuzhou area from Nov.to Apr. are 35.2%,39.7% and 34.3% of the whole year respectively,and88.8%,67.1%and 104.9%to compare with that of Haerbin City from May to Sep. separately. 3.The crops adapted to the WADF were 134 species,among which 7 belong to foodand oil crops,3 to economic crops,32 to vegttables,7 to forage and green manure,6 to herb medicine crops,6 to edible fungi and 73 to flower crops.4.Six kind of typical patterns of WADF in the various climatic zones were introduced in the end of this paper.
Multi-subject agricultural sciences were employed in studing on climatic resources,crop types and typical patterns in developing the winter-agriculture in Fujian(WADF).1.According to the utili-zing duration,it can be divided into 3 types i.e. fully-utilizing type,partly-utilizing type and excessively-utilizing type;and based on crop-planting site,divided into 3 cultural types i.e. fiele-growing type,indoor-culturing type and field simply-installing type. 2.Fujian is rich in climatic resource for developing the winter-agriculture,The accumulated temperature above 0℃,solar emergy and rainfall in Fuzhou area from Nov.to Apr. are 35.2%,39.7% and 34.3% of the whole year respectively,and88.8%,67.1%and 104.9%to compare with that of Haerbin City from May to Sep. separately. 3.The crops adapted to the WADF were 134 species,among which 7 belong to foodand oil crops,3 to economic crops,32 to vegttables,7 to forage and green manure,6 to herb medicine crops,6 to edible fungi and 73 to flower crops.4.Six kind of typical patterns of WADF in the various climatic zones were introduced in the end of this paper.
1994, 9(2): 8-12.
Abstract:
The plot experiments and large-area demonstration in three years indicated that the practices of developing animal husbandry and applying organic manure could increase the organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil.The optimum fertilization for rice and formula fertilization for sweet potato and wheat and adjusting the proportion of N,P,K changed the situation of nitrogen,which was over-ap-plied for crop production,and that of potasium was deficient fo a great extent,thus raised N-utilizing efficiency,increased yield and saved fertilizer cost.The optimum utilization of plant nutrient elements enabled the increase of crop yields of wheat,rice,peanut and soybean.
The plot experiments and large-area demonstration in three years indicated that the practices of developing animal husbandry and applying organic manure could increase the organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil.The optimum fertilization for rice and formula fertilization for sweet potato and wheat and adjusting the proportion of N,P,K changed the situation of nitrogen,which was over-ap-plied for crop production,and that of potasium was deficient fo a great extent,thus raised N-utilizing efficiency,increased yield and saved fertilizer cost.The optimum utilization of plant nutrient elements enabled the increase of crop yields of wheat,rice,peanut and soybean.
1994, 9(2): 13-20.
Abstract:
A continuous 5-year demonstration in large area showed that,the annual fish product in artifi-cial biosphere of paddy field was averaged to 250kg/Mu,grain yield was 4%-6% higher,fertilizer-ap-plying amount decreased 50%-60%,pesticide dosage reduced 50% to compare with conventional crop-ping system,and the economic benefit was obviously higher than the traditional farming system,such as mono-cropping rice,seed-producing for hybrid rice and double cropping rice. The authors considered that,Keypoints for increasing the output and income of New Cropping System were mix-culture of var-ious azolla species,self-multiplication of fingerlings by farmers,standarization of field ditch-pit system and normalization of field-managing practices.The significance of artificial biosphere for improving bio-logical and social benefits was also discussed.
A continuous 5-year demonstration in large area showed that,the annual fish product in artifi-cial biosphere of paddy field was averaged to 250kg/Mu,grain yield was 4%-6% higher,fertilizer-ap-plying amount decreased 50%-60%,pesticide dosage reduced 50% to compare with conventional crop-ping system,and the economic benefit was obviously higher than the traditional farming system,such as mono-cropping rice,seed-producing for hybrid rice and double cropping rice. The authors considered that,Keypoints for increasing the output and income of New Cropping System were mix-culture of var-ious azolla species,self-multiplication of fingerlings by farmers,standarization of field ditch-pit system and normalization of field-managing practices.The significance of artificial biosphere for improving bio-logical and social benefits was also discussed.
