2018 Vol. 33, No. 3
Display Method:
2018, 33(3): 219-224.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.001
Abstract:
To accurately and rapidly differentiate between the virulent and the attenuated vaccine strains of duck enteritis viruses (DEVs), sequences of the virus UL2 genes were retrieved from the databank at GenBank for the study. A 528 bp continuous nucleotide deletion region was found on the genes of both strains. Using the primer design software, Oligo 7.0, specific primers targeting for the development and optimization of the PCR differentiation diagnosis methodology based on the UL2 characterization were selected. The optimal annealing temperature was determined to be 55℃ rendering amplified segments for the DEV virulent and the vaccine strains at 1 019 bp and 491 bp, respectively. The established protocol was sensitive with a low detection limit of 15.3 pg; and, specific without cross-amplification with common duck origin pathogens, such as, Muscovy duck parvovirus, duck circovirus, goose parvovirus, Escherichia coli, Rimerella anatipstifer and Pasteurella multocida. Consequently, it was considered applicable for future studies on the pathogenic mechanism of DEV.
To accurately and rapidly differentiate between the virulent and the attenuated vaccine strains of duck enteritis viruses (DEVs), sequences of the virus UL2 genes were retrieved from the databank at GenBank for the study. A 528 bp continuous nucleotide deletion region was found on the genes of both strains. Using the primer design software, Oligo 7.0, specific primers targeting for the development and optimization of the PCR differentiation diagnosis methodology based on the UL2 characterization were selected. The optimal annealing temperature was determined to be 55℃ rendering amplified segments for the DEV virulent and the vaccine strains at 1 019 bp and 491 bp, respectively. The established protocol was sensitive with a low detection limit of 15.3 pg; and, specific without cross-amplification with common duck origin pathogens, such as, Muscovy duck parvovirus, duck circovirus, goose parvovirus, Escherichia coli, Rimerella anatipstifer and Pasteurella multocida. Consequently, it was considered applicable for future studies on the pathogenic mechanism of DEV.
2018, 33(3): 225-229.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.002
Abstract:
Two-day-old mule ducklings were orally inoculated with short beak and dwarfism syndrome goose parvovirus (SBDS-GPV, strain M15) for this study. Swab samples from oropharynx and cloaca of the infected birds were collected after 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, and 21 days post infection (dPI) for the virus detection by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), virus isolation (VI), and immunofluorescence (IFA). As determined by qPCR, the excretion of SBDS-GPV through oropharynx occurred in 3-10 dPI, and cloaca, in 3-14 dPI. On the other hand, the VI and IFA tests indicated that the cloacal excretion happened in 5-10 dPI. The results, for the first time, demonstrated that SBDS-GPV could pass through both oropharynx and cloaca of a diseased duckling, and that the greater extent of the excretion took place via cloaca.
Two-day-old mule ducklings were orally inoculated with short beak and dwarfism syndrome goose parvovirus (SBDS-GPV, strain M15) for this study. Swab samples from oropharynx and cloaca of the infected birds were collected after 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, and 21 days post infection (dPI) for the virus detection by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), virus isolation (VI), and immunofluorescence (IFA). As determined by qPCR, the excretion of SBDS-GPV through oropharynx occurred in 3-10 dPI, and cloaca, in 3-14 dPI. On the other hand, the VI and IFA tests indicated that the cloacal excretion happened in 5-10 dPI. The results, for the first time, demonstrated that SBDS-GPV could pass through both oropharynx and cloaca of a diseased duckling, and that the greater extent of the excretion took place via cloaca.
