2015 Vol. 30, No. 8
Display Method:
2015, 30(8): 727-730.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.001
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to establish a rapid multiplex PCR assay for detection of H5,H9 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)and duck Tembusu virus(DTMUV).According to the HA gene sequences of H5 and H9AIV and NS5 gene of DTMUV in GenBank,three primer sets specific to these three kinds of viruses were designed,respectively.The multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of AIV(H5,H9)and DTMUV was established,and was applied to clinical testing for three kinds of viruses.The specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex PCR were tested.The results showed that the assay could specifically amplify the gene fragments of H5AIV(380bp),H9 AIV(732bp),and DTMUV(250bp),and were all negative for detection of other duck viruses.This method showed a sensitive of 533pg·μL-1 for H5 AIV,56pg·μL-1 for H9,and 6.6ng·μL-1 for DTMUV.Additionally,the detection results of 200 clinical samples indicated that this multiplex PCR method proved a a rapid,sensitive and specific tool for clinical samples detection.
The aim of this study is to establish a rapid multiplex PCR assay for detection of H5,H9 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV)and duck Tembusu virus(DTMUV).According to the HA gene sequences of H5 and H9AIV and NS5 gene of DTMUV in GenBank,three primer sets specific to these three kinds of viruses were designed,respectively.The multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of AIV(H5,H9)and DTMUV was established,and was applied to clinical testing for three kinds of viruses.The specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex PCR were tested.The results showed that the assay could specifically amplify the gene fragments of H5AIV(380bp),H9 AIV(732bp),and DTMUV(250bp),and were all negative for detection of other duck viruses.This method showed a sensitive of 533pg·μL-1 for H5 AIV,56pg·μL-1 for H9,and 6.6ng·μL-1 for DTMUV.Additionally,the detection results of 200 clinical samples indicated that this multiplex PCR method proved a a rapid,sensitive and specific tool for clinical samples detection.
2015, 30(8): 731-735.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.002
Abstract:
“Duroc× Landrace×Yorkshire”commodity pigs around the age of 60 days were raised in the cement floor pigsty(control group)and microbial fermentation bed pigsty(experimental group),respectively,to feed for 120 d.At the end of the experiment,the experimental group and the control group were collected from 6pig blood tests.The results showed that,serum alkaline phosphatase activity in experimental group increased by 0.86%than that of control group(P>0.05),decreased 33.8% enzyme activities of alanine transfer(P<0.01),serum urea nitrogen content decreased by39.8%(P<0.01),the total cholesterol content increased by 9.4%(P<0.05),total bilirubin increased 36.4%(P>0.05),blood glucose reduced by 41.4%(P<0.01);IgA(g·L-1)were increased by 34.05%(P<0.01),IgG(g·L-1)was increased by 21.6%(P<0.01),IgM(g·L-1)increased by 17.3%(P<0.05);swine fever antibody titer than that of the control group increased more than 37%(P<0.05).The results showed that the large scale microbialfermentation bed feeding mode,can improve the pigs of sugar,protein and fat metabolism,reduce the porcine stress,improve the immunity of pigs,enhance the capacity of resistance.
“Duroc× Landrace×Yorkshire”commodity pigs around the age of 60 days were raised in the cement floor pigsty(control group)and microbial fermentation bed pigsty(experimental group),respectively,to feed for 120 d.At the end of the experiment,the experimental group and the control group were collected from 6pig blood tests.The results showed that,serum alkaline phosphatase activity in experimental group increased by 0.86%than that of control group(P>0.05),decreased 33.8% enzyme activities of alanine transfer(P<0.01),serum urea nitrogen content decreased by39.8%(P<0.01),the total cholesterol content increased by 9.4%(P<0.05),total bilirubin increased 36.4%(P>0.05),blood glucose reduced by 41.4%(P<0.01);IgA(g·L-1)were increased by 34.05%(P<0.01),IgG(g·L-1)was increased by 21.6%(P<0.01),IgM(g·L-1)increased by 17.3%(P<0.05);swine fever antibody titer than that of the control group increased more than 37%(P<0.05).The results showed that the large scale microbialfermentation bed feeding mode,can improve the pigs of sugar,protein and fat metabolism,reduce the porcine stress,improve the immunity of pigs,enhance the capacity of resistance.
