2019 Vol. 34, No. 1
Display Method:
2019, 34(1): 1-8.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Objective Effects of trace elements in medium on the growth, flavonoids content and allelopathy activity by the intracellular metabolites of Carpesium macrocephalum in a suspension culture were studied to promote the development of a full scale utilization of C.macrocephalum culture. Method Eight minerals in varied concentrations were incorporated in the culture medium to determine their effects on the growth and flavonoids accumulation in the cells. The allelopathic potential of the metabolite extract from each of the resulting cultures on selected plant seedlings was also determined using a microactivity assay. An NT medium with added 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA +0.2 mg·L-1 BA was the basal medium applied for the experiment. Result The cell growth and flavonoids biosynthesis of C. macrocephalum in the suspension culture increased initially followed with a decline as the concentration of Zn2+, Co2+, MoO42-, Cu2+, or BO33- increased in the medium. When the concentration of MoO42- was 3.0 μmol·L-1 and Zn2+ 0.06 mmol·L-1, the flavonoids content was 1.53% and 1.46%, respectively, representing 1.25 and 1.20 times, respectively, of those of control. The addition of 0.4 μmol·L-1 Cu2+, 0.4 mmol·L-1 BO33- or 0.2 μmol·L-1 Co2+ yielded 1.35% flavonoids, which was 1.11 times as much as that in control. In between 0.1 and 0.8 mmol·L-1 of Mn2+, the flavonoids content decreased gradually from 1.22% to 0.43%, while 5-20 μmol·L-1 of I- did not significantly affect the content. The presence of 0.1 mmol·L-1 Fe2+ appeared most conducive to the cell growth and flavonoids formation. The yield of flavonoids increased in the order of the addition of Zn2+, MoO42-, Cu2+, BO33-, Co2+, I-, Mn2+, and Fe2+. The ethanol extracts of metabolites in the cultures exerted varying allelopathic inhibitory effects on the seedlings of Abutilon theophrasti, Bidens pilosa, Cucumis sativus and Glycine max with EC50 of 19.86, 14.69, 19.03 and 59.07 mg·mL-1, respectively. Conclusion Appropriate addition of trace elements in the medium was conducive to the growth of C.macrocephalum cells and the biosynthesis of flavonoids. However, excessive concentrations of trace elements would decreased flavonoid biosynthesis. Intracellular metabolites of C.macrocephalum suspension cells had different degrees of allelopathic effects on 4 receptor plants.
2019, 34(1): 9-15.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.002
Abstract:
Objective To improve the success rate in crossing, expedite the hybridization process, and provide information for future reference on the vegetable soybean breeding program specifically designed for the climatic conditions of Fujian Province. Method An experimentation employing 9 variations on floral budding time, sepals retention and pollination period with 3 combinations of soybean varieties for each hybridization treatment was conducted on rain-free autumn days. Result (1) Conducting emasculation and pollination on buds within the first 3 days in the initial flowering stage significantly or extremely significantly improved the survival rates of the hybrid. The rates were 11.34% higher on the 1st day, 12.00% on the 2nd day and 8.67% on the 3rd day than on the 5th day buds. The true hybridization obtained was greater than 90%. (2) Retaining sepals on the buds effectively protected the pistil stigmas and young pods, as well as rendered a hybrid survival rate of 5.34% and a true hybridization rate of 97.92%. And, (3) Performing pollination the day after emasculation resulted in a 21.34% higher hybrid survival rate than if the pollination was carried out in the same morning. Conclusion The recommended hybridization procedures were, therefore, to sow seeds in double rows with the parents adjacent to each other and the father sowed 5 days in advance for 7 days in autumn, utilize buds no later than 3 days after flowering, cross under rain-free condition, remove two and retain 3 sepals on a bud, eliminate all flowers, treat the petals and stamens in the afternoon, perform pollination between 6:00 to 8:00 a.m. on the day after emasculation, and handle with care during the entire growth period.