2018, 33(3): 230-235.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.003
Abstract:
Sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA, COX1 and Cytb genes were determined to establish the phylogenetic relationship among 11 species of anemonefish using the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods with the divergence and genetic distances determined as well. The 3 genes had a combined length of 4 388 bp that consisted of 1 028 polymorphic and 616 parsimonious-information sites. The ratio of transition to transversion was 2.12, and the average A+T content was 54.7%, which was higher than 45.3% for C+G in the genes. It was found that (1) the subfamily Amphiprioninae was monophyly, but the genus Amphiprion was not monophyletic, implying Premnas should be reclassified; (2) the phylogenetic trees grouped the percula complex into a clade that formed the ancestral taxon of anemonefish, but the phylogenetic relationship was uncertain in regard to Premnas biaculeatus; and, while the Bayesian tree placed the percula complex and P. biaculeatus in a same clade, NJ and ML tree classified P. biaculeatus in a clade with subgenera Amphiprion, Paramphiprion and Phalerebus; and, (3) the genetic distance between species suggested a possibility of P. biaculeatus and Premnas epigrammata being identical.
Sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA, COX1 and Cytb genes were determined to establish the phylogenetic relationship among 11 species of anemonefish using the neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods with the divergence and genetic distances determined as well. The 3 genes had a combined length of 4 388 bp that consisted of 1 028 polymorphic and 616 parsimonious-information sites. The ratio of transition to transversion was 2.12, and the average A+T content was 54.7%, which was higher than 45.3% for C+G in the genes. It was found that (1) the subfamily Amphiprioninae was monophyly, but the genus Amphiprion was not monophyletic, implying Premnas should be reclassified; (2) the phylogenetic trees grouped the percula complex into a clade that formed the ancestral taxon of anemonefish, but the phylogenetic relationship was uncertain in regard to Premnas biaculeatus; and, while the Bayesian tree placed the percula complex and P. biaculeatus in a same clade, NJ and ML tree classified P. biaculeatus in a clade with subgenera Amphiprion, Paramphiprion and Phalerebus; and, (3) the genetic distance between species suggested a possibility of P. biaculeatus and Premnas epigrammata being identical.
2018, 33(3): 236-239.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.004
Abstract:
To obtain desirable chromosome samples for studying wheat roots, two preparation methods were compared for optimization. The root-tip cells of three wheat varieties (i.e., Taichung 29, Chinese Spring and Zhong 4) were collected for the study on the conventional and the enzymatic digestion methods. Aiming for microscopically clearly defined chromosome samples, the evaluation and optimization criteria encompassed the operation time, staining procedure, chromosome dissociation and sample preparation of the methods. The conventional method took up to a week to operate, and required precise controls in dissociating and staining the chromosomes as well as preparing microscope slides. On the other hand, the enzymatic method was conducted by pulverization without staining and slice-making, and the entire procedure could be completed in 4-5 days. Not only that the procedures were simpler and less prone to errors, the enzymatic method could generate many specimens in a single run. Consequently, it was considered superior to the conventional method for the chromosome sample preparation.
To obtain desirable chromosome samples for studying wheat roots, two preparation methods were compared for optimization. The root-tip cells of three wheat varieties (i.e., Taichung 29, Chinese Spring and Zhong 4) were collected for the study on the conventional and the enzymatic digestion methods. Aiming for microscopically clearly defined chromosome samples, the evaluation and optimization criteria encompassed the operation time, staining procedure, chromosome dissociation and sample preparation of the methods. The conventional method took up to a week to operate, and required precise controls in dissociating and staining the chromosomes as well as preparing microscope slides. On the other hand, the enzymatic method was conducted by pulverization without staining and slice-making, and the entire procedure could be completed in 4-5 days. Not only that the procedures were simpler and less prone to errors, the enzymatic method could generate many specimens in a single run. Consequently, it was considered superior to the conventional method for the chromosome sample preparation.
2018, 33(3): 240-247.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.005
Abstract:
Yunyan 87 tobacco was used in a pot experiment to study the effect of an application of bamboocharcoal and a vinasse fertilizer on the growth of the plants in a soil artificially laden with quinclorac. The herbicide stress would normally cause a phytotoxicity showing physiological, ultrastructural and chemical composition abnormalities on the plants. The results showed that caused tobacco plant deformity growth by quinclorac residue in the soil. However, by adding bamboo charcoal and 100 g vinasse fertilizer per plant, the best mitigation results were observed. After transplanting, the tobacco seedling experienced on plant height and leaf width had significantly mitigation effect in 30 and 60 days. The roots developed well the length of the main roots longer than that of control (singnificant at P < 0.05). Bamboo charcoal and vinasse fertilizer addition in soil on activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) singnificantly increased, and those of peroxidase(POD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) singnificantly decreased in the tobacco leaves. Meanwhile, the number of starch granules in the leaf chloroplasts increased, the cell walls became clear, the plastids adhered tightly to the cell wall, and the cell structure of some previously damaged organelles mended. The chemical composition of tobacco leaves was improved, with a nitrogen/alkali ratio of 0.97 and suger/alkali ratio of 7.01.