2015, 30(8): 736-744.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.003
Abstract:
Nutrient contents of the large yellow croakers,Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson,grown in seine net,pond or net cage fed with same feed were compared with those of the fish caught in the wild.The results showed that(a)the protein content of the wild croakers was higher than those of the aquacultured counterparts,(b)the fat and energy contents and E/P ratio were lower in the wild than the aquacultured croakers,(c)the total,essential and essential for children amino acids were significantly different among the groups grown under different settings,(d)no significant difference was found in the flavoring amino acids orΣBCAA/ΣAAA in the fish raised in the different aquaculural settings(P>0.05),(d)the essential amino acid content in the fish was greater than 80% of the total amino acids,(e)the E/T and E/N ratios of all samples fell within the FAO/WHO model,(f)significant differences were found among the groups on the contents of saturated,monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids,as well as DHA+EPA andΣUSFA/ΣSFA(P<0.05),and(g)theΣSFA/ΣMUFA/ΣPUFA andΣ(n-6)PUFA/Σ(n-3)PUFA indices of the fish from all groups followed those formulated by Chinese Nutrition Society.Other than the fatty acids,all of the evaluation criteria on the croakers grown in seine net were the best among the fish from the tested groups.
Nutrient contents of the large yellow croakers,Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson,grown in seine net,pond or net cage fed with same feed were compared with those of the fish caught in the wild.The results showed that(a)the protein content of the wild croakers was higher than those of the aquacultured counterparts,(b)the fat and energy contents and E/P ratio were lower in the wild than the aquacultured croakers,(c)the total,essential and essential for children amino acids were significantly different among the groups grown under different settings,(d)no significant difference was found in the flavoring amino acids orΣBCAA/ΣAAA in the fish raised in the different aquaculural settings(P>0.05),(d)the essential amino acid content in the fish was greater than 80% of the total amino acids,(e)the E/T and E/N ratios of all samples fell within the FAO/WHO model,(f)significant differences were found among the groups on the contents of saturated,monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids,as well as DHA+EPA andΣUSFA/ΣSFA(P<0.05),and(g)theΣSFA/ΣMUFA/ΣPUFA andΣ(n-6)PUFA/Σ(n-3)PUFA indices of the fish from all groups followed those formulated by Chinese Nutrition Society.Other than the fatty acids,all of the evaluation criteria on the croakers grown in seine net were the best among the fish from the tested groups.
2015, 30(8): 745-749.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.004
Abstract:
Effect of various additives on the shelf-life and quality of sugarcane tips to be used as forage was studied.On a fresh weight basis,the control sample was submerged in sterile water at the rate of 10g·kg-1,while the treatment material was added with cellulase at 500mg·kg-1,2% epiphytic lactic acid bacteria fermentation juice(FJLB)at 10mL·kg-1,molasses at 50g/kg,or both FJLB and molasses.After stored at ambient temperature for50 days,the fermented sugarcane tips in containers were evaluated.The results indicated that,although the sugarcane tips could be satisfactorily stored without additives,fermentation took place during the storage with the addition of FJLB significantly increased the dry matters and lactic acid,and lowered their pH and ammonia nitrogen of the resultant forage material.
Effect of various additives on the shelf-life and quality of sugarcane tips to be used as forage was studied.On a fresh weight basis,the control sample was submerged in sterile water at the rate of 10g·kg-1,while the treatment material was added with cellulase at 500mg·kg-1,2% epiphytic lactic acid bacteria fermentation juice(FJLB)at 10mL·kg-1,molasses at 50g/kg,or both FJLB and molasses.After stored at ambient temperature for50 days,the fermented sugarcane tips in containers were evaluated.The results indicated that,although the sugarcane tips could be satisfactorily stored without additives,fermentation took place during the storage with the addition of FJLB significantly increased the dry matters and lactic acid,and lowered their pH and ammonia nitrogen of the resultant forage material.
