2018 Vol. 33, No. 7
Display Method:
2018, 33(7): 655-659.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.001
Abstract:
To simultaneously detect the presence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), duck plague virus (DPV) and/or duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) in ducks, 3 pairs of specific primers based on the conserved regions of the genomes of these viruses deposited in Gen Bank database were used for the development of a multiplex PCR assay method. The PCR reaction conditions were optimized, and specificity and sensitivity of the assay determined. The results showed that the new method could amplify the specific gene fragments of NDV at 510 bp, DPV at 400 bp, and DTMUV at 300 bp simultaneously without adulterations. The detection sensitivity of the assay was 1.02×104 copies·μL-1 on NDV, 3.50×103 copies·μL-1 on DPV, and 1.17×104 copies·μL-1 on DTMUV. The detection results were completely agreeable with those obtained by the conventional PCR method on 250 clinical samples. It appeared that the currently established methodology to simultaneously detect the 3 target viruses was rapid and convenient with high specificity and sensitivity.
To simultaneously detect the presence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), duck plague virus (DPV) and/or duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) in ducks, 3 pairs of specific primers based on the conserved regions of the genomes of these viruses deposited in Gen Bank database were used for the development of a multiplex PCR assay method. The PCR reaction conditions were optimized, and specificity and sensitivity of the assay determined. The results showed that the new method could amplify the specific gene fragments of NDV at 510 bp, DPV at 400 bp, and DTMUV at 300 bp simultaneously without adulterations. The detection sensitivity of the assay was 1.02×104 copies·μL-1 on NDV, 3.50×103 copies·μL-1 on DPV, and 1.17×104 copies·μL-1 on DTMUV. The detection results were completely agreeable with those obtained by the conventional PCR method on 250 clinical samples. It appeared that the currently established methodology to simultaneously detect the 3 target viruses was rapid and convenient with high specificity and sensitivity.
2018, 33(7): 660-664.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.002
Abstract:
To effectively detox the water in a frog aquaculture pond, Bacillus bacteria capable of degrading NH4+-N and NO2--N were collected from the ponds for screening and evaluation. Strain B2 was selected from 15 isolated candidates for this study based upon its superior nitrogen removal and enzyme producing capabilities. It showed 64.56% reduction on NH4+-N and 36.39% on NO2--N in 5 days and adequately produced functional enzymes under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions that might present in a frog pond. The physiological and biochemical characteristics and the 16S rDNA sequence of B2 confirmed it to be a strain of Bacillus subtilis. The optimum conditions for NH4+-N and NO2--N degradation by B2 ranged from 25℃ to 35℃ at pH 6 to 8. Further study to identify and finetune the application is in order.
To effectively detox the water in a frog aquaculture pond, Bacillus bacteria capable of degrading NH4+-N and NO2--N were collected from the ponds for screening and evaluation. Strain B2 was selected from 15 isolated candidates for this study based upon its superior nitrogen removal and enzyme producing capabilities. It showed 64.56% reduction on NH4+-N and 36.39% on NO2--N in 5 days and adequately produced functional enzymes under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions that might present in a frog pond. The physiological and biochemical characteristics and the 16S rDNA sequence of B2 confirmed it to be a strain of Bacillus subtilis. The optimum conditions for NH4+-N and NO2--N degradation by B2 ranged from 25℃ to 35℃ at pH 6 to 8. Further study to identify and finetune the application is in order.
2018, 33(7): 665-669.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.003
Abstract:
Effects of additions of the by-product from citric acid fermentation of corn in diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Yangzhou geese were studied. 160 Yangzhou geese 21 days old were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates of 5 males and 5 females each. The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal, while Group A, B and C the basal feed with added 5%, 10%, and 15%of the by-product, respectively. The results showed (1) no significant difference on the average daily weight gains among all groups (P>0.05); (2) a significantly higher percent half-eviscerated yield from Group B than Group A (P < 0.05), as well as the percent eviscerated yield from Group B than control or Group A (P < 0.05), and a significant higher meat portion from the legs of Group C than control (P < 0.05); (3) a significantly lower shear force(i.e., more tender) on leg muscle and water exudate on breast meat of Group C than control (P < 0.05); (4) a significantly higher Ca content in leg muscles of Group C than control (P < 0.05). Thus, addition of the fermentation by-product to the soybean meal in less than 15% could be recommended for Yangzhou goose farming.