Yunyan 87 tobacco was used in a pot experiment to study the effect of an application of bamboocharcoal and a vinasse fertilizer on the growth of the plants in a soil artificially laden with quinclorac. The herbicide stress would normally cause a phytotoxicity showing physiological, ultrastructural and chemical composition abnormalities on the plants. The results showed that caused tobacco plant deformity growth by quinclorac residue in the soil. However, by adding bamboo charcoal and 100 g vinasse fertilizer per plant, the best mitigation results were observed. After transplanting, the tobacco seedling experienced on plant height and leaf width had significantly mitigation effect in 30 and 60 days. The roots developed well the length of the main roots longer than that of control (singnificant at P < 0.05). Bamboo charcoal and vinasse fertilizer addition in soil on activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) singnificantly increased, and those of peroxidase(POD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) singnificantly decreased in the tobacco leaves. Meanwhile, the number of starch granules in the leaf chloroplasts increased, the cell walls became clear, the plastids adhered tightly to the cell wall, and the cell structure of some previously damaged organelles mended. The chemical composition of tobacco leaves was improved, with a nitrogen/alkali ratio of 0.97 and suger/alkali ratio of 7.01.
2018, 33(3): 248-253.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.006
Abstract:
A new variety of sweet potato, Longshu 31, was bred from Longshu 9 at Longyan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Longyan, Fujian. In the National Southern Sweet Potato Regional Test and Fujian Provincial Sweet Potato Regional Test, the new breed showed significantly higher fresh tuber yield, dry matters and starch compared with Guangshu87 and Jinshan 57, as well as desirable sensory quality, appearance, shelf-life and disease resistance. The variety has been nationally registered and certified in 2016.
A new variety of sweet potato, Longshu 31, was bred from Longshu 9 at Longyan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Longyan, Fujian. In the National Southern Sweet Potato Regional Test and Fujian Provincial Sweet Potato Regional Test, the new breed showed significantly higher fresh tuber yield, dry matters and starch compared with Guangshu87 and Jinshan 57, as well as desirable sensory quality, appearance, shelf-life and disease resistance. The variety has been nationally registered and certified in 2016.
2018, 33(3): 254-257.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.007
Abstract:
Molecular marker technique of SCoT was applied to analyze the genetic diversity of the sugarcane varieties (or lines) bred at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, along with the conventional cultivars for comparison. Establishment of the genetic relationship among the germplasms provided the needed reference for breeding and identification of the existing resource. Fifteen SCoT primers were selected to amplify the genome DNAs of 23 test materials. A total of 122 loci, with 56.56% of them polymorphic, were obtained averaging 8.1 bands detected by each primer. A clustering analysis revealed a minute genetic difference existed among 23 sugarcane varieties with a similarity coefficient ranging from 0.77 to 0.98, indicating a close relationship in origins of the breeding parents, duplicated applications, and low genetic diversities among the cultivars.
Molecular marker technique of SCoT was applied to analyze the genetic diversity of the sugarcane varieties (or lines) bred at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, along with the conventional cultivars for comparison. Establishment of the genetic relationship among the germplasms provided the needed reference for breeding and identification of the existing resource. Fifteen SCoT primers were selected to amplify the genome DNAs of 23 test materials. A total of 122 loci, with 56.56% of them polymorphic, were obtained averaging 8.1 bands detected by each primer. A clustering analysis revealed a minute genetic difference existed among 23 sugarcane varieties with a similarity coefficient ranging from 0.77 to 0.98, indicating a close relationship in origins of the breeding parents, duplicated applications, and low genetic diversities among the cultivars.