2019, 34(1): 16-21.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.003
Abstract:
Objective Genetic backgrounds and combining abilities of 9 newly bred sweet corn inbred lines were studied. Method The inbred lines included 5 white sweet corn female parents P1 (i.e., TS01-1, BS02-1, GS132, AS67 and SS1) and 4 sweet corn male parents P2 (i.e., Mintianxi 688, Mintianxi G73, Mintianxi 197 and X90-34). They were cross-bred into 20 two-tone crosses by a 5×4 incomplete diallel design. The combining ability on 10 traits including plant height, ear location, panicle length, ear girth, ear row count, grains per row, hundred-grain weight, kernel ratio, panicle weight with and without husk, of each hybrid was determined. Result Based on the de-husk panicle weight, the general combining abilities of the white sweet corn inbred lines were in the order of AS67 > GS132 > TS01-1 > BS02-1 > SS1, and those of the yellow sweet corns Mintianxi 688 > X90-34 > Mintianxi G73 > Mintianxi 197. AS67×Mintianxi 688 exhibited the highest specific combining ability with the greatest actual yield among all. The genetic cluster analysis classified the 9 parents into yellow-and white-kernel groups. Conclusion The yellow-kernel and white-kernel sweet corn inbred lines crossed between the 9 parents showed superior heterosis, and the classifications were consistent between the parents and the experimental design.
2019, 34(1): 22-26.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.004
Abstract:
Objective To adjust the maize farming in Fujian and meet the increasing market demand for sweet-waxy variety. Method A hybrid model of self-bred inbred lines×exogenous inbred lines was designed in 2012.In the following year, among the combinations submitted to the 2014-2015 joint multi-point comparison test the gai 01-1b×zhong zip233, named Tiannuo 133, was rated the best on performances. Result At the Regional Trial on Sweet Maize Varieties in Fujian In 2016 and 2017, Tiannuo 133 showed an average yield of 15 793.6 kg·hm-2, which was 22.79% higher than that of the reference. Subsequently, the new variety was certified in 2018 by the provincial evaluation. Conclusion Tiannuo 133 was a single-crossing sweet-waxy maize with medium-to-large ears that was suitable for food consumption. It exhibited desirable adaptability, yield, stability and quality and was recommended for extended cultivation in the province as well as similar ecological regions.
2019, 34(1): 27-34.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.005
Abstract:
Objective Effects of light exposure on embryogenic cell and corilagin formations of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) in a suspension culture were investigated to provide theoretical reference for the large-scale operation of longan embryogenic cell culture and industrial production of corilagin. Method A 5 L stirring bioreactor was used in the experimentation. Dynamic changes on the cell growth, corilagin content, substrate consumption, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the medium under dark or light condition were monitored. Result The cellular growth curve showed an S shape with a peaked weight of 4.74 g·L-1 in the dark and 3.71 g·L-1 under the light. Cultured 7 days in the dark, the corilagin content in the longan cells reached a maximum of 8.72 mg·g-1, which was 2.8 times higher than that with the light exposure. But the corilagin in the medium was significantly less without than with the light exposure (P < 0.05). Light accelerated the sucrose consumption by the cells but had no significant effect on pH or DO in the medium. Conclusion For large-scale operations, the absence of light in an enclosed reactor would facilitate the embryogenic growth and corilagin accumulation. Meanwhile, process controls on sucrose, pH and DO were also important as these conditions regulated the cell growth and corilagin formation as well.
2019, 34(1): 35-39.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.006
Abstract:
Objective To establish the phylogeny of longli, Dimocarpus confinis, based on its nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Method The ITS sequences of 27 genera and 62 species of Sapindaceae were collected to examine the relationship among longli, longan (Dimocarpus longan) and litchi (Litchi chinensis). Result The genera in Sapindaceae family could be clearly classified by ITS sequence. The homology among the genera was(91.0±4.4)%, and among the species (96.3±2.8)%. The ITS sequence homology between longli and longan or litchi was 92%, which was lower than that between longan and litchi at 93% but higher than that between longli and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) at 91%. Four and half percent of the longli ITS sequence differed from those of longan and litchi. The differences were mainly changing between T and C or A and G that accounted for 56.5% of the total. Based on the phylogenetic tree of rambutan as the outgroup, the evolution of longli was shown to be the earliest to branch out, followed by litchi and longan. Conclusion The result suggested classifying longli as a separate genus in the family.