1994, 9(2): 21-27.
Abstract:
By using hybrid azolla Rongping No. 1 as paternal,A. microphylla which was the maternal plant of Rongping No. 1 as maternal material for combination,a back-crossed hybrid azolla,MH3-1 has been achieved.It was proved to be a real hybrid azolla by the identification of esterase zymogra-phy.Its heat-tolerant capacity is higher than paret plants and other tested azolla strains;the salt-toler-ant capacity showed the same tendency. Furthermore,it gets good quality,high multiplying speed,and suitable to be cultured in paddy field in late rice season,and utilized for the development of coastal saline soil.The analysed results showed that,MH3-1 increased significantly the activities of its intra-cellular enzymes,including peroxidase and super-oxide dismutase to compare with other azolla strains,which is considered as the physiological basis of cell membrane to protect the back-crossed azolla from the harmness of salt stress.
By using hybrid azolla Rongping No. 1 as paternal,A. microphylla which was the maternal plant of Rongping No. 1 as maternal material for combination,a back-crossed hybrid azolla,MH3-1 has been achieved.It was proved to be a real hybrid azolla by the identification of esterase zymogra-phy.Its heat-tolerant capacity is higher than paret plants and other tested azolla strains;the salt-toler-ant capacity showed the same tendency. Furthermore,it gets good quality,high multiplying speed,and suitable to be cultured in paddy field in late rice season,and utilized for the development of coastal saline soil.The analysed results showed that,MH3-1 increased significantly the activities of its intra-cellular enzymes,including peroxidase and super-oxide dismutase to compare with other azolla strains,which is considered as the physiological basis of cell membrane to protect the back-crossed azolla from the harmness of salt stress.
1994, 9(2): 28-33.
Abstract:
Both high temperature and salt stress resulted in electrolyte leakage from Azolla fronds,and the amount of the leakage was increased with the increase of damaged degree. Under 45℃ high tem-perature,the leakage conductivity showed linar regression with the mortality of Azolla stem apex. In comparison of mortality of stem apex and relative leaking rate L(%)among different Azolla species treated at 41.5℃ in closed and at 45℃ in open water bath,L(%)could reflect the heat tolerance of tested Azolla species. Similarly,under the salt stress,electrolyte leakage accelerated with the incresae of salt concentration,and L(%)also has the same trend to reflect salt tolerance among Azolla species. Under 39℃C,Azolla has no significant accumulation of free proline which also showed on regu-lar variation within the temperature range which is 10℃ higher than the normal.However,in 45℃ water bath,free proline decreased with the prolonging of the treating time. Under the salt stress,free proline accumulated with the increase of salt content,and the more rapid accumulation of one species implied the more suscepitible of the species to salt stress.
Both high temperature and salt stress resulted in electrolyte leakage from Azolla fronds,and the amount of the leakage was increased with the increase of damaged degree. Under 45℃ high tem-perature,the leakage conductivity showed linar regression with the mortality of Azolla stem apex. In comparison of mortality of stem apex and relative leaking rate L(%)among different Azolla species treated at 41.5℃ in closed and at 45℃ in open water bath,L(%)could reflect the heat tolerance of tested Azolla species. Similarly,under the salt stress,electrolyte leakage accelerated with the incresae of salt concentration,and L(%)also has the same trend to reflect salt tolerance among Azolla species. Under 39℃C,Azolla has no significant accumulation of free proline which also showed on regu-lar variation within the temperature range which is 10℃ higher than the normal.However,in 45℃ water bath,free proline decreased with the prolonging of the treating time. Under the salt stress,free proline accumulated with the increase of salt content,and the more rapid accumulation of one species implied the more suscepitible of the species to salt stress.
1994, 9(2): 34-39.