2018, 33(3): 258-262.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.008
Abstract:
Stem segments of Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall.) lindl. Huaye were used as the explants to induce bud clumps. Varied medium (i.e., MS, B5 or improved MS) and phytohormone (i.e., TDZ, 6-BA, KT or IBA) were applied for the tissue regeneration experiment of an orthogonal design. It was found the major factors affecting the bud multiplication to be basal medium, KT, 6-BA and TDZ. The optimal multiplication was achieved by using the improved MS+6-BA with additions of 2.0 mg·L-1+KT 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+sugar 30.0 g·L-1+agar powder 3.0 g·L-1, and carrageenan 3.6 g·L-1. An averaged propagation coefficient of 4.58 in 60 days was obtained. For rooting, the improved MS+6-BA with added 0.3 mg ·L-1+AC 0.5 g·L-1+sugar 20.0 g·L-1+agar powder 3.6 g·L-1 and carrageenan 3.6 g·L-1, rendered a 100.0% rate in 60 days.
Stem segments of Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall.) lindl. Huaye were used as the explants to induce bud clumps. Varied medium (i.e., MS, B5 or improved MS) and phytohormone (i.e., TDZ, 6-BA, KT or IBA) were applied for the tissue regeneration experiment of an orthogonal design. It was found the major factors affecting the bud multiplication to be basal medium, KT, 6-BA and TDZ. The optimal multiplication was achieved by using the improved MS+6-BA with additions of 2.0 mg·L-1+KT 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+sugar 30.0 g·L-1+agar powder 3.0 g·L-1, and carrageenan 3.6 g·L-1. An averaged propagation coefficient of 4.58 in 60 days was obtained. For rooting, the improved MS+6-BA with added 0.3 mg ·L-1+AC 0.5 g·L-1+sugar 20.0 g·L-1+agar powder 3.6 g·L-1 and carrageenan 3.6 g·L-1, rendered a 100.0% rate in 60 days.
2018, 33(3): 263-268.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.009
Abstract:
Genetic relationships among 196 grape cultivars collected from various regions in Fujian were determined using ISSR-PCR. The 12 selected primers amplified 164 bands from the plants with up to 91.44% polymorphic loci. The clustering analysis revealed that the germplasms could be divided into three categories as the eastern Asia population, the inter-specific hybrids (Vitis vinifera V. labrusca) and V. vinifera. A population genetic polymorphism analysis on the cultivars showed abundant diversities among them.
Genetic relationships among 196 grape cultivars collected from various regions in Fujian were determined using ISSR-PCR. The 12 selected primers amplified 164 bands from the plants with up to 91.44% polymorphic loci. The clustering analysis revealed that the germplasms could be divided into three categories as the eastern Asia population, the inter-specific hybrids (Vitis vinifera V. labrusca) and V. vinifera. A population genetic polymorphism analysis on the cultivars showed abundant diversities among them.
2018, 33(3): 269-273.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.010
Abstract:
Dwarf-pruning on Lidongben longan plants at a closed orchard was carried out to study the changes on the photosynthetic characteristics of the plants at fruit maturing stage, the associated environmental factors, and the fruit quality and yield at harvest. After pruning, the light intensity and temperature on the tree crowns increased, and the relative humidity decreased slightly, while the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves significantly increased, but the intercellular CO2 decreased. The single fruit weight and the soluble solids of the fruits on the upper crowns, as well as the soluble solids of the fruits in the crown interior, increased significantly. However, no significant difference on fruit yield per plant was observed with the pruning.
Dwarf-pruning on Lidongben longan plants at a closed orchard was carried out to study the changes on the photosynthetic characteristics of the plants at fruit maturing stage, the associated environmental factors, and the fruit quality and yield at harvest. After pruning, the light intensity and temperature on the tree crowns increased, and the relative humidity decreased slightly, while the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves significantly increased, but the intercellular CO2 decreased. The single fruit weight and the soluble solids of the fruits on the upper crowns, as well as the soluble solids of the fruits in the crown interior, increased significantly. However, no significant difference on fruit yield per plant was observed with the pruning.