2019, 34(1): 40-45.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.007
Abstract:
Objective A new variety of high-yield, high-resistance, premium Oncidium cutting flower was bred to expand the pool for resource diversification in Fujian. Method The somaclonal variation of the tissue-transplanted seedlings of Onc. Gower Ramsey was used for the breeding. After a preliminary field selection, the tissue culture was extended, and strains compared when flowering. The desirable specimens were subjected to molecular identification, culture extension and multi-point testing for further screening. Result The new variety, Jinhui, was thus obtained. Its primary flowering time in Fujian occurred between November and January with a secondary flowering period from May to June. It had an average pseudobulb length of 10.96 cm, pseudobulb width of 4.11 cm, peduncle length of 40.14 cm, inflorescence length of 78.14 cm and branch count of 11.15 during the blooming period, representing the increases by 21.64%, 18.10%, 18.58%, 29.18% and 22.66%, respectively, as compared with those of control at significant difference level. Its yield on cut flowers reached 30 700/667m2, which was a significant increase of 17.18% over control. The new shoots on a plant positioned significantly lower than did on control. Jinhui had good adaptability, strong stress resistance, and excellent applicability for cultivation in Fujian and areas of similar frost-free climate. Conclusion Using plant somaclonal variation of Onc. Gower Ramsey, Jinhui was a new, high-yield, high-quality and strongly resistant variety generated from the transplanted seedlings of the original plant. It demonstrated a technical feasibility of the process for selecting and breeding the cut flower.
2019, 34(1): 46-52.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.008
Abstract:
Objective Effects of red and blue LEDs applied at night in early spring on the growth and tea quality of Qianmei 601 (Camellia sinensis) were studied for the application at plantations in Guizhou. Method Red and blue LEDs at a ratio of 0.81, 1.65 or 2.1 were shone on the tea plants at night for 21 days at a plantation for the experimentation. Result The lighting promoted the bud and leave growth and improved the tea quality. Different red-to-blue light ratios produced different results. The treatment with a 0.81 ratio significantly increased the fresh leaf weight, bud density, total chlorophylls, total polyphenols, and free amino acids in the leaves and decreased the polyphenols/amino acids ratio as compared to control that grew under natural conditions. Conclusion Supplementing light at night with red and blue LEDs at 0.81 ratio on tea plants in early spring when the sunlight and temperature are relatively low appeared beneficial for the biomass buildup and quality improvement.
2019, 34(1): 53-60.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.009
Abstract:
Objective Effects of full light exposure or shading condition and mixing ratio of the cool season meadow grass (Euromyth and K.B.G), Festuca rubra (Rubra), perennial ryegrass (Bomber) and Bermudagrass on the growth and appearance of the lawn were evaluated for turf building in the city of Changchun in northern China. Method Turf appearance indices on the treatment lawns were compared and evaluated using the membership function method and weights comprehensive evaluation method. Result In the shade, the mixing ratio of Bomber:Euromyth at 1:2 performed the best with an evaluation score of 0.731. Under full sunlight exposure, the Bomber:K.B.G:Common=3:4:3 combination had the highest score of 0.396, whereas mixing Bomber and Euromyth or Bomber and Rubra would not form an acceptable lawn. Conclusion The combination of two turfgrasses appeared superior on lawn performance to that of 3-turfgrass containing the protective Bermuda variety in a shaded lot. However, with full sunlight the later were better than the former.
2019, 34(1): 61-69.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.010
Abstract:
Objective To optimize the tissue culture conditions for an efficient, rapid propagation of Double Delight Chinese roses for large scale operations. Method Stems cut from the rose plants were used for the tissue culture optimization with an orthogonal experiment and completely randomized block design method. The initial generation culture, subsequent generations enrichment, rooting enhancement, and transplant augmentation for the plant propagation were evaluated. Result The optimal method to disinfect the stems for propagation was to dip them in 75% C2H5OH for 30 s followed by soaking in a 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 6 min. The most efficient 1st generation culture was obtained in a medium containing MS+3.00 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.30 mg·L-1 NAA with an induction rate of up to 95.56%. The selected enrichment medium was MS+1.00 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.10 mg·L-1 IBA to yield a multiplication factor of 6.61. For efficient rooting, the best medium was MS+0.05 mg·L-1 IBA+2.50 mg·L-1 activated carbon to result in a 95.56% rate. The mixing ratio of the substrates for seedling transplanting was optimized to be fine sand:vermiculite:perlite:coconut bran=1:2:3:1 that provided a seedling survival rate as high as 98.33%. Conclusion A highly efficient, rapid propagation method using cut stems from Double Delight Chinese rose plants was established for scale-up productions.
