2017 Vol. 32, No. 12
Display Method:
2017, 32(12): 1275-1280.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.001
Abstract:
A new variety of indica hybrid rice restoring line, Fuhui 7185, was developed by crossing and successive back-crossing with systemic selection between the strong restoring line, Fuhui 653, and a storable variety, Yunhui 290.The obtained Fuhui 7185 had desirable leaf morphology, agronomic traits, combining ability, resilience and storability that would enjoy high value and commercial potential on the market.Under microscope, the testas of Fuhui 7185 showed fewer trichomes than those of control.And, the structure of starch granules remained relatively unaltered after artificial aging for 20 d, suggesting a high storability for the newly developed hybrid rice.
A new variety of indica hybrid rice restoring line, Fuhui 7185, was developed by crossing and successive back-crossing with systemic selection between the strong restoring line, Fuhui 653, and a storable variety, Yunhui 290.The obtained Fuhui 7185 had desirable leaf morphology, agronomic traits, combining ability, resilience and storability that would enjoy high value and commercial potential on the market.Under microscope, the testas of Fuhui 7185 showed fewer trichomes than those of control.And, the structure of starch granules remained relatively unaltered after artificial aging for 20 d, suggesting a high storability for the newly developed hybrid rice.
2017, 32(12): 1281-1286.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.002
Abstract:
The compact rice with erect panicles, Shennong 07425, and the loose rice with curved panicles, Akihikari, were used to study the effect of nitrogen applications on thephysiological and biochemical properties of the different types of rice plants.Activities of antioxidant enzymes and damages occurred to thecell membranes of the plants were the criteria used for the evaluation.It was found that MDA inthe leaves of both varieties elevated as the plants aged, and it was more apparent on Akihikari.In addition, either low or high nitrogenlevel resulted in a higher MDA content than those in between.Both varieties, especially Shennong 07425, exhibited a downward trend on CAT and SOD activities with increasingnitrogenapplications.The leaf POD activityrose slightly as theplant grew, reached a peak 15 days after grouting, andended with a gradual decline.The enzymatic activities were more significantly affected by high than low nitrogenlevels.Consequently, it was concluded that a nitrogen fertilization in the range of N 0.1-0.2 g·kg-1 would enhancethe activities of the protective enzymesin scavenging free radicals delaying senescence of leaves on the plants.Furthermore, theMDA content and POD activity of a rice variety could be used as an indicator in selecting and/or breeding a high-yieldcultivar with an efficient nitrogen utilization capability.
The compact rice with erect panicles, Shennong 07425, and the loose rice with curved panicles, Akihikari, were used to study the effect of nitrogen applications on thephysiological and biochemical properties of the different types of rice plants.Activities of antioxidant enzymes and damages occurred to thecell membranes of the plants were the criteria used for the evaluation.It was found that MDA inthe leaves of both varieties elevated as the plants aged, and it was more apparent on Akihikari.In addition, either low or high nitrogenlevel resulted in a higher MDA content than those in between.Both varieties, especially Shennong 07425, exhibited a downward trend on CAT and SOD activities with increasingnitrogenapplications.The leaf POD activityrose slightly as theplant grew, reached a peak 15 days after grouting, andended with a gradual decline.The enzymatic activities were more significantly affected by high than low nitrogenlevels.Consequently, it was concluded that a nitrogen fertilization in the range of N 0.1-0.2 g·kg-1 would enhancethe activities of the protective enzymesin scavenging free radicals delaying senescence of leaves on the plants.Furthermore, theMDA content and POD activity of a rice variety could be used as an indicator in selecting and/or breeding a high-yieldcultivar with an efficient nitrogen utilization capability.
2017, 32(12): 1287-1290.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.003
Abstract:
Effects of spraying leaves with a boron fertilizer solution of varied concentrations on the growth of roots and plant as well as the productivity of a low-yield Liuku 2081 tartary buckwheat were studied.With the spraying, the contents of ammonium nutrients and organic matters in the rhizosphere soil significantly decreased, while those of available phosphorus and potassium as well as the total length, surface area, volume and mean diameter of the roots and the plant yield increased significantly.At the applied boron concentration of 24 mg·L-1, the tartary buckwheat yield peaked to nearly double that of control.Significant correlations were observed between the length and the surface area and volume of the roots, between the surface area and the volume of the roots, and between the counts of the main stems and the branches on the plant.