2018, 33(3): 274-281.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.011
Abstract:
Effect of CO2 enrichment on the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in tomato plants was studied in a greenhouse. The atmospheric CO2 concentration was maintained at 400±25 μmol/mol (CK), 600±25 μmol/mol (T1), 800±25 μmol/mol (T2), or 1, 000±25 μmol/mol (T3) during the entire growth period of Xinghai No.12 tomato plants. Contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch in the sources and sinks of individual plants were determined. The results indicated that CO2 enrichment increased the NSC in various organs of a plant. As the plants grew and developed, the glucose content in the leaves peaked when the fruits were ripening. The content increased 94% over CK under T3 when CO2 at the highest level. At T3, the sucrose content remained highest among all treatments throughout the entire growth stages. The starch in leaves was relatively low under T2. High CO2 content in the air increased NSC in the vascular organs of the plants, especially the stems, which had the highest content in the first 3 stages of fruit development under T3. In the sepals, the enriched CO2 did not show any significant effect on NSC. However, it hastened the breakdown of sucrose and starch increasing 46% on glucose and 42% on fructose accumulations in the fruits under T2. It appeared that CO2 enrichment could promote the NSC accumulation in various parts of a tomato plant and transport the photosynthates from the source to the sink improving the eating quality of the fruits. Over all, the T2 treatment seemed to be optimal for the purpose.
Effect of CO2 enrichment on the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in tomato plants was studied in a greenhouse. The atmospheric CO2 concentration was maintained at 400±25 μmol/mol (CK), 600±25 μmol/mol (T1), 800±25 μmol/mol (T2), or 1, 000±25 μmol/mol (T3) during the entire growth period of Xinghai No.12 tomato plants. Contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch in the sources and sinks of individual plants were determined. The results indicated that CO2 enrichment increased the NSC in various organs of a plant. As the plants grew and developed, the glucose content in the leaves peaked when the fruits were ripening. The content increased 94% over CK under T3 when CO2 at the highest level. At T3, the sucrose content remained highest among all treatments throughout the entire growth stages. The starch in leaves was relatively low under T2. High CO2 content in the air increased NSC in the vascular organs of the plants, especially the stems, which had the highest content in the first 3 stages of fruit development under T3. In the sepals, the enriched CO2 did not show any significant effect on NSC. However, it hastened the breakdown of sucrose and starch increasing 46% on glucose and 42% on fructose accumulations in the fruits under T2. It appeared that CO2 enrichment could promote the NSC accumulation in various parts of a tomato plant and transport the photosynthates from the source to the sink improving the eating quality of the fruits. Over all, the T2 treatment seemed to be optimal for the purpose.
2018, 33(3): 282-287.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.012
Abstract:
Samples of Agaricus bisporus As2796 fruiting bodies in 4 developmental stages were collected for transcriptome sequencing. After aligned with the reference genome sequence of the mushroom, 9 207 transcripts were identified. Among them, 393 were new genes with 164 being functionally annotated. The expression level of the genes was analyzed to differentiate the samples. The alignments showed an overlapping of 316 differentially expressed genes between the primordium and the 3 other developmental stages. An analysis and function evaluation on these genes were performed for further study on the growth and development of A. bisporus fruiting body.
Samples of Agaricus bisporus As2796 fruiting bodies in 4 developmental stages were collected for transcriptome sequencing. After aligned with the reference genome sequence of the mushroom, 9 207 transcripts were identified. Among them, 393 were new genes with 164 being functionally annotated. The expression level of the genes was analyzed to differentiate the samples. The alignments showed an overlapping of 316 differentially expressed genes between the primordium and the 3 other developmental stages. An analysis and function evaluation on these genes were performed for further study on the growth and development of A. bisporus fruiting body.