Effects of additions of the by-product from citric acid fermentation of corn in diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Yangzhou geese were studied. 160 Yangzhou geese 21 days old were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates of 5 males and 5 females each. The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal, while Group A, B and C the basal feed with added 5%, 10%, and 15%of the by-product, respectively. The results showed (1) no significant difference on the average daily weight gains among all groups (P>0.05); (2) a significantly higher percent half-eviscerated yield from Group B than Group A (P < 0.05), as well as the percent eviscerated yield from Group B than control or Group A (P < 0.05), and a significant higher meat portion from the legs of Group C than control (P < 0.05); (3) a significantly lower shear force(i.e., more tender) on leg muscle and water exudate on breast meat of Group C than control (P < 0.05); (4) a significantly higher Ca content in leg muscles of Group C than control (P < 0.05). Thus, addition of the fermentation by-product to the soybean meal in less than 15% could be recommended for Yangzhou goose farming.
2018, 33(7): 670-675.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.004
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stocking density on growth, muscle composition and blood parameters of Pelteobagrus vachelli juveniles. A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth, muscle composition and blood parameters of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli). A total of 600 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (25.23±0.09) g were randomly distributed into four different stocking density groups with 3 replicates per group of G1 (0.50 kg·m-3, 20 fish·m-3), G2 (1.01 kg·m-3, 40 fish·m-3), G3 (1.51 kg·m-3, 60 fish·m-3), G4 (2.02 kg·m-3, 80 fish·m-3). The results showed that the growth and feed coefficient of juvenile yellow catfish were effected significantly by stocking density (P < 0.05). Final body length, final body weight, specific growth rate and condition factor decreased with an increase in stocking density, whereas the feed coefficient showed the opposite tendency (P < 0.05). Final body length, final body weight, specific growth rate, condition factor and survive rate of fish in G1 were higher than those in G3 and G4 (P < 0.05), but the condition factor, feed coefficient and survive rate of G1 and G2 were with no significant difference(P>0.05).Muscle protein content increased significantly with the increase in stocking density, whereas muscle lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Muscle protein content of fish in G1 was lower than others, whereas the lipid content showed the opposite tendency (P < 0.05). Lower stocking density groups had higher albumin content and lysozyme activity in blood (P < 0.05), whereas glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities showed the opposite tendency(P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in blood total antioxidant capacity among all groups(P>0.05). In conclusion, 1.01 kg·m-3 was considered to be a suitable stocking density for juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (25.23±0.09) g.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stocking density on growth, muscle composition and blood parameters of Pelteobagrus vachelli juveniles. A 60 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on growth, muscle composition and blood parameters of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli). A total of 600 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (25.23±0.09) g were randomly distributed into four different stocking density groups with 3 replicates per group of G1 (0.50 kg·m-3, 20 fish·m-3), G2 (1.01 kg·m-3, 40 fish·m-3), G3 (1.51 kg·m-3, 60 fish·m-3), G4 (2.02 kg·m-3, 80 fish·m-3). The results showed that the growth and feed coefficient of juvenile yellow catfish were effected significantly by stocking density (P < 0.05). Final body length, final body weight, specific growth rate and condition factor decreased with an increase in stocking density, whereas the feed coefficient showed the opposite tendency (P < 0.05). Final body length, final body weight, specific growth rate, condition factor and survive rate of fish in G1 were higher than those in G3 and G4 (P < 0.05), but the condition factor, feed coefficient and survive rate of G1 and G2 were with no significant difference(P>0.05).Muscle protein content increased significantly with the increase in stocking density, whereas muscle lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Muscle protein content of fish in G1 was lower than others, whereas the lipid content showed the opposite tendency (P < 0.05). Lower stocking density groups had higher albumin content and lysozyme activity in blood (P < 0.05), whereas glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities showed the opposite tendency(P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in blood total antioxidant capacity among all groups(P>0.05). In conclusion, 1.01 kg·m-3 was considered to be a suitable stocking density for juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (25.23±0.09) g.
2018, 33(7): 676-682.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.005
Abstract:
A thick-leaf, semi-dwarf mutant rice, which was obtained from the 3rd generation plants grown from the Ⅱ-32 B dry seeds that had been in a satellite in space, was multi-crossed with Minghui 86 and Minghui 82 to arrive at the hybrid, Fuhui 202.Subsequently, the progeny of Fuhui 202 was planted in the rice-blast-infected field at Shanghang fora disease resistance evaluation. Then, the selected lines were repeatedly cultivated for several generations in Jianyang and Sanya to ensure a reliable cultivar stability. The resulting high-quality, early restorer line, Fuhui 202, was then crossed withthe good quality three-line male sterile Taifeng A from the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences to breed a new early hybrid rice variety, Taiyou 202. The new hybrid rice exhibited high and stable yield, good quality, blast resistance, broad adaptability, population uniformity, large panicles withnumerousspikelets, high setting rate, and visible color change at maturation. It was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2016. The breeding procedures, yield performance and major characteristics, as well as the prospect for promotion of Taiyou 202 are presented.