2019, 34(1): 70-75.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.011
Abstract:
Objective Green fluorescent protein(GFP) genetic marker of Fusarium oxysporum F-02 of stem rot disease on Cymbidium ensifolium were conducted in this study in order to observe the inflection of F. oxysporum on C. ensifolium plants, confirm the process of the pathogen, and provide powerful technic for further studies on F. oxysporum. Method GFP was transformed into F.oxysporum strain F-02 mediated by Agrobacterium, and the genetic stability of GFP in transformants was investigated. Result GFP gene can be successfully introduced into F.oxysporum and stable green fluorescence can be produced in the hypha and spores under the excitation of blue light source.After 10 successive transfers, the progenies grew well with stable green fluorescence and similar pathogenicity as parental transfrormant. Conclusion GFP gene was inherited stablely in C.ensifolinm and no effect on pathogenicity in F-02 strain.
2019, 34(1): 76-82.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.012
Abstract:
Objective To develop a PCR assay for rapid and accurate detection, epidemiology information, and integrated disease management on Phytophthora colocasiae, the pathogen of taro phytophthora blight. Method A pair of species-specific primers, PCOF/PCOR, for P. colocasiae was designed based on the differences in Ras-related protein (Ypt1) gene sequence between P. colocasiae and other species in the same genus. The specificity, sensitivity and applicability of the primers were evaluated. Result With the optimized reaction conditions and amplification, PCOF/PCOR amplified only a single band of 172 bp with genomic DNA extracted from all P.colocasiae strains, while the other tested pathogens had no corresponding band. The sensitivity of conventional PCR method using PCOF/PCOR as primers was 100 pg of genomic DNA in a 25 μL reaction solution. Whereas, the newly developed nested-PCR performed using Ypt1 gene universal primers ph1F/Yph2R for the first-round and PCOF/PCOR for the second-round increased 10 000-fold on the sensitivity to 10 fg. The nested-PCR methodology could positively detected P. colocasiae 100% in diseased leaves or 57.5% in symptom-free infected tissues. Conclusion The newly established nested-PCR assay could be used for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of P. colocasiae.
2019, 34(1): 83-94.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.013
Abstract:
Objective In order to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and promotion of mangroves in freshwater areas, we explored the micro-ecological changes and adaptability of mangrove plants in freshwater environments. Method To explore the microbial community structure characteristics of rhizosphere soil of 5 different mangrove plants, including Rhizophora stylosa(Rs), Avicennia marina(Am), Laguncularia racemose(Lr), Kandelia candel(Kc) and Aegiceras corniculatum(Ac), we performed the study by using Biolog-ECO micro plate (BIOLOG) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) for revealing the response of microbial community structure to freshwater stress. Result The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were significantly different among 5 mangrove plants. The average well color development (AWCD) values from high to low were as follows:Am > Kc > Ac > Rs > Lr, and value of Am was the highest among 5 treatments. Ploymers was the most utilized carbon source. The PLFAs analysis was performed to explore the changes in the abundance of soil microbes. The results showed that a total of 17 kinds of PLFA were detected in 5 mangrove plants, and the highest content of PLFAs was 16:0, moreover, the total PLFAs content of Am was significantly higher than the other plants; the group-specific PLFAs in 5 soil samples showed the same trend that content of bacteria reached the maximum. Principal component analysis showed that Lr and Am soils distributed in the same principal component, which was similar to the results of BIOLOG. Conclusion The results indicated that soil of 5 plants was significantly better than unplanted mangrove soil (CK). The microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly different among mangrove plants. Soil microorganisms of 5 treatments showed the highest utilization of polymers, moreover, biomarkers of bacteria showed the same trend in 5 treatments.
2019, 34(1): 95-103.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.014
Abstract:
Objective Concentration of negative ions in atmosphere at parks configured with different plants was studied with a public health concern. Method The South Arena at Minjiang Park in Fuzhou was selected for a year-long, fixed-point monitoring from September 2017 till August 2018 at 30 sampling locations, where 8 types of plants, along with one as control, were configured. The diurnal concentration as well as the daily, monthly, seasonal variations on both positive and negative ion concentrations in the atmosphere at the surroundings of the various plantations were collected for the analysis and evaluation using the forest air ion index method. Result (1) The diurnal variation curves on negative ion concentration generally showed a Ⅴ or U shape, and the averaged magnitudes ranked evergreen broad-leaved forest > deciduous broad-leaved forest > bamboo forest > mixed forest > palm grove > lawn > evergreen coniferous forest > bushes > control. (2) Weather conditions significantly affected the daily variations on negative ion concentration associated with plant configuration. (3) On a monthly basis, the negative ion concentration varied in a U shape curve. Whereas, the annual averages relating to the plant type decreased in the order of bamboo forest > deciduous broad-leaved forest > evergreen broad-leaved forest > palm grove > mixed forest > evergreen coniferous forest > bushes > lawn > control. (4) With respect to the seasons, the negative ion concentration at a specific plant community was the highest in autumn followed by summer, while no significant difference in spring and winter. (5) The air quality at different plant communities ranked in the order of bamboo forest > deciduous broad-leaved forest > evergreen broad-leaved forest > palm grove > mixed forest > evergreen coniferous forest > bushes > lawn > control. Conclusion Negative ion concentration in the air at park was the highest between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. in a day, which would be the most desirable times for outdoor activities. During that period, the areas planted with evergreen broad-leaved, deciduous broad-leaved or evergreen coniferous trees as well as the mixed and bamboo forests were having greater than 3 000 negative ions·cm-3 with an excellent air quality evaluation index.