2018, 33(3): 288-292.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.013
Abstract:
To enable a rapid and sensitive determination of being virus-free for a Pseudostellaria heterophylla seedling, a nested RT-PCR method was developed. Detection of the presence of either Broad bean wilt virus(BBWV2) or Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV) in the sample was a proof of the existence of the diseases. Two pairs of degenerate primers were designed respectively according to the conserved sequence regions of the two coat protein (cp) genes of the viruses from GenBank. The nested RT-PCR detection protocols were optimized. Subsequently, detecting sensitivities of the conventional and the nested RT-PCRs were compared. Meanwhile, 7 samples of cultivated P. heterophylla along with 4 of virus-free test-tube plantlets were used in a challenge test on the nested RT-PCR methodology. The results showed that, by using the annealing temperature of 60℃ for BBWV2 and 62℃ for TuMV on the nested primers, specific bands could be detected on a 105x dilution of the first strand cDNA for both viruses. That suggested at least 10-fold higher a sensitivity was achieved by the nested than the conventional RT-PCR. It was concluded that the newly established assay method was rapid, stable, sensitive and accurate for detecting BBWV2 or TuMV in P. heterophylla, and therefore, could be adequately applied to certify a virus-free status or not on a P. heterophylla sample.
To enable a rapid and sensitive determination of being virus-free for a Pseudostellaria heterophylla seedling, a nested RT-PCR method was developed. Detection of the presence of either Broad bean wilt virus(BBWV2) or Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV) in the sample was a proof of the existence of the diseases. Two pairs of degenerate primers were designed respectively according to the conserved sequence regions of the two coat protein (cp) genes of the viruses from GenBank. The nested RT-PCR detection protocols were optimized. Subsequently, detecting sensitivities of the conventional and the nested RT-PCRs were compared. Meanwhile, 7 samples of cultivated P. heterophylla along with 4 of virus-free test-tube plantlets were used in a challenge test on the nested RT-PCR methodology. The results showed that, by using the annealing temperature of 60℃ for BBWV2 and 62℃ for TuMV on the nested primers, specific bands could be detected on a 105x dilution of the first strand cDNA for both viruses. That suggested at least 10-fold higher a sensitivity was achieved by the nested than the conventional RT-PCR. It was concluded that the newly established assay method was rapid, stable, sensitive and accurate for detecting BBWV2 or TuMV in P. heterophylla, and therefore, could be adequately applied to certify a virus-free status or not on a P. heterophylla sample.
2018, 33(3): 293-300.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.014
Abstract:
To understand the indirect effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on the growth, development and population reproduction of A. hygrophila, Age-stage two-sex life table of A. hygrophila feeding on A. philoxeroides grown in different CO2 concentrations were constructed. The results showed that, as the CO2 concentration increasing, the development duration was shortened, the oviposition period was lengthened, and the fecundity increased of A. hygrophila feeding on A. philoxeroides grown in correspond CO2 environment. So it's indirectly beneficial for the fecundity of A. hygrophila. In the same CO2 concentration (420 μL·L-1) condition, the oviposition period and the fecundity of F5 were less than those of F1, but the development duration was lengthened. This indicated that the fecundity of A. hygrophila was declined with generation development under laboratory conditions. In the 420 μL·L-1 CO2 concentration condition, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) of F5 were less than F1, and the R0 and r of F5 in 750 μL·L-1 CO2 concentration condition were also less than F1, but higher than that of F5 in 420 μL·L-1 CO2 concentration. The finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) had no significant differences. The fertile female ratio at higher concentration was significantly higher than those at lower concentration. These results indicated that the reproductive of A. hygrophila feeding on A. philoxeroides grown in elevated CO2 concentrations may be enhanced and the elevated CO2 concentrations plays a positive effect on the growth and the development of A. hygrophila population.