A thick-leaf, semi-dwarf mutant rice, which was obtained from the 3rd generation plants grown from the Ⅱ-32 B dry seeds that had been in a satellite in space, was multi-crossed with Minghui 86 and Minghui 82 to arrive at the hybrid, Fuhui 202.Subsequently, the progeny of Fuhui 202 was planted in the rice-blast-infected field at Shanghang fora disease resistance evaluation. Then, the selected lines were repeatedly cultivated for several generations in Jianyang and Sanya to ensure a reliable cultivar stability. The resulting high-quality, early restorer line, Fuhui 202, was then crossed withthe good quality three-line male sterile Taifeng A from the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences to breed a new early hybrid rice variety, Taiyou 202. The new hybrid rice exhibited high and stable yield, good quality, blast resistance, broad adaptability, population uniformity, large panicles withnumerousspikelets, high setting rate, and visible color change at maturation. It was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2016. The breeding procedures, yield performance and major characteristics, as well as the prospect for promotion of Taiyou 202 are presented.
2018, 33(7): 683-686.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.006
Abstract:
This article summarized the breeding process and main characteristics of a new hybrid rice variety, Guangyou 673. The hybrid was derived by crossing between the disease-resistant sterile line, Guangkang 13A, and Fuhui 673, which is a strong restorer line with broad recovery spectrum and good combining ability. It exhibited a mean yield of 9 655.95 kg·hm-2 at the regional trials in Fujian in two consecutive years, which was a 10.65% increase over that of the check variety, Ⅱ Youming86. In 2013, at the mid-season rice production test in Fujian, the mean yield of Guangyou 673 was 9 343.5 kg·hm-2, which was 12.49% higher than that of Ⅱ Youming 86.In 3 years of the regional tests, it showed a growing season of 143.2 d, which was merely 1.1 d longer than that of Ⅱ Youming 86.Over all, Guangyou 673 displayed the desirable traits of broad adaptability, high and stable yield during the trails, as well as of being medium resistant to blast by the indoor and field evaluations in two years. It was certified by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Fujian, China in 2014.
This article summarized the breeding process and main characteristics of a new hybrid rice variety, Guangyou 673. The hybrid was derived by crossing between the disease-resistant sterile line, Guangkang 13A, and Fuhui 673, which is a strong restorer line with broad recovery spectrum and good combining ability. It exhibited a mean yield of 9 655.95 kg·hm-2 at the regional trials in Fujian in two consecutive years, which was a 10.65% increase over that of the check variety, Ⅱ Youming86. In 2013, at the mid-season rice production test in Fujian, the mean yield of Guangyou 673 was 9 343.5 kg·hm-2, which was 12.49% higher than that of Ⅱ Youming 86.In 3 years of the regional tests, it showed a growing season of 143.2 d, which was merely 1.1 d longer than that of Ⅱ Youming 86.Over all, Guangyou 673 displayed the desirable traits of broad adaptability, high and stable yield during the trails, as well as of being medium resistant to blast by the indoor and field evaluations in two years. It was certified by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Fujian, China in 2014.
2018, 33(7): 687-690.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.007
Abstract:
Four commonly appliedmathematical models were used to fit the photosynthesis-lightresponses of various sweetpotato plants under light exposures.The light saturation point (Isat) obtained from either the rectangular or the non-rectangular hyperbolic model was considerably lower than themeasured values. Although theexponential function model predicted Isat and the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), it tended to give much lower valuesthan actualmeasurements on the light compensation point and the dark respiration rate. The modified rectangular hyperbolic model seemed to better fit for the functions. Using the new model, it was found that Fushu 2 and Guangshu 87 had the best photosynthetic capability among the 8 varieties of sweetpotato tested.
Four commonly appliedmathematical models were used to fit the photosynthesis-lightresponses of various sweetpotato plants under light exposures.The light saturation point (Isat) obtained from either the rectangular or the non-rectangular hyperbolic model was considerably lower than themeasured values. Although theexponential function model predicted Isat and the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), it tended to give much lower valuesthan actualmeasurements on the light compensation point and the dark respiration rate. The modified rectangular hyperbolic model seemed to better fit for the functions. Using the new model, it was found that Fushu 2 and Guangshu 87 had the best photosynthetic capability among the 8 varieties of sweetpotato tested.
2018, 33(7): 691-695.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.008
Abstract:
For breeding or introducing new high-quality, high-yield potato varieties for cultivation in Fujian, 12 high-generation progenies of potato strains from the germplasm collection of Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences were evaluated in November, 2016. Among them, N182, D597, D862, N157, N209 and N215 had a yield 7% higher than the control variety, Zihua851, and were selected for further evaluation. In the multipoint experiments in the following year, N182, D597 and D862 showed a tuber yield 50% higher than the control. The potatoes of N182, N157 and D597 excelled in their nutritional qualities:N182 was high on vitamin C at 27.1 mg·hg-1, N157 on potassium at 2.94 g·hg-1, and D597 on methionine at 0.12 g·hg-1, on valerian at 0.51 g·hg-1, on isoleucine 0.35 g·hg-1, on phenylalanine at 0.46 g·hg-1, on histidine at 0.16 g·hg-1, on serine at 0.42 g·hg-1, on glycine at 0.37 g·hg-1, and on cysteine at 0.09 g·hg-1.