Effects of spraying leaves with a boron fertilizer solution of varied concentrations on the growth of roots and plant as well as the productivity of a low-yield Liuku 2081 tartary buckwheat were studied.With the spraying, the contents of ammonium nutrients and organic matters in the rhizosphere soil significantly decreased, while those of available phosphorus and potassium as well as the total length, surface area, volume and mean diameter of the roots and the plant yield increased significantly.At the applied boron concentration of 24 mg·L-1, the tartary buckwheat yield peaked to nearly double that of control.Significant correlations were observed between the length and the surface area and volume of the roots, between the surface area and the volume of the roots, and between the counts of the main stems and the branches on the plant.
2017, 32(12): 1291-1297.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.004
Abstract:
Virus-free test-tube seedlings of a potato cultivar, Quanyun No.4, were used in this study to analyze and optimize the cultivation conditions for producing original cultivar seeds.A complete split-plot experimental design was applied for the optimization on substrate formulation, planting density and fertilization in the experiment.The results indicated that the 3 factors were highly significant in affecting the seed yield, marketable tuber production and economic indicators.The chlorophyll content, leaf area indices, tuber yield and relevant economic considerations of the seeds grown on Formula A4 (substrate in a ratio of vermiculite:perlite:sand=1:1:2) were the highest among all tested media.The planting density B1 with a row spacing of 0.05 m×0.10 m effectively increased the yields on seeds and marketable potatoes with an improved financial return.The Fertilization C2 applying fertilizer twice weekly increased the seed production while maintained a high percentage of marketable potatoes harvested.An extremely significant interaction among the substrate formulation, planting density and fertilization frequency was observed.In the end, the conditions for an efficient production of potato cultivar seeds would include a culture substrate consisting of vermiculite and sand in 1:1 ratio, a planting spacing between rows of 0.05 m×0.10 m, and fertilizer application twice a week.
Virus-free test-tube seedlings of a potato cultivar, Quanyun No.4, were used in this study to analyze and optimize the cultivation conditions for producing original cultivar seeds.A complete split-plot experimental design was applied for the optimization on substrate formulation, planting density and fertilization in the experiment.The results indicated that the 3 factors were highly significant in affecting the seed yield, marketable tuber production and economic indicators.The chlorophyll content, leaf area indices, tuber yield and relevant economic considerations of the seeds grown on Formula A4 (substrate in a ratio of vermiculite:perlite:sand=1:1:2) were the highest among all tested media.The planting density B1 with a row spacing of 0.05 m×0.10 m effectively increased the yields on seeds and marketable potatoes with an improved financial return.The Fertilization C2 applying fertilizer twice weekly increased the seed production while maintained a high percentage of marketable potatoes harvested.An extremely significant interaction among the substrate formulation, planting density and fertilization frequency was observed.In the end, the conditions for an efficient production of potato cultivar seeds would include a culture substrate consisting of vermiculite and sand in 1:1 ratio, a planting spacing between rows of 0.05 m×0.10 m, and fertilizer application twice a week.
2017, 32(12): 1298-1302.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.005
Abstract:
The genetic relationship among 17 representative tea cultivars from various regions in central Yunnan was analyzed using ISSR markers.Out of the randomly selected 28 primers in testing DNA polymorphism of the teas, 15 produced distinctive bands and were chosen for amplification.The ISSR-PCR amplified primers showed 112 stable and clearly defined bands.Of which, 103 were polymorphic (a rate of 91.96%) averaging 7.4 bands each.The GS scores on the cultivars ranged from 0.58 to 0.80 with discrete classifications of Group Ⅰ that consisted of 12 germplasms and Group Ⅱ that composed of the remaining 5 germplasms.
