2015 Vol. 30, No. 12
Display Method:
2015, 30(12): 1133-1137.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.001
Abstract:
Ecchymotic haemorrhage in enlarged livers always serve as an important diagnostic marker for duck viral hepatitis.Recently,a novel duck hepatitis,characterized by yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis,has emerged in some duck farms and the causative agent,named as pancreatitis-type DHAV-1has been isolated.To elucidate the pathological characteristics of the novel duck hepatitis in mule ducks,ten-day-old mule ducks were infected with pancreatitis-type DHAV-1and the pathologic characteristics of disease were observed.The results showed that gross lesion of yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis,without overt change in liver,was observed in infected ducks.Microscopy showed large areas of necrosis in the epithelium,granular degeneration and necrosis in pancreatic cells with no vascular structure were found in necrotic pancreatic areas.In liver,a regular glandular structure around the hepatic venules was formed with lymphocytes and hepatocytes along with focal degeneration,with increase of basophils and infiltration of inflammatory cells found in livers.Focal necrosis was presented in spleen where the white pulp lymphocytes number decreased significantly,and the heterophil infiltration contributed the blurred splenic corpuscle. Based on the above,the results suggested that the gross lesions of pancreatic-type DHAV-1infection in ducklings were characterized by yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis, and the histopathological leisons by large areas of necrosis of the pancreatic epithelium along with granular degeneration and necrosis in pancreatic cells.
Ecchymotic haemorrhage in enlarged livers always serve as an important diagnostic marker for duck viral hepatitis.Recently,a novel duck hepatitis,characterized by yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis,has emerged in some duck farms and the causative agent,named as pancreatitis-type DHAV-1has been isolated.To elucidate the pathological characteristics of the novel duck hepatitis in mule ducks,ten-day-old mule ducks were infected with pancreatitis-type DHAV-1and the pathologic characteristics of disease were observed.The results showed that gross lesion of yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis,without overt change in liver,was observed in infected ducks.Microscopy showed large areas of necrosis in the epithelium,granular degeneration and necrosis in pancreatic cells with no vascular structure were found in necrotic pancreatic areas.In liver,a regular glandular structure around the hepatic venules was formed with lymphocytes and hepatocytes along with focal degeneration,with increase of basophils and infiltration of inflammatory cells found in livers.Focal necrosis was presented in spleen where the white pulp lymphocytes number decreased significantly,and the heterophil infiltration contributed the blurred splenic corpuscle. Based on the above,the results suggested that the gross lesions of pancreatic-type DHAV-1infection in ducklings were characterized by yellowed or hemorrhagic pancreatitis, and the histopathological leisons by large areas of necrosis of the pancreatic epithelium along with granular degeneration and necrosis in pancreatic cells.
2015, 30(12): 1138-1142.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.002
Abstract:
For exploring the genetic differences between groups and the relationship between diversity and genetic distance of Stichopus japonicas,crossbreeding among different populations of Stichopus japonicas were conducted to determine the crossbreeding feasibility.The growing situation of hybrid progeny were observed.The results showed that all the hybrid combinations could get normal hybrid offspring.The fertilization rate was lower compared with combination of inbred with no significant difference;In addition,different hybrid growth advantages were detected in different crossing populations which varied with genetic distance.The crossing offspring showed bigger at both ends and smaller in the middle in six parent combination the genetic distance of which were in the range of 0.285 3~0.423 8.The combination F with genetic distance greater than 0.4 grew fastest.The crossbreeding offspring of combination E which had near genetic distance with combination F,grew slowest at the beginning,and grew faster with times.There were no significant correlation between the genetic distance of hybrid combination and growth characteristics.
For exploring the genetic differences between groups and the relationship between diversity and genetic distance of Stichopus japonicas,crossbreeding among different populations of Stichopus japonicas were conducted to determine the crossbreeding feasibility.The growing situation of hybrid progeny were observed.The results showed that all the hybrid combinations could get normal hybrid offspring.The fertilization rate was lower compared with combination of inbred with no significant difference;In addition,different hybrid growth advantages were detected in different crossing populations which varied with genetic distance.The crossing offspring showed bigger at both ends and smaller in the middle in six parent combination the genetic distance of which were in the range of 0.285 3~0.423 8.The combination F with genetic distance greater than 0.4 grew fastest.The crossbreeding offspring of combination E which had near genetic distance with combination F,grew slowest at the beginning,and grew faster with times.There were no significant correlation between the genetic distance of hybrid combination and growth characteristics.