For breeding or introducing new high-quality, high-yield potato varieties for cultivation in Fujian, 12 high-generation progenies of potato strains from the germplasm collection of Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences were evaluated in November, 2016. Among them, N182, D597, D862, N157, N209 and N215 had a yield 7% higher than the control variety, Zihua851, and were selected for further evaluation. In the multipoint experiments in the following year, N182, D597 and D862 showed a tuber yield 50% higher than the control. The potatoes of N182, N157 and D597 excelled in their nutritional qualities:N182 was high on vitamin C at 27.1 mg·hg-1, N157 on potassium at 2.94 g·hg-1, and D597 on methionine at 0.12 g·hg-1, on valerian at 0.51 g·hg-1, on isoleucine 0.35 g·hg-1, on phenylalanine at 0.46 g·hg-1, on histidine at 0.16 g·hg-1, on serine at 0.42 g·hg-1, on glycine at 0.37 g·hg-1, and on cysteine at 0.09 g·hg-1.
2018, 33(7): 696-701.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.009
Abstract:
Various microbial fertilizers were applied on the soil that grew continuous crops of cucumbers. The growth and the activities of defense-related enzymes of the cucumbers cultivated on the ground applied with 4 different microbial fertilizers were monitored. All tested fertilizers promoted the growth in varying degrees. With the fertilization, POD activities in the cucumber leaves at different developmental stagesincreased, while PPO and PAL activitiesraised initially followed by a decline. The microbial fertilizersseemed to induce a systemicresistance to diseasesin the cucumber plants.
Various microbial fertilizers were applied on the soil that grew continuous crops of cucumbers. The growth and the activities of defense-related enzymes of the cucumbers cultivated on the ground applied with 4 different microbial fertilizers were monitored. All tested fertilizers promoted the growth in varying degrees. With the fertilization, POD activities in the cucumber leaves at different developmental stagesincreased, while PPO and PAL activitiesraised initially followed by a decline. The microbial fertilizersseemed to induce a systemicresistance to diseasesin the cucumber plants.
2018, 33(7): 702-707.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.010
Abstract:
Effects of environmental temperature on the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, starch and proline (Pro) of the cut flower variety Jinhui of Oncidium were studied. Four day/night temperatures, i.e., 12/4℃, 20/12℃, 28/20℃ and 36/28℃, were applied on the floral plants for a same period prior to the chemical analyses. The results showed that the chlorophyll content peaked at 28/20℃, followed by 36/28℃, and reached the lowest at 12/4℃. Soluble sugars decreased in the leaves as the temperatures rose; and, in the pseudobulbs maximized at 20/12℃, followed by 12/4℃, and minimized at 36/28℃.The leaves contained more reducing sugarsat 12/4℃ or 20/12℃ than at 28/20℃ or 36/28℃; whereas, the pseudobulbs had the highest content at 20/12℃, followed by 12/4℃, and the lowest at 36/28℃. For starch, the content was high at 12/4℃ and low at 36/28℃ in the leaves or the pseudobulbs; and, it was always higher in the leaves than in the pseudobulbs. Pro contents in the leaves and the pseudobulbs were the highe stunder 36/28℃, followed by 12/4℃, and the lowest under 20/12℃ or 28/20℃. The temperature exposure at 20/12℃appeared conducive to the growth of stems and leaves. However, it delayed the starting of the lateral buds. At 36/28℃, the budding was stimulated, but the growth and robustness of the budsseemed disadvantaged. And, at 28/20℃, both lateral bud germination and pseudobulb growth were enhanced.
Effects of environmental temperature on the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, starch and proline (Pro) of the cut flower variety Jinhui of Oncidium were studied. Four day/night temperatures, i.e., 12/4℃, 20/12℃, 28/20℃ and 36/28℃, were applied on the floral plants for a same period prior to the chemical analyses. The results showed that the chlorophyll content peaked at 28/20℃, followed by 36/28℃, and reached the lowest at 12/4℃. Soluble sugars decreased in the leaves as the temperatures rose; and, in the pseudobulbs maximized at 20/12℃, followed by 12/4℃, and minimized at 36/28℃.The leaves contained more reducing sugarsat 12/4℃ or 20/12℃ than at 28/20℃ or 36/28℃; whereas, the pseudobulbs had the highest content at 20/12℃, followed by 12/4℃, and the lowest at 36/28℃. For starch, the content was high at 12/4℃ and low at 36/28℃ in the leaves or the pseudobulbs; and, it was always higher in the leaves than in the pseudobulbs. Pro contents in the leaves and the pseudobulbs were the highe stunder 36/28℃, followed by 12/4℃, and the lowest under 20/12℃ or 28/20℃. The temperature exposure at 20/12℃appeared conducive to the growth of stems and leaves. However, it delayed the starting of the lateral buds. At 36/28℃, the budding was stimulated, but the growth and robustness of the budsseemed disadvantaged. And, at 28/20℃, both lateral bud germination and pseudobulb growth were enhanced.