2015, 30(8): 750-753.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.005
Abstract:
Chengyou 0504 was a new late-season indica hybrid rice combination bred by crossing the 3-line male sterile Chengfeng A and the strong restorer line,Fuhui 0504,at the Rice Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The hybrid rice exhibited the desirable characteristics of uniform population,moderate plant size,large panicles,high rate of grains per panicle,good color change at ripening,high and consistent yield,etc.It was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2015.The breeding procedures,yield and characteristics of this newly developed rice variety are presented.
Chengyou 0504 was a new late-season indica hybrid rice combination bred by crossing the 3-line male sterile Chengfeng A and the strong restorer line,Fuhui 0504,at the Rice Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The hybrid rice exhibited the desirable characteristics of uniform population,moderate plant size,large panicles,high rate of grains per panicle,good color change at ripening,high and consistent yield,etc.It was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2015.The breeding procedures,yield and characteristics of this newly developed rice variety are presented.
2015, 30(8): 754-758.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.006
Abstract:
‘Longshu601'(original No.60-1),a new sweet potato variety,was selected and bred with ‘Sijihong'and ‘Longshu9 'in 2007 by Longyan Institute of Agricultural Science,Fujian province.In regional trial and production experiment of Fujian Province,fresh potato yield was extremely significantly higher than the average contrast ‘Jinshan 57'and the average dry matter yield was significantly greater than the control.The results showed that Longshu601 is an ideal compatible type with food feeding all-purpose,potato shaped appearance,resistance to fusarium wilt and relatively resistant to storage.It had been examined and approved by Fujian Crop Variety Examination Committee in 2015.
‘Longshu601'(original No.60-1),a new sweet potato variety,was selected and bred with ‘Sijihong'and ‘Longshu9 'in 2007 by Longyan Institute of Agricultural Science,Fujian province.In regional trial and production experiment of Fujian Province,fresh potato yield was extremely significantly higher than the average contrast ‘Jinshan 57'and the average dry matter yield was significantly greater than the control.The results showed that Longshu601 is an ideal compatible type with food feeding all-purpose,potato shaped appearance,resistance to fusarium wilt and relatively resistant to storage.It had been examined and approved by Fujian Crop Variety Examination Committee in 2015.
2015, 30(8): 759-761.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.007
Abstract:
Initially,a hybrid rice was bred by crossing Minghui 86 as the female parent with Shuhui 527 from Hainan.The cross combination was used as the female parent to breed with Duoxi 1from Fuzhou during late spring in 2003.And,the progeny were planted in a rice-blast-infected field at Shanghang for cultivar-screening.The finally selected plant lines were named Fuhui 656 and subjected to repeat cultivations for several generations in Shaxian and Hainan to assure cultivar stability.Subsequently,this restorer line,Fuhui 656 was bred with 3-line male sterile Taifeng A to result in Taifengyou 656.The new hybrid rice exhibited many desirable characteristics including high grain quality,yield and seed production,as well as good color change during ripening.It has been certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committees in 2013.
Initially,a hybrid rice was bred by crossing Minghui 86 as the female parent with Shuhui 527 from Hainan.The cross combination was used as the female parent to breed with Duoxi 1from Fuzhou during late spring in 2003.And,the progeny were planted in a rice-blast-infected field at Shanghang for cultivar-screening.The finally selected plant lines were named Fuhui 656 and subjected to repeat cultivations for several generations in Shaxian and Hainan to assure cultivar stability.Subsequently,this restorer line,Fuhui 656 was bred with 3-line male sterile Taifeng A to result in Taifengyou 656.The new hybrid rice exhibited many desirable characteristics including high grain quality,yield and seed production,as well as good color change during ripening.It has been certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committees in 2013.