The genetic relationship among 17 representative tea cultivars from various regions in central Yunnan was analyzed using ISSR markers.Out of the randomly selected 28 primers in testing DNA polymorphism of the teas, 15 produced distinctive bands and were chosen for amplification.The ISSR-PCR amplified primers showed 112 stable and clearly defined bands.Of which, 103 were polymorphic (a rate of 91.96%) averaging 7.4 bands each.The GS scores on the cultivars ranged from 0.58 to 0.80 with discrete classifications of Group Ⅰ that consisted of 12 germplasms and Group Ⅱ that composed of the remaining 5 germplasms.
2017, 32(12): 1303-1308.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.006
Abstract:
Feasibility of using fermented wolfberry branch powder (FWBP) as the main substrate for cultivating cucumbers was studied.Effects of varied formulations consisting of vermiculite, peat and FWBP were evaluated against the physiological indices and yield of the cucumbers grown on them.The results showed that the substrates with a ratio of FWBP:peat:vermiculite=5:2:3 or 6:2:2 had a similar dry bulk, total porosity, aeration porosity, water-holding porosity and gas/water ratio as CK (i.e., peat:perlite=1:2).Moreover, the two formulations significantly improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, potential activity of functional leaf PSⅡ, and light energy conversion efficiency of the leaves on the cucumber plants.
Feasibility of using fermented wolfberry branch powder (FWBP) as the main substrate for cultivating cucumbers was studied.Effects of varied formulations consisting of vermiculite, peat and FWBP were evaluated against the physiological indices and yield of the cucumbers grown on them.The results showed that the substrates with a ratio of FWBP:peat:vermiculite=5:2:3 or 6:2:2 had a similar dry bulk, total porosity, aeration porosity, water-holding porosity and gas/water ratio as CK (i.e., peat:perlite=1:2).Moreover, the two formulations significantly improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, potential activity of functional leaf PSⅡ, and light energy conversion efficiency of the leaves on the cucumber plants.
2017, 32(12): 1309-1314.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.007
Abstract:
Using Fujian germplasm and Sichuan mutant of Auricularia polytricha as parents in a monospore cross breeding, the new strain named Za 10 with high yield, good quality and strong resistance was generated.The mycelia of Za 10 were dense, white in color, vigorous in growth, strong on resistance, and uniform in fruiting.The chrysanthemum-like fruiting body had apparent gill folds on bottom of pileus and fine fluff on cap.It was rich in pectin, and showed clearly separated black and white zones on dried product.In the regional trial, the dried mushroom yield was 66.22 g·bag-1, that was 7.86% more than control.The protein, polysaccharide and amino acid contents in the fruiting body were 23.7%, 27.36%, and 15.55%, respectively, which were higher than those in control.The nutritional incompatibility and RAPD labeling tests showed distinct genetic differences between Za 10 and its parents.With the demonstrated advantages, Za 10 was recommended to be further tested for demonstration and promotion.
Using Fujian germplasm and Sichuan mutant of Auricularia polytricha as parents in a monospore cross breeding, the new strain named Za 10 with high yield, good quality and strong resistance was generated.The mycelia of Za 10 were dense, white in color, vigorous in growth, strong on resistance, and uniform in fruiting.The chrysanthemum-like fruiting body had apparent gill folds on bottom of pileus and fine fluff on cap.It was rich in pectin, and showed clearly separated black and white zones on dried product.In the regional trial, the dried mushroom yield was 66.22 g·bag-1, that was 7.86% more than control.The protein, polysaccharide and amino acid contents in the fruiting body were 23.7%, 27.36%, and 15.55%, respectively, which were higher than those in control.The nutritional incompatibility and RAPD labeling tests showed distinct genetic differences between Za 10 and its parents.With the demonstrated advantages, Za 10 was recommended to be further tested for demonstration and promotion.
2017, 32(12): 1315-1319.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.008
Abstract:
Taraxacum officinale is widely distributed in China.It is highly valued as a medicinal and food material with broad application prospects.However, its waterlogging tolerance has not been reported.Using the dandelions collected in Jingzhou city and at XiJiaChi Garden, Xiangyang city for the experiment, changes in the physiological and morphological indicators of the plants under artificial flooding condition were studied.The results showed that (1) the MDA and free proline contents and CAT activity were significantly higher in Jingzhou than XiJiaChi dandelions, while the chlorophyll content lower than Xijiachi, which suggested that the variety from XiJiaChi were more resistant to waterlogging than that from Jingzhou; and, (2) under 30 ds of waterlogging, the dandelions showed higher scores on the external morphological indices, some with significant differences, as compared to those grown under normal conditions.It appeared that Xijiachi dandelions was highly tolerant to waterlogging and could be adequately planted in Jianghan Plain and other regions with similar geological and environmental conditions.