2018, 33(7): 708-713.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.011
Abstract:
Three-year-old Bambusa tuldoides plants were used in the study. A biofertilizer was applied at the rates of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 or 1.5 kg per unit to patches of the plants. The photosynthetic properties, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci)and chlorophyll content of the leaves, as well asthe water usage efficiency (WUE) andbamboo shoot-forming rateof the plants were determined and fitted to a hyperbolic model for correlating the responses under varied lighting conditions. The correlation coefficients were better than 0.99 on the model fitting. For individual indicators, Pn increased sharply initially, then leveled off, and decreased after reaching the light saturation; and, Tr, Gs, and WUE hada similar response to the treatments, but Ci wasthe opposite. In varying degrees, the fertilizations increased the leaf utilization of high and low light. Thephotosynthetic parameters closely related to the chlorophyll content of the leaves and the shoot-formation of the plant. It was concluded that application of the biofertilizer at a rate of 0.6 kg·patch-1 was optimal for the growth and developmentof B. tuldoides.
Three-year-old Bambusa tuldoides plants were used in the study. A biofertilizer was applied at the rates of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 or 1.5 kg per unit to patches of the plants. The photosynthetic properties, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci)and chlorophyll content of the leaves, as well asthe water usage efficiency (WUE) andbamboo shoot-forming rateof the plants were determined and fitted to a hyperbolic model for correlating the responses under varied lighting conditions. The correlation coefficients were better than 0.99 on the model fitting. For individual indicators, Pn increased sharply initially, then leveled off, and decreased after reaching the light saturation; and, Tr, Gs, and WUE hada similar response to the treatments, but Ci wasthe opposite. In varying degrees, the fertilizations increased the leaf utilization of high and low light. Thephotosynthetic parameters closely related to the chlorophyll content of the leaves and the shoot-formation of the plant. It was concluded that application of the biofertilizer at a rate of 0.6 kg·patch-1 was optimal for the growth and developmentof B. tuldoides.
2018, 33(7): 714-716.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.012
Abstract:
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of varied doses of Bacillus subtilis applied in the soil on the above-ground growth and chlorophyll content of Myrciaria cauliflora Berg that grew on it. The results showed all the tested applications of the microbial material increased the plant height, stem diameter, crown width, number of new shoots on main branch, longest main branch and chlorophyll content of M. cauliflora over control. When 3 g of B. subtilis was added to the soil in a pot, the most significant effects were observed. It was postulated that 900 to 1 800 g per acre of the application in the field would deliver the most desirable effect for M. cauliflora cultivation.
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of varied doses of Bacillus subtilis applied in the soil on the above-ground growth and chlorophyll content of Myrciaria cauliflora Berg that grew on it. The results showed all the tested applications of the microbial material increased the plant height, stem diameter, crown width, number of new shoots on main branch, longest main branch and chlorophyll content of M. cauliflora over control. When 3 g of B. subtilis was added to the soil in a pot, the most significant effects were observed. It was postulated that 900 to 1 800 g per acre of the application in the field would deliver the most desirable effect for M. cauliflora cultivation.
2018, 33(7): 717-723.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.013
Abstract:
Contents and transport of heavy metals in various parts of a grain from the rice grown on Cd-contaminated soil were determined. The contents of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in specimens collected from the mining regions in western Fujian were analyzed to study the distribution and transport characteristics of these heavy metals in the parts of the grain. The results showed that although the metal distribution was not affected by the severity of soil pollution, the Cd, Cu or Zn contained in a grain increased in the order of:bran > brown rice > milled rice > hull, and, the Pb in the order of:hull > bran > brown rice > milled rice or bran > hull > milled rice > brown rice. There seemed a significant correlation between the contents and transport of heavy metals in the grains. And, the bran appeared to absorb the heavy metals more readily than other tissues, as it was easier for Cd in the hull to transport to the brown rice grains, or Pb, Cu and Zn in brown rice to the bran; but more difficult for Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in the bran to move to the milled grains. As a result, the contents of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in the grains could be maximally reduced by 70.2%, 95.0%, 97.1% and 81.4%, respectively, through the milling process with the removal of bran, thereby, an improvement for the safety of rice consumption.