2015, 30(8): 762-767.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.008
Abstract:
N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Fe,Mn,B,Zn and Cu in the roots,branches,leaves,and fruits of Dingao Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)during its fruit developmental stages,from flower bud differentiation,young-fruit and fruit-expansion to senescence,were monitored.Substantial variations on the contents of N,K,Ca,Fe,Mn,B,Zn and Cu were found during the berry development.In general,these contents were higher in the young fruits and during their expansion period.In the young fruits,the highest contents of Ca and B were 3.91g·kg-1 and 54.4 mg·kg-1,respectively,found in the leaves;and those of N and K,26.07g·kg-1 and 14.33g·kg-1,respectively,in the berries.During the expansion period,the greatest content of Fe of380.7mg·kg-1 occurred in the roots;those of Ca and Zn were 4.72g·kg-1 and 751.1mg·kg-1,respectively,in the branches;and those of N and Mn,17.90g·kg-1 and 879.9 mg/kg,respectively,in the leaves.The differences and changes during the fruit development on P,Mg and S contents in the various organs were not significant.The information obtained could serve as a guideline for adequate fertilization for the cultivation of Dingao Chinese bayberries.
N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Fe,Mn,B,Zn and Cu in the roots,branches,leaves,and fruits of Dingao Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)during its fruit developmental stages,from flower bud differentiation,young-fruit and fruit-expansion to senescence,were monitored.Substantial variations on the contents of N,K,Ca,Fe,Mn,B,Zn and Cu were found during the berry development.In general,these contents were higher in the young fruits and during their expansion period.In the young fruits,the highest contents of Ca and B were 3.91g·kg-1 and 54.4 mg·kg-1,respectively,found in the leaves;and those of N and K,26.07g·kg-1 and 14.33g·kg-1,respectively,in the berries.During the expansion period,the greatest content of Fe of380.7mg·kg-1 occurred in the roots;those of Ca and Zn were 4.72g·kg-1 and 751.1mg·kg-1,respectively,in the branches;and those of N and Mn,17.90g·kg-1 and 879.9 mg/kg,respectively,in the leaves.The differences and changes during the fruit development on P,Mg and S contents in the various organs were not significant.The information obtained could serve as a guideline for adequate fertilization for the cultivation of Dingao Chinese bayberries.
2015, 30(8): 768-774.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.009
Abstract:
Effect of dehydration temperature on the essential oil content of the dried Matricaria chamomilla L.Nobile flowers was studied.The chemical composition of the dried flowers was determined by means of steam distillation and GC-MS analysis.The experimental results indicated that the essential oil contents in the dried flowers dehydrated at various temperatures ranked as follows:0.134%at 60℃>0.117%at 55℃>0.115%at 50℃>0.102% at 25℃(control)>0.099% at 45℃>0.097% at 40℃.The best fragrance retention was achieved by drying the flowers at 55℃ or 60℃ for 16 h.The best product appearance was resulted from dehydration at 45℃,50℃ or 55℃.At 40℃,the dried flowers were least appealing.The compounds extracted included 8alcohols,which contributed 45.97%-63.01% of the total essential oils,and were higher when the dehydration temperature of 25℃or 50℃ was applied.The 10 alkenes in the extract accounted for 17.46%-33.21% of the essential oils,and were higher in the flowers dried at 55℃ or 60℃.And,the essential oils consisted 16.12%-17.67% of chamazulene,and were higher in the flowers dried at 25℃ or 60℃.
Effect of dehydration temperature on the essential oil content of the dried Matricaria chamomilla L.Nobile flowers was studied.The chemical composition of the dried flowers was determined by means of steam distillation and GC-MS analysis.The experimental results indicated that the essential oil contents in the dried flowers dehydrated at various temperatures ranked as follows:0.134%at 60℃>0.117%at 55℃>0.115%at 50℃>0.102% at 25℃(control)>0.099% at 45℃>0.097% at 40℃.The best fragrance retention was achieved by drying the flowers at 55℃ or 60℃ for 16 h.The best product appearance was resulted from dehydration at 45℃,50℃ or 55℃.At 40℃,the dried flowers were least appealing.The compounds extracted included 8alcohols,which contributed 45.97%-63.01% of the total essential oils,and were higher when the dehydration temperature of 25℃or 50℃ was applied.The 10 alkenes in the extract accounted for 17.46%-33.21% of the essential oils,and were higher in the flowers dried at 55℃ or 60℃.And,the essential oils consisted 16.12%-17.67% of chamazulene,and were higher in the flowers dried at 25℃ or 60℃.