2015, 30(12): 1143-1148.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.003
Abstract:
Effects of 10 organic solvents on the activity of N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAGase)from the integument of Fenneropenaeus chinensis were investigated.The results indicated that the enzyme was activated in methanol,ethanol,propanol,glycol,glycerol,dimethyl sulfoxide,dioxane,and acetone in low concentrations,but inhibited in high concentrations.It was also activated in 0%to 55% butanol.The enzymatic activity was apparently formaldehyde-concentration dependent.A further study on formaldehyde and acetone showed that the inhibition by either solvent was reversible in high concentrations,and the activation,in acetone in low concentrations.The results demonstrated the varying effects of the organic solvents in different concentrations on the activity of NAGase.
Effects of 10 organic solvents on the activity of N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAGase)from the integument of Fenneropenaeus chinensis were investigated.The results indicated that the enzyme was activated in methanol,ethanol,propanol,glycol,glycerol,dimethyl sulfoxide,dioxane,and acetone in low concentrations,but inhibited in high concentrations.It was also activated in 0%to 55% butanol.The enzymatic activity was apparently formaldehyde-concentration dependent.A further study on formaldehyde and acetone showed that the inhibition by either solvent was reversible in high concentrations,and the activation,in acetone in low concentrations.The results demonstrated the varying effects of the organic solvents in different concentrations on the activity of NAGase.
2015, 30(12): 1149-1154.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.004
Abstract:
Aromatic compounds in Wanxiang longans were extracted by using three different solid phase microextraction(SPME)fibers,i.e.,50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS,75μm CAR/PDMS,and 65μm PDMS/DVB,on GC-MS analysis for comparison.A total of 55 aromatics were detected.The main volatile components were alkenes and esters,including 1,3,6-Octatriene,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z),ethyl acetate,and diethyl phthalate.The 50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber showed a high sensitivity and the best extraction effect on alkenes and esters among three,while 75μm CAR/PDMS had a wide absorption selectivity and the highest amounts of the aromatic compounds.The 65μm PDMS/DVB fiber had the lowest absorption capacity,as well as the least amounts of the target substances for detection.It was concluded that either CAR/PDMS or DVB/CAR/PDMS could be adequately applied for the determination.
Aromatic compounds in Wanxiang longans were extracted by using three different solid phase microextraction(SPME)fibers,i.e.,50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS,75μm CAR/PDMS,and 65μm PDMS/DVB,on GC-MS analysis for comparison.A total of 55 aromatics were detected.The main volatile components were alkenes and esters,including 1,3,6-Octatriene,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z),ethyl acetate,and diethyl phthalate.The 50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber showed a high sensitivity and the best extraction effect on alkenes and esters among three,while 75μm CAR/PDMS had a wide absorption selectivity and the highest amounts of the aromatic compounds.The 65μm PDMS/DVB fiber had the lowest absorption capacity,as well as the least amounts of the target substances for detection.It was concluded that either CAR/PDMS or DVB/CAR/PDMS could be adequately applied for the determination.
2015, 30(12): 1155-1159.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.005
Abstract:
Agronomic characteristics,e.g.,stipe length,cap size,and cap thickness,as well as their correlations with the product yield of 22 strains of Flammulina velutipes were studied.The results showed that the color of the fruiting bodies of F0006,F0016+1,F0111,F0148,and F0154 was white,while the others were yellow or light yellow.In general,the yellow and pale yellow mushrooms had a higher yield and a shorter squaring time(i.e.,16-28 days vs.50+ days for most of the white strains,except F0016+1)than their white counterparts.The white F0016+1,showing a high yield,short squaring time,long stipe,very thick cap with regular size,and delayed parachuting,was considered a strain with desirable traits and high commercial value.It was found that the stipe length,not the size nor cap thickness,correlated positively with the mushroom yield.
Agronomic characteristics,e.g.,stipe length,cap size,and cap thickness,as well as their correlations with the product yield of 22 strains of Flammulina velutipes were studied.The results showed that the color of the fruiting bodies of F0006,F0016+1,F0111,F0148,and F0154 was white,while the others were yellow or light yellow.In general,the yellow and pale yellow mushrooms had a higher yield and a shorter squaring time(i.e.,16-28 days vs.50+ days for most of the white strains,except F0016+1)than their white counterparts.The white F0016+1,showing a high yield,short squaring time,long stipe,very thick cap with regular size,and delayed parachuting,was considered a strain with desirable traits and high commercial value.It was found that the stipe length,not the size nor cap thickness,correlated positively with the mushroom yield.