Contents and transport of heavy metals in various parts of a grain from the rice grown on Cd-contaminated soil were determined. The contents of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in specimens collected from the mining regions in western Fujian were analyzed to study the distribution and transport characteristics of these heavy metals in the parts of the grain. The results showed that although the metal distribution was not affected by the severity of soil pollution, the Cd, Cu or Zn contained in a grain increased in the order of:bran > brown rice > milled rice > hull, and, the Pb in the order of:hull > bran > brown rice > milled rice or bran > hull > milled rice > brown rice. There seemed a significant correlation between the contents and transport of heavy metals in the grains. And, the bran appeared to absorb the heavy metals more readily than other tissues, as it was easier for Cd in the hull to transport to the brown rice grains, or Pb, Cu and Zn in brown rice to the bran; but more difficult for Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in the bran to move to the milled grains. As a result, the contents of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in the grains could be maximally reduced by 70.2%, 95.0%, 97.1% and 81.4%, respectively, through the milling process with the removal of bran, thereby, an improvement for the safety of rice consumption.
2018, 33(7): 724-731.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.014
Abstract:
Effects of planting density, fertilization and other cultivation conditions on the Cd uptake of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt was studied under a randomized block field experiment. Both density and starting from sowed seeds or transplanted seedlings of the planting practices were found to significantly affect the uptake and accumulation in parts of the plant.Fertilization exerted a significant effect on the uptake in the seeds. A high content of Cd was found in the entire plant when P. frutescens was started by transplanting seedlings (P1) with a low planting density (i.e., at row and plant spacings of 30 cm×20 cm) (D1), and in the seeds by applying organic fertilizer (F1). The Cd translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) of the plants decreased as the planting density increased. They were higher for the transplanted than the seeded P. frutescens. Thus, the maximum Cd content (i.e., 4.57-5.08 mg·kg-1), TF(i.e., 1.43-1.75) and BCF(2.08-2.24) of P. frutescens were observed when the plants were transplanted from seedlings and allowed adequate space to grow. The Cd accumulation did not differ significantly between D1 and planting spacing of 20 cm×20 cm(D3). However, both D1 and D3 yielded plants with significantly higher Cd than if the spacing was 25 cm×20 cm (D2). Cd in the above-ground stems and leave saccounted for 83.11% of the entire plant and was higher than the under-ground roots, while the seeds had the least.It appeared that organic fertilizer promoted Cd uptake in the seeded plants, while compound fertilizer benefited the Cd translocating to the above-ground plant parts, and appropriate planting density facilitated the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
Effects of planting density, fertilization and other cultivation conditions on the Cd uptake of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt was studied under a randomized block field experiment. Both density and starting from sowed seeds or transplanted seedlings of the planting practices were found to significantly affect the uptake and accumulation in parts of the plant.Fertilization exerted a significant effect on the uptake in the seeds. A high content of Cd was found in the entire plant when P. frutescens was started by transplanting seedlings (P1) with a low planting density (i.e., at row and plant spacings of 30 cm×20 cm) (D1), and in the seeds by applying organic fertilizer (F1). The Cd translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) of the plants decreased as the planting density increased. They were higher for the transplanted than the seeded P. frutescens. Thus, the maximum Cd content (i.e., 4.57-5.08 mg·kg-1), TF(i.e., 1.43-1.75) and BCF(2.08-2.24) of P. frutescens were observed when the plants were transplanted from seedlings and allowed adequate space to grow. The Cd accumulation did not differ significantly between D1 and planting spacing of 20 cm×20 cm(D3). However, both D1 and D3 yielded plants with significantly higher Cd than if the spacing was 25 cm×20 cm (D2). Cd in the above-ground stems and leave saccounted for 83.11% of the entire plant and was higher than the under-ground roots, while the seeds had the least.It appeared that organic fertilizer promoted Cd uptake in the seeded plants, while compound fertilizer benefited the Cd translocating to the above-ground plant parts, and appropriate planting density facilitated the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
2018, 33(7): 732-738.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.015
Abstract:
Based on a literature search, 12 species in the families of Gramineae, Leguminosae, Compositae and Solanaceae, that are phytoremediation plants capable of decontaminating Pb polluted soil, were studied for their Pb tolerance and accumulation capacities. The plants were subjected to Pb stress at varied concentrations (i.e., 0, 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 mg·kg-1) in an indoor pot experimentation. The root length, height, biomass, above-and under-ground Pb contents were determined to compare the Pb tolerance and accumulation of the plants. The results showed that, as the Pb concentration in soil increased, all plants decreased on biomass and increased Pb content in the order of roots, stems, and leaves. A comprehensive evaluation suggested that Campsis grandiflora, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis had the potentials for use of remediating the soil pollution in lead and zinc mining areas. Among the tested, 6 plants showed a bioconcentration factor (BCF) greater than 1 at the Pb contamination level of 1 500 mg·kg-1:Poa annuaat 3.46, Aster ageratoides at 3.34, L. perenne at 2.32, Cynodon dactylon at 1.78, Rudbeckia hirta at 1.72, and Capsicum annuum 276 at 1.26. And, three varieties had a translocation factor (TF) greater than 1:C. annuum 276 at 1.36, R. hirta at 1.30, and Medicago sativa at 1.23. Taking BCF, TF and repair potential index together into consideration, R. hirta appeared to be the choice species for Pb remediation on polluted soil with a displayed capability of accumulating 2.576 mg Pb per plant in above-ground parts from a soil containing Pb 1 025 mg·kg-1.