2015, 30(8): 775-778.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.010
Abstract:
Mechanism of the salt tolerance of Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard and Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen was investigated.The potted plants of the two species were watered with 0,2‰,4‰,6‰ or 8‰ NaCl solutions to observe the damages to the seedlings,as well as the induced changes on soil salinity and on the soluble sugars and MDA in the plant leaves by the salt stress.M.roxburghiana and M.zapota showed a Grade II salt damage under 3.38‰ and 2.88‰ NaCl stress,respectively,and a Grade III damage under 4.28‰ and 4.05‰ salt stress,respectively.The soluble sugars in the leaves of the plants increased with increasing concentration of NaCl,and were significantly different from those of Control without the salt stress.It was speculated that,with respect to the cellular osmosis,the soluble sugars might have increased by the plant in response to the presence of salt so as to improve its tolerance to the stress.The contents of MDA also differed significantly from Control under 6‰ or 8‰NaCl stress indicating the presence of a serious membrane lipid peroxidation on the plants.
Mechanism of the salt tolerance of Manilkara roxburghiana(Wight)Dubard and Manilkara zapota(L.)van Royen was investigated.The potted plants of the two species were watered with 0,2‰,4‰,6‰ or 8‰ NaCl solutions to observe the damages to the seedlings,as well as the induced changes on soil salinity and on the soluble sugars and MDA in the plant leaves by the salt stress.M.roxburghiana and M.zapota showed a Grade II salt damage under 3.38‰ and 2.88‰ NaCl stress,respectively,and a Grade III damage under 4.28‰ and 4.05‰ salt stress,respectively.The soluble sugars in the leaves of the plants increased with increasing concentration of NaCl,and were significantly different from those of Control without the salt stress.It was speculated that,with respect to the cellular osmosis,the soluble sugars might have increased by the plant in response to the presence of salt so as to improve its tolerance to the stress.The contents of MDA also differed significantly from Control under 6‰ or 8‰NaCl stress indicating the presence of a serious membrane lipid peroxidation on the plants.
2015, 30(8): 779-783.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.011
Abstract:
Pollen vitalities of 15 species of Dendrobium were determined.The fruit-bearing rate of the orchids affected by the artificially induced self-or cross-pollination was investigated.The results showed that the pollen vitalities of the species varied from 38%to 79.3%.The fruit-bearing rate ranged 0-73.3% by self-pollination,and0-86% by cross-pollination.There was no significant correlation found between the pollen vitality and fruit-bearing among the various species.
Pollen vitalities of 15 species of Dendrobium were determined.The fruit-bearing rate of the orchids affected by the artificially induced self-or cross-pollination was investigated.The results showed that the pollen vitalities of the species varied from 38%to 79.3%.The fruit-bearing rate ranged 0-73.3% by self-pollination,and0-86% by cross-pollination.There was no significant correlation found between the pollen vitality and fruit-bearing among the various species.
2015, 30(8): 784-788.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.012
Abstract:
Effect of regenerating method,osmotic pressure stabilizer,culture medium,age of mushroom,etc.on the regeneration of Pleurotus eryngii protoplast was investigated.The results showed that the protoplasts from the 5-7days old mycelia yielded the most desirable results when cultured in a yeast peptone regeneration medium with up to 0.9% of NaCl as the osmotic stabilizer.Lowered temperature,shortened time and reduced enzyme concentration could help minimize enzymatic hydrolysis in the preparation which would benefit the protoplast regeneration.