2015, 30(12): 1160-1165.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.006
Abstract:
This study aimed to select effective fungicides for the control of the southern corn leaf blight caused by Bipolaria maydis.Toxicities of various fungicides were determined according to the rates of the mycelial growth and spore germination of B.maydisin media containing the fungicides.The efficacies of the fungicides in controlling the disease were evaluated by apot experimentation.The results showed that 9fungicides,including fluazinam,prochloraz,and difenoconazole,had a strong inhibition effect on the mycelial growth of B.maydis,with EC50 lower than 1μg·mL-1.Chlorothalonil and mancozeb were not effective in retarding the fungal growth,with EC50 of 7.6075 and 12.0671μg·mL-1,respectively.However,chlorothalonil,mancozeb,pyraclostrobin,fluazinam,and iprodione were found highly inhibitive on the spore germination,with EC50 of 0.3565,0.4523,1.7093,2.9763,and 37.5795μg·mL-1,respectively.Other DMI fungicides were low in inhibiting the spore germination,with EC50 above 160μg·mL-1.The control effect of spraying 1,000-time dilution of 50%iprodione SC,600-time dilution of 75% chlorothalonil WP,1,000-time dilution of 80% mancozeb WP,or 2,000-time dilution of 50%fluazinam SC 2hprior to inoculation was greater than 80% on the pathogen.
This study aimed to select effective fungicides for the control of the southern corn leaf blight caused by Bipolaria maydis.Toxicities of various fungicides were determined according to the rates of the mycelial growth and spore germination of B.maydisin media containing the fungicides.The efficacies of the fungicides in controlling the disease were evaluated by apot experimentation.The results showed that 9fungicides,including fluazinam,prochloraz,and difenoconazole,had a strong inhibition effect on the mycelial growth of B.maydis,with EC50 lower than 1μg·mL-1.Chlorothalonil and mancozeb were not effective in retarding the fungal growth,with EC50 of 7.6075 and 12.0671μg·mL-1,respectively.However,chlorothalonil,mancozeb,pyraclostrobin,fluazinam,and iprodione were found highly inhibitive on the spore germination,with EC50 of 0.3565,0.4523,1.7093,2.9763,and 37.5795μg·mL-1,respectively.Other DMI fungicides were low in inhibiting the spore germination,with EC50 above 160μg·mL-1.The control effect of spraying 1,000-time dilution of 50%iprodione SC,600-time dilution of 75% chlorothalonil WP,1,000-time dilution of 80% mancozeb WP,or 2,000-time dilution of 50%fluazinam SC 2hprior to inoculation was greater than 80% on the pathogen.
2015, 30(12): 1166-1170.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.007
Abstract:
Appearance and population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)at the rice fields in the Karst region in Guizhou was studied.By using light traps and systematic field surveys,the variations on the pest population in 5rice producing areas were monitored during 2010 and 2011.The results revealed that the population size varied significantly from year to year and from area to area.The initial migration of C.medinalis occurred in early May of2010 in Daozhen,Jinping,Sinan and Sandu.However,it changed to early June in 2011 in Jinping and Sandu,and late May in 2010 and 2011in Huishui.In the paddy fields,there were generally 3to 4overlapping generations of the pests in a year.The 2nd and 3rd generation C.medinalis were the major pestilent generations with damages to the crops peaked in July.It appeared that the topography,altitude,temperature and diversity of rice development were the main factors affecting the occurrence pattern of C.medinalis in Guizhou.
Appearance and population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)at the rice fields in the Karst region in Guizhou was studied.By using light traps and systematic field surveys,the variations on the pest population in 5rice producing areas were monitored during 2010 and 2011.The results revealed that the population size varied significantly from year to year and from area to area.The initial migration of C.medinalis occurred in early May of2010 in Daozhen,Jinping,Sinan and Sandu.However,it changed to early June in 2011 in Jinping and Sandu,and late May in 2010 and 2011in Huishui.In the paddy fields,there were generally 3to 4overlapping generations of the pests in a year.The 2nd and 3rd generation C.medinalis were the major pestilent generations with damages to the crops peaked in July.It appeared that the topography,altitude,temperature and diversity of rice development were the main factors affecting the occurrence pattern of C.medinalis in Guizhou.
2015, 30(12): 1171-1177.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.008
Abstract:
In order to study the changes in microbial community structure and functional diversity in rhizosphere soil,five soil samples were used as experimental materials in this paper.Biolog results indicated that there was a significant change in the catabolic diversity in response to microbial fertilizer treatments.There was a highest metabolic activity in utilizing carbon in the newly planted soil.Compared to the second year-monoculture soil and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-treated soil(treatment 3),the metabolic activities of 6kinds of carbon were lower in microbial fertilizers-treated soils(treatments 1and 2).PLFA results showed that 27 kinds of PLFA biomarkers were extracted from five soil samples.The group-specific PLFAs in five soil samples showed the same trend that gram-positive bacteria(G +)>fungi> gram-negative bacteria(G-)> bacteria > actinomycete.Compared to the second year-monoculture soil and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-treated soil,,the contents of these group-specific PLFAswere significantly lower inmicrobial fertilizers-treated soils(treatments 1and 2).The variability in the PLFA profiles was consistent with the changes in BIOLOGfingerprinting.Moreover,the ratio of cyclopropyl PLFAs to their metabolic precursors(cy/pre)was greatly higher in the second year-monoculture soil and Bacillus amyloliquef aciens-treated soil than in the microbial fertilizers-treated soils,implying higher physiological stresses in microbial communities in the consecutively monocultured soils.In conclusion,Radix pseudostellariae monoculture and microbial fertilizer treatments had great effects on the microbial community structure and functional diversity.It suggested that the imbalance in soil microbial community was one of the main reasons for consecutive monoculture problems of Radix pseudostellariae.