Abstract:
Pot experiments and chemical analysis were conducted to determine an effect of Al stress on growth of soybean crop.The results showed that there was a significant effect of Al stress on the major agronomic characters of soybean in solution.The critical value of Al toxicity for soybean was 12ppm Al in solution.Under the condition of Al stress,there were negative relationship between the Al concentration and intensity of biological oxidation of α-naphthylamine in the root system,and pos-itive relationship between Al concentration and electrical conductivity and potash content in permeable solution in root systerm.The positive relationship between Al concentration and the content of proline in leaves of soybean could also observed,so the content of proline in leaves can be used as a physiological indicator of Al-torelance of soybean crop.
Pot experiments and chemical analysis were conducted to determine an effect of Al stress on growth of soybean crop.The results showed that there was a significant effect of Al stress on the major agronomic characters of soybean in solution.The critical value of Al toxicity for soybean was 12ppm Al in solution.Under the condition of Al stress,there were negative relationship between the Al concentration and intensity of biological oxidation of α-naphthylamine in the root system,and pos-itive relationship between Al concentration and electrical conductivity and potash content in permeable solution in root systerm.The positive relationship between Al concentration and the content of proline in leaves of soybean could also observed,so the content of proline in leaves can be used as a physiological indicator of Al-torelance of soybean crop.
1994, 9(2): 40-45.
Abstract:
This paper compared the difference of some photosynthetic characters and yields in various colony densities of 3 sugarcane cultivars.The results revealed that the mass photosynthetic area,chlorophyll content and dry weight sbowed a significantly positive correlation with colony density and yield.The mass photosynthetic characters and yields of 2-bud seedlings of Fuzhe 8710 at the densities of 3500 and 4000 seedlings/Mu were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The capacities of tillering and population self-regulation of Fuzhe 8710 and Fuzhe 8715 was much stronger than that of M.T.70-611,the appropriate cultural practices are recommended in commercial production.
This paper compared the difference of some photosynthetic characters and yields in various colony densities of 3 sugarcane cultivars.The results revealed that the mass photosynthetic area,chlorophyll content and dry weight sbowed a significantly positive correlation with colony density and yield.The mass photosynthetic characters and yields of 2-bud seedlings of Fuzhe 8710 at the densities of 3500 and 4000 seedlings/Mu were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The capacities of tillering and population self-regulation of Fuzhe 8710 and Fuzhe 8715 was much stronger than that of M.T.70-611,the appropriate cultural practices are recommended in commercial production.
1994, 9(2): 46-50.
Abstract:
The affinity of self-incompatibility in the mustard family affects the purity of hybrid seed and the propagation coefficient of stock plant.The result showed that the different positions of the flower-ing branch caused different affinity index.Generally,the fruiting index of self-crossing was low and sta-ble at the middle and lower branchs of plant and high at the upper branchs. It was also affeted by its nutritional conditions. There were low and stable index in the vigorous plants,otjerwise,it was gigh.Besides,it was affected by the flowering age. The index was high during the bud stage of the flowering,the highest index appeared in 2-4 days before flowering.Afterwards,it reduced gradually to zero in the stage of flower desclinning.
The affinity of self-incompatibility in the mustard family affects the purity of hybrid seed and the propagation coefficient of stock plant.The result showed that the different positions of the flower-ing branch caused different affinity index.Generally,the fruiting index of self-crossing was low and sta-ble at the middle and lower branchs of plant and high at the upper branchs. It was also affeted by its nutritional conditions. There were low and stable index in the vigorous plants,otjerwise,it was gigh.Besides,it was affected by the flowering age. The index was high during the bud stage of the flowering,the highest index appeared in 2-4 days before flowering.Afterwards,it reduced gradually to zero in the stage of flower desclinning.
1994, 9(2): 51-54.