Effect of regenerating method,osmotic pressure stabilizer,culture medium,age of mushroom,etc.on the regeneration of Pleurotus eryngii protoplast was investigated.The results showed that the protoplasts from the 5-7days old mycelia yielded the most desirable results when cultured in a yeast peptone regeneration medium with up to 0.9% of NaCl as the osmotic stabilizer.Lowered temperature,shortened time and reduced enzyme concentration could help minimize enzymatic hydrolysis in the preparation which would benefit the protoplast regeneration.
2015, 30(8): 789-792.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.013
Abstract:
A new betel taro,Tingyu 1,was bred from the mutant plants of the white bud variety.In the multiplesite regional and production trials,Tingyu 1exhibited an average yield of 1 497.6kg per 667m2 in 2011 and 1 477.3kg per 667m2 in 2012,which was 17% greater than that of the famed Fuding betel taros.The new variety had good qualities with high nutritional value containing 39% dry matters,1.44% amino acids,2.28% protein,9.88%vitamin C and 0.6% crude fiber.Consequently,Tingyu 1was considered a desirable new entry as a fresh vegetable for further processing.It was officially certified in Fujian in 2015.
A new betel taro,Tingyu 1,was bred from the mutant plants of the white bud variety.In the multiplesite regional and production trials,Tingyu 1exhibited an average yield of 1 497.6kg per 667m2 in 2011 and 1 477.3kg per 667m2 in 2012,which was 17% greater than that of the famed Fuding betel taros.The new variety had good qualities with high nutritional value containing 39% dry matters,1.44% amino acids,2.28% protein,9.88%vitamin C and 0.6% crude fiber.Consequently,Tingyu 1was considered a desirable new entry as a fresh vegetable for further processing.It was officially certified in Fujian in 2015.
2015, 30(8): 793-796.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.014
Abstract:
Effect of fertilizations on the growth,yield and dry matter content of Anoectochilus roxburghii plantlets was investigated.Among various fertilization treatments,the over-all growth performance of the plantlets was best by using Peters Professional No.1in 0.1% water dilution one month after planting followed by fertilizing once every 10 days in spring and autumn,then,once a month in summer and winter.During the 12-month cultivation time period,the plantlets were not infected by any diseases,and showed the following results on the growth indices:(a)a survival rate of 86.0%,(b)a fresh weight increase of 138.1%,(c)a dry weight of 279 mg per plant,and(d)a DW/FW ratio at 11.2%.Consequently,it appeared that the selected fertilization could be recommended for the cultivation of A.roxburghii.
Effect of fertilizations on the growth,yield and dry matter content of Anoectochilus roxburghii plantlets was investigated.Among various fertilization treatments,the over-all growth performance of the plantlets was best by using Peters Professional No.1in 0.1% water dilution one month after planting followed by fertilizing once every 10 days in spring and autumn,then,once a month in summer and winter.During the 12-month cultivation time period,the plantlets were not infected by any diseases,and showed the following results on the growth indices:(a)a survival rate of 86.0%,(b)a fresh weight increase of 138.1%,(c)a dry weight of 279 mg per plant,and(d)a DW/FW ratio at 11.2%.Consequently,it appeared that the selected fertilization could be recommended for the cultivation of A.roxburghii.
2015, 30(8): 797-801.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.015
Abstract:
Water extracts from the roots of tomato,chili pepper,plantain banana and chive were tested for their effects on the growth,pathogenicity and efficacy of the vaccination bacterium,FJAT-1458,in controlling Ralstonia solanacearum(FJAT-91).It was found that the root extracts exhibited varied effects on the growth characteristics of microbes.The extracts of tomato,chili pepper and plantain banana roots promoted the growth of FJAT-1458,while those of tomato and chili pepper roots enhanced the growth of both FJAT-1458 and FJAT-91.Among the extracts,the tomato extract showed a most significant growth effect on both strains,as the bacterial counts of FJAT-1458 and FJAT-91 increased 28and 30 times,respectively,as compared with control after a 32 hincubation.In contrast,the chive extract killed them in 8hours.Further study showed that the attenuation indices on FJAT-1458 and FJAT-91 were not significantly different among the various extracts.And,these root extracts,except chive,showed no significant effect on the control efficacy of FJAT-1458 toward R.solanacearum.