Taraxacum officinale is widely distributed in China.It is highly valued as a medicinal and food material with broad application prospects.However, its waterlogging tolerance has not been reported.Using the dandelions collected in Jingzhou city and at XiJiaChi Garden, Xiangyang city for the experiment, changes in the physiological and morphological indicators of the plants under artificial flooding condition were studied.The results showed that (1) the MDA and free proline contents and CAT activity were significantly higher in Jingzhou than XiJiaChi dandelions, while the chlorophyll content lower than Xijiachi, which suggested that the variety from XiJiaChi were more resistant to waterlogging than that from Jingzhou; and, (2) under 30 ds of waterlogging, the dandelions showed higher scores on the external morphological indices, some with significant differences, as compared to those grown under normal conditions.It appeared that Xijiachi dandelions was highly tolerant to waterlogging and could be adequately planted in Jianghan Plain and other regions with similar geological and environmental conditions.
2017, 32(12): 1320-1326.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.009
Abstract:
Using aseptic seedings of Dioscorea alata L., effects of various exogenous hormones, materials, and light conditions on the callus induction and differentiation of the stem-segments with nodes of D.alata were studied.The following results were obtained.(1) There was no significant difference on the callus induction between the applications of 6-BA and KT.The hormone combination most conducive to the stem callus induction was either KT 2 mg·L-1+NAA2 mg·L-1 or 6-BA 2 mg·L-1+NAA 2 mg·L-1.(2) The callus induction rates of different explants differed significantly on a same medium.For example, on the MS medium containing 6-BA 2 mg·L-1+NAA 2 mg·L-1, the rate of bulbil induction was 91.167%;that of stem, 86.300%;and, that of leaf, considerably lower at 45.167%.(3) By addition of activated carbon at 0.25 g·L-1 to MS medium, browning of the calluses was significantly alleviated and the induction rate higher than the others.(4) Although there was no significant difference in the callus induction rate of the stems under light and darkness, the stems calluses proliferated more quickly in the dark than under light exposure.(5) The differentiation of adventitious buds from stem calluses was remarkably different at the presence of different hormones.6-BA stimulated the re-differentiation more than KT.The combination of 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.02 mg·L-1 was the best for the regeneration with up to 50% more adventitious buds and growth of shoots more vigorously than the others.
Using aseptic seedings of Dioscorea alata L., effects of various exogenous hormones, materials, and light conditions on the callus induction and differentiation of the stem-segments with nodes of D.alata were studied.The following results were obtained.(1) There was no significant difference on the callus induction between the applications of 6-BA and KT.The hormone combination most conducive to the stem callus induction was either KT 2 mg·L-1+NAA2 mg·L-1 or 6-BA 2 mg·L-1+NAA 2 mg·L-1.(2) The callus induction rates of different explants differed significantly on a same medium.For example, on the MS medium containing 6-BA 2 mg·L-1+NAA 2 mg·L-1, the rate of bulbil induction was 91.167%;that of stem, 86.300%;and, that of leaf, considerably lower at 45.167%.(3) By addition of activated carbon at 0.25 g·L-1 to MS medium, browning of the calluses was significantly alleviated and the induction rate higher than the others.(4) Although there was no significant difference in the callus induction rate of the stems under light and darkness, the stems calluses proliferated more quickly in the dark than under light exposure.(5) The differentiation of adventitious buds from stem calluses was remarkably different at the presence of different hormones.6-BA stimulated the re-differentiation more than KT.The combination of 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.02 mg·L-1 was the best for the regeneration with up to 50% more adventitious buds and growth of shoots more vigorously than the others.