Abstract:
Based on ecological and systematologic principle,a well-recycling ecosystem has been estab-lished via through the anaerobic biogas fermentation using the waste of blological material.In this way,a new energy source in rural area was found,forest resource and vegetation was maintained and the environment was protected from the pollution. Simultaneously,the organic combination of plant cultivation with animal husbandry enabled to receive a comprehensive benefit.The construction of e-cological project in Quantou Village of Fuzhou suburb was demonstrated for 4 years started from 1986,a technological process of multi-grade biogas fermentation was adopted.A model of ecological biogas project has been successfully created.It thus promoted the development of agricultural produc-tion. In 1989,the output value of this village reached 10.6 million Yuans,per capita output value was 18027 Yuans.It become one of the important bases for commercial pig production.
Based on ecological and systematologic principle,a well-recycling ecosystem has been estab-lished via through the anaerobic biogas fermentation using the waste of blological material.In this way,a new energy source in rural area was found,forest resource and vegetation was maintained and the environment was protected from the pollution. Simultaneously,the organic combination of plant cultivation with animal husbandry enabled to receive a comprehensive benefit.The construction of e-cological project in Quantou Village of Fuzhou suburb was demonstrated for 4 years started from 1986,a technological process of multi-grade biogas fermentation was adopted.A model of ecological biogas project has been successfully created.It thus promoted the development of agricultural produc-tion. In 1989,the output value of this village reached 10.6 million Yuans,per capita output value was 18027 Yuans.It become one of the important bases for commercial pig production.
A Primary Report on the Difference among Various lsolated Strains in Same Race of Pyricularia Oryzae
1994, 9(2): 55-57.
Abstract:
The electrophoretic profiles of soluble proteins of each 12 isolated strains from races B15 and C15 of Pyricularia oryzae were analysed with the technique of polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophore-sis(PAGGE).The result showed primarily that,there are differences among various isolated strains in the same race of Pyricularia oryzae.
The electrophoretic profiles of soluble proteins of each 12 isolated strains from races B15 and C15 of Pyricularia oryzae were analysed with the technique of polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophore-sis(PAGGE).The result showed primarily that,there are differences among various isolated strains in the same race of Pyricularia oryzae.
1994, 9(2): 58-61.
Abstract:
Seeds of eight wheat varieties with different scab-resistances were soaked in the extracting so-lution from diseased grains of wheat scab(poison solution)for germination. the results showed that the susceptibilities of wheat seeds to the scab poison solution varied significantly with different varieties. The resitant varieties have strong standing capacity in the poison solution and show a high germinating rate;whreas,the sensitive varieties show low germinating rate.The above results are identical to the identify-ing data on the scab resistances of different wheat varieties from multi-site field test for years.
Seeds of eight wheat varieties with different scab-resistances were soaked in the extracting so-lution from diseased grains of wheat scab(poison solution)for germination. the results showed that the susceptibilities of wheat seeds to the scab poison solution varied significantly with different varieties. The resitant varieties have strong standing capacity in the poison solution and show a high germinating rate;whreas,the sensitive varieties show low germinating rate.The above results are identical to the identify-ing data on the scab resistances of different wheat varieties from multi-site field test for years.
1994, 9(2): 62-64.
Abstract:
This paper described a new species of Daidalatarsonemus notoschism(Figs. 1-6)collected from Shanghang County, FujianProvince of China. All measurements are in the unit of micron. The typical speciments are deposited in the Plant Protection Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This new species is distinct from D. gutierrezi Suski, 1971 owing to its splitting apart into triangle on prodorsum.and the shape of sensory club of coxal seta la and taper shape of coxal seta 3c. Holotype ♀,Male one was not found yet,27-X-1989, from Capillipedium parviflorum(R. Br)Stapf.
This paper described a new species of Daidalatarsonemus notoschism(Figs. 1-6)collected from Shanghang County, FujianProvince of China. All measurements are in the unit of micron. The typical speciments are deposited in the Plant Protection Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This new species is distinct from D. gutierrezi Suski, 1971 owing to its splitting apart into triangle on prodorsum.and the shape of sensory club of coxal seta la and taper shape of coxal seta 3c. Holotype ♀,Male one was not found yet,27-X-1989, from Capillipedium parviflorum(R. Br)Stapf.