2019, 34(1): 104-116.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.015
Abstract:
Objective To search for new resources as well as information gathering, a survey on the distribution and diversity and a sample collection of Bacillus-like species was conducted in Cangshan, Yunnan. Method Bacillus-like bacteria were isolated from the soil samples and preliminarily identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Result A total of 75 isolates were obtained from 10 soil samples and identified as 19 species belonging to 5 genera within family Bacillaceae. They included 14 Bacillus species, two Paenibacillus species, one Lysinibacillus species, one Psychrobacillus species and one Brevibacillus species. According to an isolation frequency analysis, the dominant bacteria in the region were B. weihenstephanensis, B. toyonensis, B. pseudomycoides and L. xylanilyticus. The remainders were extremely unevenly distributed among the samples. The high Margalef, Simpson, Shannon, Pielou's, Brillouin and Macintosh indices found in the Bacillus from the roadside soils might indicate that the effect by the plants was not significant. B. weihenstephanensis, B. toyonensis and L. xylanilyticus were isolated from all three sites and had high Margalef, Simpson, Shannon, Pielou, Brillouin and Macintosh indices, but no significant correlation with the sites. Based on the average quantification and frequency cluster analysis, these 19 Bacillus-like species could be divided into 4 groups. Conclusion Cangshan area appeared to have Bacillus-like bacteria in large number with great diversity for further exploitation.
2019, 34(1): 117-123.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.016
Abstract:
Objective Effect of chlormequat application on low-temperature tolerance of Phoebe microphylla was studied. Method Under simulated conditions, seedlings of P. microphylla were subjected to low-temperature stress with treatments of chlormequat chloride (CCC) in different concentrations. The contents of soluble protein (SP) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the relative electrical conductivity (REC) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of the seedlings were determined. Result After spraying with CCC solutions, SP in leaves increased and reached a maximum when 50 mg/L of CCC was applied; MDA reduced when 100 mg·L-1 of CCC was applied at 0℃ or -2.5℃; REC declined at the presence of 50 mg·L-1 of CCC; and, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT peaked at the spraying of 100 mg·L-1 of CCC at -2.5℃. Conclusion Based on the above mentioned cold resistance indicators, the CCC application on the seedlings at 100 mg·L-1 scored the highest among all tested treatments on the membership function evaluation. It was considered effective for improving the cold resistance of P. microphylla.
2019, 34(1): 124-134.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.017
Abstract:
Objective Spatial and temporal dynamics of and the driving forces behind the agricultural carbon emissions in Fujian were studied. Method The agricultural production data from the Statistical Yearbook of Fujian Province (1990-2016) were compiled to calculate the agriculture carbon emissions, the Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) applied to analyze the spatial variations, and the logarithmic average di-model (LMDI model) employed to decipher the factors that governed the outcomes. Result Overall, the total emission in the province was on a downward trend from 1990 to 2016 with at an annual decline rate of 0.35% from 598.32×104t to 546.69×104t. The emissions differed significantly among 9 prefecture-level municipalities. Nanping had the greatest amount that reached 103.64×104t, and Xiamen the least at 5.29×104t. Materials and land for agricultural operations were the major pollution sources, accounting for 43.85% of the total emissions. They were followed by the CH4 emissions from paddy fields which contributed 43.04%. The factors that drove the emission reduction included carbon intensity, employment structure and local population, each contributed 35.00×104t, 8.86×104t and 75.72×104t, respectively, to the total. In contrast, the income from agricultural activities was a negative driving force that added 40.45×104t to the total emissions. Conclusion In recent years, the agricultural carbon emissions in Fujian have been reduced overall, and Fujian can further take measures to effectively reduce agricultural carbon emission and to promote low-carbon agriculture development.