2017, 32(12): 1327-1331.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.010
Abstract:
In this study, twenty-two Agaricus bisporus monokaryons strains were pairwisely paired.Based on strain 9608, two different mating types of monokaryons were obtained.A + strains:9601, 9608, 9609, 9612, AgQG841-1, AgLH830-4, AgLH830-6, AgQL8125-5.A-:9602, 9603, 9604, 9607, Ag2k811-1, M7206-1, M7206-2, M7206-11, M7206-13.The genomic DNA of two strains were extracted and DNA library were constructed.The library was verified by restriction enzyme digestion with SalⅠ.The 20 kb, 14 kb and 9 kb 3 fragments were cut out, of which 20 kb and 9 kb were the inserted into the left and right arms of lambda vector and the fragment of 14kb, was the insertion genomic DNA fragments.Enzyme digestion result was in line with expectations, indicating the higher quality of the library.
In this study, twenty-two Agaricus bisporus monokaryons strains were pairwisely paired.Based on strain 9608, two different mating types of monokaryons were obtained.A + strains:9601, 9608, 9609, 9612, AgQG841-1, AgLH830-4, AgLH830-6, AgQL8125-5.A-:9602, 9603, 9604, 9607, Ag2k811-1, M7206-1, M7206-2, M7206-11, M7206-13.The genomic DNA of two strains were extracted and DNA library were constructed.The library was verified by restriction enzyme digestion with SalⅠ.The 20 kb, 14 kb and 9 kb 3 fragments were cut out, of which 20 kb and 9 kb were the inserted into the left and right arms of lambda vector and the fragment of 14kb, was the insertion genomic DNA fragments.Enzyme digestion result was in line with expectations, indicating the higher quality of the library.
2017, 32(12): 1332-1334.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.011
Abstract:
An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was established using the monoclonal antibodies (Mab E16) against goose parvovirus (GPV) for identification of the short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS)-GPV in ducks. Liver, spleen, kidney and pancreas of the ducklings challenged with SBDS-GPV and the natural infection cases were tested by the new IFA methodology. The results showed that the newly developed IFA was specific, giving positive reaction to GPV only and negative to other viruses of MPV, MDRV, NDRV, DHV, DPV and PMV. Five out of 5 challenged cases and 11 out of 12 natural infection cases showed a positive reaction with bright green fluorescence glow on IFA. Consequently, the new method could be applicable for detecting and diagnosing SBDS in ducks with high specificity, accuracy and rapidity.
An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was established using the monoclonal antibodies (Mab E16) against goose parvovirus (GPV) for identification of the short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS)-GPV in ducks. Liver, spleen, kidney and pancreas of the ducklings challenged with SBDS-GPV and the natural infection cases were tested by the new IFA methodology. The results showed that the newly developed IFA was specific, giving positive reaction to GPV only and negative to other viruses of MPV, MDRV, NDRV, DHV, DPV and PMV. Five out of 5 challenged cases and 11 out of 12 natural infection cases showed a positive reaction with bright green fluorescence glow on IFA. Consequently, the new method could be applicable for detecting and diagnosing SBDS in ducks with high specificity, accuracy and rapidity.
2017, 32(12): 1335-1340.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.012
Abstract:
Pathogen that caused the black rot disease on non-heading Chinese cabbages in Fuzhou was investigated. Microbial samples were collected from the diseased plants for isolation. Based on the morphology and inoculation test, selected microorganisms were tested further. Their 16S rDNA were amplified by PCR with the universal primer 16S. The positive fragment was sequenced and analyzed against NCBI database. A 99.8% homology was found between an isolated bacterium and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Genbank:CP017308.1). Subsequently, the 16S rDNA sequence of the strain from the infected cabbage was confirmed to be identical to that of the pathogen for the inoculation. It was, therefore, concluded that the isolated strain was indeed the pathogen that caused the black rot disease on the non-heading cabbages, and was preliminary identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.
Pathogen that caused the black rot disease on non-heading Chinese cabbages in Fuzhou was investigated. Microbial samples were collected from the diseased plants for isolation. Based on the morphology and inoculation test, selected microorganisms were tested further. Their 16S rDNA were amplified by PCR with the universal primer 16S. The positive fragment was sequenced and analyzed against NCBI database. A 99.8% homology was found between an isolated bacterium and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Genbank:CP017308.1). Subsequently, the 16S rDNA sequence of the strain from the infected cabbage was confirmed to be identical to that of the pathogen for the inoculation. It was, therefore, concluded that the isolated strain was indeed the pathogen that caused the black rot disease on the non-heading cabbages, and was preliminary identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.