Based on a literature search, 12 species in the families of Gramineae, Leguminosae, Compositae and Solanaceae, that are phytoremediation plants capable of decontaminating Pb polluted soil, were studied for their Pb tolerance and accumulation capacities. The plants were subjected to Pb stress at varied concentrations (i.e., 0, 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 mg·kg-1) in an indoor pot experimentation. The root length, height, biomass, above-and under-ground Pb contents were determined to compare the Pb tolerance and accumulation of the plants. The results showed that, as the Pb concentration in soil increased, all plants decreased on biomass and increased Pb content in the order of roots, stems, and leaves. A comprehensive evaluation suggested that Campsis grandiflora, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis had the potentials for use of remediating the soil pollution in lead and zinc mining areas. Among the tested, 6 plants showed a bioconcentration factor (BCF) greater than 1 at the Pb contamination level of 1 500 mg·kg-1:Poa annuaat 3.46, Aster ageratoides at 3.34, L. perenne at 2.32, Cynodon dactylon at 1.78, Rudbeckia hirta at 1.72, and Capsicum annuum 276 at 1.26. And, three varieties had a translocation factor (TF) greater than 1:C. annuum 276 at 1.36, R. hirta at 1.30, and Medicago sativa at 1.23. Taking BCF, TF and repair potential index together into consideration, R. hirta appeared to be the choice species for Pb remediation on polluted soil with a displayed capability of accumulating 2.576 mg Pb per plant in above-ground parts from a soil containing Pb 1 025 mg·kg-1.
2018, 33(7): 739-743.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.016
Abstract:
Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn pollution in the soil of farmlands within the irrigation areas covered dominantly by effluent from the coal mines in western Datian County in Fujian Province (Minzhong) was surveyed for evaluation. Data on total metal contents and effective quantities of the pollutants were collected. It was found that Cd pollution was most serious, followed by Pb, Ni and Zn, and Cu least in severity. A significant correlation existed between the total amount and the effective quantity of the heavy metals in the soils. The content of organic matters significantly correlated with those of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. Soil pH was significantly correlated inversely with Ni content, but not with the others. The safety risk of Cd pollution in the area was considered very high, while those of Pb, Ni and Zn high, and that of Cu low. Therefore, much attention must be paid to the problem and focused efforts implemented to safeguard the safety of agricultural products produced in the affected areas.
Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn pollution in the soil of farmlands within the irrigation areas covered dominantly by effluent from the coal mines in western Datian County in Fujian Province (Minzhong) was surveyed for evaluation. Data on total metal contents and effective quantities of the pollutants were collected. It was found that Cd pollution was most serious, followed by Pb, Ni and Zn, and Cu least in severity. A significant correlation existed between the total amount and the effective quantity of the heavy metals in the soils. The content of organic matters significantly correlated with those of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. Soil pH was significantly correlated inversely with Ni content, but not with the others. The safety risk of Cd pollution in the area was considered very high, while those of Pb, Ni and Zn high, and that of Cu low. Therefore, much attention must be paid to the problem and focused efforts implemented to safeguard the safety of agricultural products produced in the affected areas.
2018, 33(7): 744-749.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.017
Abstract:
This study aimed to create a genetically engineered bacterium that could produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) directly from glucose without exogenous L-glutamic acid (L-Glu).The gadB and gdh genes responsible for the generation of two critical enzymes, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), respectively, in the synthesis of plant lactobacillus GABA were co-expressed in a Glu-producing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum, SF016.The resulting effects on GABA production by the recombinational strain, SF016-pgg, were analyzed. The activities of GAD and GDH in SF016-pggnearly doubled after incubation in a shaking flask for 40 h reaching 0.63 mol·min-1·g-1 and 0.131 mol·min-1·g-1, respectively. Furthermore, the SF016-pgg production of GABA from glucose as a single carbon source totaled 23.12 g·L-1 in a 40 h fermentation in a tank. The results seemed to clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the gadB and gdh co-expressed recombinant strain on producing GABA by converting glucose without exogenous addition of L-Glu. As a result, the GABA production cost was significantly reduced making the industrialization of food, feed and/or pharmaceutical applications exceedingly promising.