Water extracts from the roots of tomato,chili pepper,plantain banana and chive were tested for their effects on the growth,pathogenicity and efficacy of the vaccination bacterium,FJAT-1458,in controlling Ralstonia solanacearum(FJAT-91).It was found that the root extracts exhibited varied effects on the growth characteristics of microbes.The extracts of tomato,chili pepper and plantain banana roots promoted the growth of FJAT-1458,while those of tomato and chili pepper roots enhanced the growth of both FJAT-1458 and FJAT-91.Among the extracts,the tomato extract showed a most significant growth effect on both strains,as the bacterial counts of FJAT-1458 and FJAT-91 increased 28and 30 times,respectively,as compared with control after a 32 hincubation.In contrast,the chive extract killed them in 8hours.Further study showed that the attenuation indices on FJAT-1458 and FJAT-91 were not significantly different among the various extracts.And,these root extracts,except chive,showed no significant effect on the control efficacy of FJAT-1458 toward R.solanacearum.
2015, 30(8): 802-809.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.016
Abstract:
A new type of substrates for vegetable seed germination and seedling development was experimented using the fermentation bed wastes from pig farms.The physical and chemical properties of the tested substrate met all the basic requirements for the cultivation of seedlings.To optimize the formulation of such substrates,a rapid method was explored.The bedding materials after being used in pig barns for about one or half a year were extracted and diluted with water into a series of solutions of varied concentrations.The solutions were applied on the seeds of melon,cucumber,cabbage,kale,tomato and chili pepper to determine the performances on the seed germination and seedling development.Concurrently,seeds of the same vegetables were planted in the same fermented bedding waste mixed with powdered coconut shell.By comparing the effects of the two sets of cultivation media,a correlation between them was obtained.The highest seed germination rate of greater than 97% was found when the30% extracted solution was used,while on the solid substrate,higher than 85% germination was observed when30% bedding material was mixed in the substrate.A correlation analysis showed that the extracted solution significantly correlated with the solid substrate with respect to the seed germination percentage,germination indices,vigor index,germination rate and seedling rate of the vegetables.Thus,it appeared that the extracted solution method could be applied for effective formula optimization in the utilization of the bedding waste from pig farms.
A new type of substrates for vegetable seed germination and seedling development was experimented using the fermentation bed wastes from pig farms.The physical and chemical properties of the tested substrate met all the basic requirements for the cultivation of seedlings.To optimize the formulation of such substrates,a rapid method was explored.The bedding materials after being used in pig barns for about one or half a year were extracted and diluted with water into a series of solutions of varied concentrations.The solutions were applied on the seeds of melon,cucumber,cabbage,kale,tomato and chili pepper to determine the performances on the seed germination and seedling development.Concurrently,seeds of the same vegetables were planted in the same fermented bedding waste mixed with powdered coconut shell.By comparing the effects of the two sets of cultivation media,a correlation between them was obtained.The highest seed germination rate of greater than 97% was found when the30% extracted solution was used,while on the solid substrate,higher than 85% germination was observed when30% bedding material was mixed in the substrate.A correlation analysis showed that the extracted solution significantly correlated with the solid substrate with respect to the seed germination percentage,germination indices,vigor index,germination rate and seedling rate of the vegetables.Thus,it appeared that the extracted solution method could be applied for effective formula optimization in the utilization of the bedding waste from pig farms.
2015, 30(8): 810-816.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.017
Abstract:
Samples from the fermentation beds in pig barns were extracted with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,acetone and ethanol.The quantities extracted by the various solvents were in the order of ethanol>acetone>ethyl acetate>chloroform>petroleum ether.Compositions of these extracts were determined using GC-MS.Esters and hydrocarbons were the main substances in the bedding materials.Petroleum ether and chloroform could more effectively extract the low polar esters and long-chain alkanes,and chloroform produced more compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons than the others.The ethyl acetate extracts showed more olefin compounds(including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)than those obtained by other 4solvents.Since acetone could effectively extract both alkanes and esters in a wide range of polarity,it was considered the selected solvent for the substance extraction.On the other hand,ethanol could be used to specifically extract high polarity esters.