2017, 32(12): 1341-1349.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.013
Abstract:
Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important economic crops in Fujian Province. The small leaf spots on the leaves from filamentous fungal infection significantly affect the yield and quality of the corn. To identify the pathogenic agents that caused the disease on sweet corns is essential for the disease control and prevention. Using the single-spore isolation methodology, 103 fungal species were obtained from the corn leaves showing typical small spots (lesion length < 5 mm) in Fuzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, Nanping and Ningde, where the major corn-growing regions in Fujian are located. After a preliminary morphological observation, 8 representative isolates were selected for further examinations. Among them, 5 were morphologically identical to Bipolaris maydis, and 3 highly resembled Curvularia spp. A pathogenic assay on all plants inoculated with the pathogens exhibited similar symptoms as observed on the diseased corns in the field. The rDNA-ITS sequences of 5 isolates were subsequently identified as B. maydis, two as C. lunata, and one as C. eragrostidis. It suggested that the microorganisms that caused the small leaf spots on sweet corns in Fujian were any of those identified. For Fujian, to report C. eragrostidis as culprit of the disease was the first time in China. The degrees of virulence of the 8 identified isolates varied significantly toward 8 different corn varieties.
Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important economic crops in Fujian Province. The small leaf spots on the leaves from filamentous fungal infection significantly affect the yield and quality of the corn. To identify the pathogenic agents that caused the disease on sweet corns is essential for the disease control and prevention. Using the single-spore isolation methodology, 103 fungal species were obtained from the corn leaves showing typical small spots (lesion length < 5 mm) in Fuzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, Nanping and Ningde, where the major corn-growing regions in Fujian are located. After a preliminary morphological observation, 8 representative isolates were selected for further examinations. Among them, 5 were morphologically identical to Bipolaris maydis, and 3 highly resembled Curvularia spp. A pathogenic assay on all plants inoculated with the pathogens exhibited similar symptoms as observed on the diseased corns in the field. The rDNA-ITS sequences of 5 isolates were subsequently identified as B. maydis, two as C. lunata, and one as C. eragrostidis. It suggested that the microorganisms that caused the small leaf spots on sweet corns in Fujian were any of those identified. For Fujian, to report C. eragrostidis as culprit of the disease was the first time in China. The degrees of virulence of the 8 identified isolates varied significantly toward 8 different corn varieties.
2017, 32(12): 1350-1353.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.014
Abstract:
Optimal culture conditions on solid-medium for the non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum FJAT-9290 to produce vaccine against fusarium wilt were investigated. The initial moisture content and inoculum amount in the medium, as well as the temperature and duration for the fermentation were varied to determine their effects on the resulting yield of conidia. It appeared that, a medium with 50% moisture in a tissue culture bottle inoculated with 7% of FJAT-9290 to ferment at 28℃ for 7 ds followed by cultivation in a polypropylene bag could produce a maximized conidium count of 6.35×108·g-1 on the 20th day. The condia count quadrupled that of the initial inoculum.
Optimal culture conditions on solid-medium for the non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum FJAT-9290 to produce vaccine against fusarium wilt were investigated. The initial moisture content and inoculum amount in the medium, as well as the temperature and duration for the fermentation were varied to determine their effects on the resulting yield of conidia. It appeared that, a medium with 50% moisture in a tissue culture bottle inoculated with 7% of FJAT-9290 to ferment at 28℃ for 7 ds followed by cultivation in a polypropylene bag could produce a maximized conidium count of 6.35×108·g-1 on the 20th day. The condia count quadrupled that of the initial inoculum.
2017, 32(12): 1354-1358.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.015
Abstract:
Growth and disease-resistance of 13 watermelon rootstocks were analyzed using cluster analysis and subordinate function index. The rootstocks artificially infected by Meloidogyne incognita were planted in pots for the experimentation. The results showed the variety, Jingxinzhenwang, to be the strongest in resisting the disease with a subordinate function index score of 5.70, and Yongshi the weakest with a score of 3.50.The information would be critical for selecting and utilizing appropriate watermelon rootstocks.