This study aimed to create a genetically engineered bacterium that could produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) directly from glucose without exogenous L-glutamic acid (L-Glu).The gadB and gdh genes responsible for the generation of two critical enzymes, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), respectively, in the synthesis of plant lactobacillus GABA were co-expressed in a Glu-producing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum, SF016.The resulting effects on GABA production by the recombinational strain, SF016-pgg, were analyzed. The activities of GAD and GDH in SF016-pggnearly doubled after incubation in a shaking flask for 40 h reaching 0.63 mol·min-1·g-1 and 0.131 mol·min-1·g-1, respectively. Furthermore, the SF016-pgg production of GABA from glucose as a single carbon source totaled 23.12 g·L-1 in a 40 h fermentation in a tank. The results seemed to clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the gadB and gdh co-expressed recombinant strain on producing GABA by converting glucose without exogenous addition of L-Glu. As a result, the GABA production cost was significantly reduced making the industrialization of food, feed and/or pharmaceutical applications exceedingly promising.
2018, 33(7): 750-754.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.018
Abstract:
In order to develop active substance of new fungicide, the prevention effect of fusaric acid to Magnaporthe oryzae and Ustilaginoidea virens were determined by mycelium growth rate methods and spore germination. The results indicated that fusaric acid had higher inhibition on M. oryzae and U. virens. The EC50 value of fusaric acid to the mycelium growth of M. oryzae and U. virens were 326.36 and 8.27 mg·L-1, and the EC50 value on spore germination were 40.17 and 222.93 mg·L-1. In addition, the pot experiments showed that the prevention control on M. oryzae was 66.72% with spraying fusaric acid (400 mg·L-1) in the period of rice crevasse and full panicle, and the prevention control of fusaric acid (400 mg·L-1) on U. virens was 63.08% with spraying in 7 days before the period of rice crevasse.
In order to develop active substance of new fungicide, the prevention effect of fusaric acid to Magnaporthe oryzae and Ustilaginoidea virens were determined by mycelium growth rate methods and spore germination. The results indicated that fusaric acid had higher inhibition on M. oryzae and U. virens. The EC50 value of fusaric acid to the mycelium growth of M. oryzae and U. virens were 326.36 and 8.27 mg·L-1, and the EC50 value on spore germination were 40.17 and 222.93 mg·L-1. In addition, the pot experiments showed that the prevention control on M. oryzae was 66.72% with spraying fusaric acid (400 mg·L-1) in the period of rice crevasse and full panicle, and the prevention control of fusaric acid (400 mg·L-1) on U. virens was 63.08% with spraying in 7 days before the period of rice crevasse.
2018, 33(7): 755-759.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.019
Abstract:
Fatty acids in seeds of Hibiscus manihot L. and stability of the oil were determined. POVs of the seed oil with added antioxidants were compared using the Schaal accelerated oven method. The results showed that the seeds contained 17.74% lipids, of which 74.13% were 6 unsaturated fat acids. Among the unsaturated fat acids, linoleic acid constituted 46.38%, and oleic acid 26.67%. TBHQ improvedthe oxidative stability of the seed oil. An addition of 0.02% of the antioxidant could extend 12 months on the predicted shelf life for the oil. By an addition of 0.015% TBHQ with 0.01% phytic acid or 0.015% TBHQ with 0.01% citric acid, the synergetic effect could further enhance the stability to over 18 months.
Fatty acids in seeds of Hibiscus manihot L. and stability of the oil were determined. POVs of the seed oil with added antioxidants were compared using the Schaal accelerated oven method. The results showed that the seeds contained 17.74% lipids, of which 74.13% were 6 unsaturated fat acids. Among the unsaturated fat acids, linoleic acid constituted 46.38%, and oleic acid 26.67%. TBHQ improvedthe oxidative stability of the seed oil. An addition of 0.02% of the antioxidant could extend 12 months on the predicted shelf life for the oil. By an addition of 0.015% TBHQ with 0.01% phytic acid or 0.015% TBHQ with 0.01% citric acid, the synergetic effect could further enhance the stability to over 18 months.
2018, 33(7): 760-766.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.07.020
Abstract:
Accompanied by the rapid expansion of the edible mushroom industry, an ever-increasing amount of organic waste material has been generated in the province. It becomes a challenge to maximize the by-product utilization for a healthy and sustainable development of the community. Regarding the urgent waste recycling and by-product utilization issue, this paper summarizes the status and practices, as well as a discussion on the prospects of additional venues and means for applications, as a reference for the industry and research institutions.
Accompanied by the rapid expansion of the edible mushroom industry, an ever-increasing amount of organic waste material has been generated in the province. It becomes a challenge to maximize the by-product utilization for a healthy and sustainable development of the community. Regarding the urgent waste recycling and by-product utilization issue, this paper summarizes the status and practices, as well as a discussion on the prospects of additional venues and means for applications, as a reference for the industry and research institutions.