Samples from the fermentation beds in pig barns were extracted with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,acetone and ethanol.The quantities extracted by the various solvents were in the order of ethanol>acetone>ethyl acetate>chloroform>petroleum ether.Compositions of these extracts were determined using GC-MS.Esters and hydrocarbons were the main substances in the bedding materials.Petroleum ether and chloroform could more effectively extract the low polar esters and long-chain alkanes,and chloroform produced more compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons than the others.The ethyl acetate extracts showed more olefin compounds(including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)than those obtained by other 4solvents.Since acetone could effectively extract both alkanes and esters in a wide range of polarity,it was considered the selected solvent for the substance extraction.On the other hand,ethanol could be used to specifically extract high polarity esters.
2015, 30(8): 817-824.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.018
Abstract:
As one of the most severely eroded areas in China,the hilly and mountainous regions of southern China faces an unprecedented challenge in water-soil conservation.This article shows the current situation of the serious soil erosion and degradation of the red soil lands in the regions,as well as the efforts in the past to remedy and prevent further deterioration.Based on the information,4potentially applicable approaches for the development of a sustainable agriculture were drawn.They included(1)the " Theme Agriculture" that focuses on the local specialties taking the over-all planning for the regions into consideration,(2)the " Three-dimensional Agriculture" that maximize the utilization of all available resources,(3)the " Recycling Agriculture" that surrounds the generation and utilization of methane gas,and(4)the " Tourism Agriculture" that combines leisure and ecologyoriented activities.For execution,the following measures were recommended:(1)mapping strategies to fit for the local conditions,(2)streamlining organizational structures to facilitate efficient operations,(3)encouraging cooperation between research institutions and industrial entities to foster innovation,(4)upgrading management to fully capitalize investments,and(5)providing trainings to enhance employee quality.
As one of the most severely eroded areas in China,the hilly and mountainous regions of southern China faces an unprecedented challenge in water-soil conservation.This article shows the current situation of the serious soil erosion and degradation of the red soil lands in the regions,as well as the efforts in the past to remedy and prevent further deterioration.Based on the information,4potentially applicable approaches for the development of a sustainable agriculture were drawn.They included(1)the " Theme Agriculture" that focuses on the local specialties taking the over-all planning for the regions into consideration,(2)the " Three-dimensional Agriculture" that maximize the utilization of all available resources,(3)the " Recycling Agriculture" that surrounds the generation and utilization of methane gas,and(4)the " Tourism Agriculture" that combines leisure and ecologyoriented activities.For execution,the following measures were recommended:(1)mapping strategies to fit for the local conditions,(2)streamlining organizational structures to facilitate efficient operations,(3)encouraging cooperation between research institutions and industrial entities to foster innovation,(4)upgrading management to fully capitalize investments,and(5)providing trainings to enhance employee quality.
2015, 30(8): 825-829.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.08.019
Abstract:
There are there farmland reforms occurred in Taiwan in the history,and relatively mature farmland management system has formed,which guarantees the coordinated development of agriculture and socio-economic of Taiwan.In this study,we summarized the main acting ways and characteristics of Taiwan farmland management,and from the aspects of ensuring farmer's land rights and interests,refining the farmland management regulations,paying attention to farmland protection,and improving the farmland use efficiency,several suggestions were proposed for the farmland system revolution of Chinese mainland from the enlightenments of Taiwan.
There are there farmland reforms occurred in Taiwan in the history,and relatively mature farmland management system has formed,which guarantees the coordinated development of agriculture and socio-economic of Taiwan.In this study,we summarized the main acting ways and characteristics of Taiwan farmland management,and from the aspects of ensuring farmer's land rights and interests,refining the farmland management regulations,paying attention to farmland protection,and improving the farmland use efficiency,several suggestions were proposed for the farmland system revolution of Chinese mainland from the enlightenments of Taiwan.