Growth and disease-resistance of 13 watermelon rootstocks were analyzed using cluster analysis and subordinate function index. The rootstocks artificially infected by Meloidogyne incognita were planted in pots for the experimentation. The results showed the variety, Jingxinzhenwang, to be the strongest in resisting the disease with a subordinate function index score of 5.70, and Yongshi the weakest with a score of 3.50.The information would be critical for selecting and utilizing appropriate watermelon rootstocks.
2017, 32(12): 1359-1364.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.016
Abstract:
Trichoderma harzianum Th3 was inoculated on the spentsubstratefrom Pleurotus eryngii cultivation for fermentation. The resulting material wassubsequently mixed with the greenhouse soil at 5levels to evaluate their effects on the soil through observations on the growth of Brassica campestris planted on them. The pH, invertaseand urease in the soil mixture, the Th3countinrhizosphere, as well as the germination, emergence, total biomass, and chlorophyll content of the vegetable were determined. The results showed that the ratio of Th3 preparation to soil at 1:39 resulted in significant increases onthe seedling emergence (83.93% at maximum), the leaf chlorophyll content by 51.23%, thetotal biomass by 27.94%, the soil pH to 6.97, the invertase activity to 8.80 mg·g-1-d, the urease activity at 2.21 mg·g-1-d, and the enhancement of Th3 count in the rhizosphere. It appeared that addition of theTh3 preparation using the spent substrate from mushroom cultivation could improve the soil quality and yield of B. campestris.
Trichoderma harzianum Th3 was inoculated on the spentsubstratefrom Pleurotus eryngii cultivation for fermentation. The resulting material wassubsequently mixed with the greenhouse soil at 5levels to evaluate their effects on the soil through observations on the growth of Brassica campestris planted on them. The pH, invertaseand urease in the soil mixture, the Th3countinrhizosphere, as well as the germination, emergence, total biomass, and chlorophyll content of the vegetable were determined. The results showed that the ratio of Th3 preparation to soil at 1:39 resulted in significant increases onthe seedling emergence (83.93% at maximum), the leaf chlorophyll content by 51.23%, thetotal biomass by 27.94%, the soil pH to 6.97, the invertase activity to 8.80 mg·g-1-d, the urease activity at 2.21 mg·g-1-d, and the enhancement of Th3 count in the rhizosphere. It appeared that addition of theTh3 preparation using the spent substrate from mushroom cultivation could improve the soil quality and yield of B. campestris.
Changes on Physical, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Compressed White Tea Cakes During Processing
2017, 32(12): 1365-1369.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.017
Abstract:
To decipher the quality in relation to processing of compressed white tea cakes, the physical and chemical changes of the tea leaves at key stages in varied processes were monitored. Four treatments, including steaming (ZQ), moisturizing (SM), pressing (YS) and prolonged drying after compressing (YB), in the making of the product were applied for evaluation. All treatments exerted significant effects on the compactness of the cakes with a 100%-150% increase on the bulk density. Among the treatments, ZQ also significantly affected the leaf color, amino acid content and green note reduction; SM stimulated protein hydrolysis as well as amino acid and thearubigins accumulations; YS lowered the polyphenol content, and increased the concentration and freshness of the brewed tea; and, YB encouraged formation of the characteristic aroma and taste of the white tea cakes with increased water extracts and polyphenols as well as heightened conversion of green/earthy to fragrant/elegant note for the brewed tea.
To decipher the quality in relation to processing of compressed white tea cakes, the physical and chemical changes of the tea leaves at key stages in varied processes were monitored. Four treatments, including steaming (ZQ), moisturizing (SM), pressing (YS) and prolonged drying after compressing (YB), in the making of the product were applied for evaluation. All treatments exerted significant effects on the compactness of the cakes with a 100%-150% increase on the bulk density. Among the treatments, ZQ also significantly affected the leaf color, amino acid content and green note reduction; SM stimulated protein hydrolysis as well as amino acid and thearubigins accumulations; YS lowered the polyphenol content, and increased the concentration and freshness of the brewed tea; and, YB encouraged formation of the characteristic aroma and taste of the white tea cakes with increased water extracts and polyphenols as well as heightened conversion of green/earthy to fragrant/elegant note for the brewed tea.