To understand the indirect effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on the growth, development and population reproduction of A. hygrophila, Age-stage two-sex life table of A. hygrophila feeding on A. philoxeroides grown in different CO2 concentrations were constructed. The results showed that, as the CO2 concentration increasing, the development duration was shortened, the oviposition period was lengthened, and the fecundity increased of A. hygrophila feeding on A. philoxeroides grown in correspond CO2 environment. So it's indirectly beneficial for the fecundity of A. hygrophila. In the same CO2 concentration (420 μL·L-1) condition, the oviposition period and the fecundity of F5 were less than those of F1, but the development duration was lengthened. This indicated that the fecundity of A. hygrophila was declined with generation development under laboratory conditions. In the 420 μL·L-1 CO2 concentration condition, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) of F5 were less than F1, and the R0 and r of F5 in 750 μL·L-1 CO2 concentration condition were also less than F1, but higher than that of F5 in 420 μL·L-1 CO2 concentration. The finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) had no significant differences. The fertile female ratio at higher concentration was significantly higher than those at lower concentration. These results indicated that the reproductive of A. hygrophila feeding on A. philoxeroides grown in elevated CO2 concentrations may be enhanced and the elevated CO2 concentrations plays a positive effect on the growth and the development of A. hygrophila population.
2018, 33(3): 301-308.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.015
Abstract:
Urbanization and municipal development inevitably brings about the ever-increasing impervious surfaces in the city. Such spatial evolution hindered rainwater infiltration on the ground causing water logging and heat island effect. Consequently, the changes in urban landscape and land use pattern have become a major concern for the government and people live in the city. Through a keen understanding of the Space-and-time evolution of impervious surface, can help us to protect the urban ecosystem and building "sponge city". For Xiamen, in the current study, the V-I-S model applied to extract the impervious surface in the city from four Landsat remote images taken in 2000, 2004, 2010 and 2015. The spatial pattern and temporal evolution of the municipal impervious surface in the past 15 years were constructed for a detailed analysis using transfer matrix and landscape pattern index. The results showed that LHISA, MHISA and HDISA in Xiamen expanded continually from 2000 through 2015, with the accumulated increases of 10 394.73 hm2、9 802.89 hm2 and 8 942.4 hm2 respectively. Meanwhile, LDISA and VLISA were declined rapidly, as LDISA reduced to 18 958.95 hm2 and VLISA remarkably decreased from 43 906.86 hm2 in 2000 to 8 327.79 hm2 in 2015. The correlation between the impervious surface pattern on the landscape and the urban ecological environment was discussed with respect to the optimized scientific planning of the impervious surface for the city.
Urbanization and municipal development inevitably brings about the ever-increasing impervious surfaces in the city. Such spatial evolution hindered rainwater infiltration on the ground causing water logging and heat island effect. Consequently, the changes in urban landscape and land use pattern have become a major concern for the government and people live in the city. Through a keen understanding of the Space-and-time evolution of impervious surface, can help us to protect the urban ecosystem and building "sponge city". For Xiamen, in the current study, the V-I-S model applied to extract the impervious surface in the city from four Landsat remote images taken in 2000, 2004, 2010 and 2015. The spatial pattern and temporal evolution of the municipal impervious surface in the past 15 years were constructed for a detailed analysis using transfer matrix and landscape pattern index. The results showed that LHISA, MHISA and HDISA in Xiamen expanded continually from 2000 through 2015, with the accumulated increases of 10 394.73 hm2、9 802.89 hm2 and 8 942.4 hm2 respectively. Meanwhile, LDISA and VLISA were declined rapidly, as LDISA reduced to 18 958.95 hm2 and VLISA remarkably decreased from 43 906.86 hm2 in 2000 to 8 327.79 hm2 in 2015. The correlation between the impervious surface pattern on the landscape and the urban ecological environment was discussed with respect to the optimized scientific planning of the impervious surface for the city.
2018, 33(3): 309-312.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.016
Abstract:
Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was applied to analyze the aromatic components in 27 Lentinula edodes. The measurement data were subsequently subjected to the principal component, clustering and heatmap analyses. Accordingly, the mushrooms were clustered into two groups. Two principal components of the volatiles contributed 30.2% and 26.9% of the total variance among the mushroom samples. The analytical method and the established fingerprints on the chemical components would be useful for future studies on L. edodes.
Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was applied to analyze the aromatic components in 27 Lentinula edodes. The measurement data were subsequently subjected to the principal component, clustering and heatmap analyses. Accordingly, the mushrooms were clustered into two groups. Two principal components of the volatiles contributed 30.2% and 26.9% of the total variance among the mushroom samples. The analytical method and the established fingerprints on the chemical components would be useful for future studies on L. edodes.
2018, 33(3): 313-320.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.017
Abstract:
Taking Qingliu county, a typical mountainous agricultural region in Fujian, as an example, this study selected 16 indicators, such as per capita cultivated land, to analyze the ecological security of the area. From 2010 to 2016, data were collected to fit in the entropy-based matter-element model for comparisons and evaluations. The results showed that (1) the security level of the area cultivated land belonged to the "transition toward security" classification, but the trend could possibly reverse; (2) programs like the "Comprehensive Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes" enhanced the eco-security, but the population growth as well as 5 other factors could restrict the extent of potential improvement; and, (3) in general, the conclusion drawn by this study agreed with that obtained by the multi-index comprehensive evaluation with a few year-to-year discrepancies; however, the matter-element model was deemed more intuitive and accurate in analyzing the impact of individual indicators.
Taking Qingliu county, a typical mountainous agricultural region in Fujian, as an example, this study selected 16 indicators, such as per capita cultivated land, to analyze the ecological security of the area. From 2010 to 2016, data were collected to fit in the entropy-based matter-element model for comparisons and evaluations. The results showed that (1) the security level of the area cultivated land belonged to the "transition toward security" classification, but the trend could possibly reverse; (2) programs like the "Comprehensive Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes" enhanced the eco-security, but the population growth as well as 5 other factors could restrict the extent of potential improvement; and, (3) in general, the conclusion drawn by this study agreed with that obtained by the multi-index comprehensive evaluation with a few year-to-year discrepancies; however, the matter-element model was deemed more intuitive and accurate in analyzing the impact of individual indicators.
2018, 33(3): 321-325.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.018
Abstract:
Development of agricultural e-commerce relies on the product attributes to a greater extent than other market segments. Based on results from previous reports and current field survey, the author categorized the factors affecting the development in the aspects of technic, business, product and external elements, and proposed 11 variables that might steer the movements of the industry. Data and information on 126 selected enterprises in Fujian were firstly verified for reliability, and then, fitted to a logistic model for an analysis. The results indicated that the informatization, quality assurance, brand recognition, standardization, consumer awareness, public policy, infrastructure, and human resources exerted significant impacts on the development. Accordingly, suggestions for promoting the agricultural e-commerce are presented.
Development of agricultural e-commerce relies on the product attributes to a greater extent than other market segments. Based on results from previous reports and current field survey, the author categorized the factors affecting the development in the aspects of technic, business, product and external elements, and proposed 11 variables that might steer the movements of the industry. Data and information on 126 selected enterprises in Fujian were firstly verified for reliability, and then, fitted to a logistic model for an analysis. The results indicated that the informatization, quality assurance, brand recognition, standardization, consumer awareness, public policy, infrastructure, and human resources exerted significant impacts on the development. Accordingly, suggestions for promoting the agricultural e-commerce are presented.
2018, 33(3): 326-333.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.03.019
Abstract:
Genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the most studied and applied genetic material for transgenic plant bioengineering research. For instance, the transgenic Bt rice is highly effective in controlling lepidopterous pests, such as the striped stem borer, yellow stem borer and rice leaf roller. Consequently, commercial cultivation of Bt rice has become a focal point for the scientists in China and abroad. This article reviews current progress on the related studies with an emphasize on the ecological effect of Bt rice on non-target insects in the field. Future development and research concerning the issues are discussed.
Genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are the most studied and applied genetic material for transgenic plant bioengineering research. For instance, the transgenic Bt rice is highly effective in controlling lepidopterous pests, such as the striped stem borer, yellow stem borer and rice leaf roller. Consequently, commercial cultivation of Bt rice has become a focal point for the scientists in China and abroad. This article reviews current progress on the related studies with an emphasize on the ecological effect of Bt rice on non-target insects in the field. Future development and research concerning the issues are discussed.