2017, 32(12): 1370-1374.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.018
Abstract:
Prior to dehydration, freshly harvested Tremella fuciformis are generally soaked in water. The procedure causes losses of nutritional and solid contents in the edible white fungi. To reduce the losses and determine the optimal soaking time, an experiment was conducted. It was found that the occurrence of the greatest loss of a substance(s) varied by the length of soaking time. Most of the dry matters was leached out after soaking for 1 h; the polysaccharides, 1.5 h; the crude protein, 2 h; the total triterpenoids, 50 min; and, the crude fat, 1.5 h. Taking all factors into consideration, 1 h to 1.5 h was recommended for the operation, as it would minimize the nutrient loss, and at the same time, render a bright color and a flowery appearance of the fungi ready for subsequent dehydration.
Prior to dehydration, freshly harvested Tremella fuciformis are generally soaked in water. The procedure causes losses of nutritional and solid contents in the edible white fungi. To reduce the losses and determine the optimal soaking time, an experiment was conducted. It was found that the occurrence of the greatest loss of a substance(s) varied by the length of soaking time. Most of the dry matters was leached out after soaking for 1 h; the polysaccharides, 1.5 h; the crude protein, 2 h; the total triterpenoids, 50 min; and, the crude fat, 1.5 h. Taking all factors into consideration, 1 h to 1.5 h was recommended for the operation, as it would minimize the nutrient loss, and at the same time, render a bright color and a flowery appearance of the fungi ready for subsequent dehydration.
2017, 32(12): 1375-1383.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.012.019
Abstract:
Based upon changes on the ecological service value (ESV) due to varied land uses in a municipality, structure and sustainable development of the regional ecosystem can be visualized and appropriate planning materialized. This article describes the land use dynamics, transfer matrix, and changes in Nanchang city from 2000 to 2015 using the remote sensing images of the city in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 with an analysis by RS and GIS technology. Applying the calculated ESV, transfer matrix and sensitivity coefficients, the city's temporal and spatial variations caused by the changed land use became available for the study. In Nanchang over the years between 2000 and 2015, the cultivated land decreased significantly while the land taken over by varieties of construction increased markedly. The degree of dynamic land changes was 1.24%. Meanwhile, the total value and structure of municipal ecological services scarcely changed, while the ESV increased merely from 390.35×108 yuan in 2000 to 393.30×108 yuan in 2015. At the time, the areas with high ESV concentrated mostly in the eastern part of Xinjian County and north of Jinxian County, whereas the low ESV fell mainly in downtown and the areas within the city limit. The sensitivity indices of all ESV classes were less than 1 indicating a reliability of the results. ESV changes were directly caused by the changing land use. Hence, scientifically directed and managed land use would be of great significance to a well maintained and serviced regional ecosystem.
Based upon changes on the ecological service value (ESV) due to varied land uses in a municipality, structure and sustainable development of the regional ecosystem can be visualized and appropriate planning materialized. This article describes the land use dynamics, transfer matrix, and changes in Nanchang city from 2000 to 2015 using the remote sensing images of the city in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 with an analysis by RS and GIS technology. Applying the calculated ESV, transfer matrix and sensitivity coefficients, the city's temporal and spatial variations caused by the changed land use became available for the study. In Nanchang over the years between 2000 and 2015, the cultivated land decreased significantly while the land taken over by varieties of construction increased markedly. The degree of dynamic land changes was 1.24%. Meanwhile, the total value and structure of municipal ecological services scarcely changed, while the ESV increased merely from 390.35×108 yuan in 2000 to 393.30×108 yuan in 2015. At the time, the areas with high ESV concentrated mostly in the eastern part of Xinjian County and north of Jinxian County, whereas the low ESV fell mainly in downtown and the areas within the city limit. The sensitivity indices of all ESV classes were less than 1 indicating a reliability of the results. ESV changes were directly caused by the changing land use. Hence, scientifically directed and managed land use would be of great significance to a well maintained and serviced regional ecosystem.