In order to study the changes in microbial community structure and functional diversity in rhizosphere soil,five soil samples were used as experimental materials in this paper.Biolog results indicated that there was a significant change in the catabolic diversity in response to microbial fertilizer treatments.There was a highest metabolic activity in utilizing carbon in the newly planted soil.Compared to the second year-monoculture soil and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-treated soil(treatment 3),the metabolic activities of 6kinds of carbon were lower in microbial fertilizers-treated soils(treatments 1and 2).PLFA results showed that 27 kinds of PLFA biomarkers were extracted from five soil samples.The group-specific PLFAs in five soil samples showed the same trend that gram-positive bacteria(G +)>fungi> gram-negative bacteria(G-)> bacteria > actinomycete.Compared to the second year-monoculture soil and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-treated soil,,the contents of these group-specific PLFAswere significantly lower inmicrobial fertilizers-treated soils(treatments 1and 2).The variability in the PLFA profiles was consistent with the changes in BIOLOGfingerprinting.Moreover,the ratio of cyclopropyl PLFAs to their metabolic precursors(cy/pre)was greatly higher in the second year-monoculture soil and Bacillus amyloliquef aciens-treated soil than in the microbial fertilizers-treated soils,implying higher physiological stresses in microbial communities in the consecutively monocultured soils.In conclusion,Radix pseudostellariae monoculture and microbial fertilizer treatments had great effects on the microbial community structure and functional diversity.It suggested that the imbalance in soil microbial community was one of the main reasons for consecutive monoculture problems of Radix pseudostellariae.
2015, 30(12): 1178-1183.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.009
Abstract:
To determine the effects of aluminum stress on the mineral contents in the seedlings of Chinese fir,apot experiment was conducted.Changes in the mineral contents of the roots and leaves of the seedlings induced by varying the aluminum in soil were monitored and analyzed statistically for possible correlations among them.The aluminum contents in the soil were adjusted to be 0,50,100,150,and 200mg·kg-1.The results showed that the contents of B,Mo,K,Fe,and Mn in the roots increased initially and decreased subsequently with increasing aluminum.It indicated that absorption of the elements by the plants was promoted at low level,but inhibited by excess aluminum presented in the soil.The content of B in the leaves showed a similar trend as well.In the leaves,the content of Mo increased slightly only at high level of aluminum,while K,Fe and Mn increased with the increasing aluminum.The statistical analysis showed that B had a significant correlation with both Mo and Fe in the roots,while that between Mo and Fe was highly significant.In the leaves,B significantly correlated with Mn,while Fe with both Mo and Mn.Moreover,there was a significant or highly significant correlation between K and other 4minerals.
To determine the effects of aluminum stress on the mineral contents in the seedlings of Chinese fir,apot experiment was conducted.Changes in the mineral contents of the roots and leaves of the seedlings induced by varying the aluminum in soil were monitored and analyzed statistically for possible correlations among them.The aluminum contents in the soil were adjusted to be 0,50,100,150,and 200mg·kg-1.The results showed that the contents of B,Mo,K,Fe,and Mn in the roots increased initially and decreased subsequently with increasing aluminum.It indicated that absorption of the elements by the plants was promoted at low level,but inhibited by excess aluminum presented in the soil.The content of B in the leaves showed a similar trend as well.In the leaves,the content of Mo increased slightly only at high level of aluminum,while K,Fe and Mn increased with the increasing aluminum.The statistical analysis showed that B had a significant correlation with both Mo and Fe in the roots,while that between Mo and Fe was highly significant.In the leaves,B significantly correlated with Mn,while Fe with both Mo and Mn.Moreover,there was a significant or highly significant correlation between K and other 4minerals.
2015, 30(12): 1184-1192.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.010
Abstract:
Screened from a collection of bacillus bacteria,the antibacterial and protease-producing Brevibacillus formosus FJAT-10011 was selected.Characteristics of the protease and antibacterial properties of its fermentation supernatant were studied.The peak activity of the protease was found at pH 6.0and 40℃.However,the enzyme remained stable below40℃ and between pH 5.0and 9.0.The anti-enterobacterial component of the supernatant exhibited a high temperature stability–its activity decreased merely 20%at 80℃in 30 minutes.Furthermore,the stability was the highest in the range of pH 6.0to 8.0,and not affected by proteinase K,pepsin or trypsin.In addition,FJAT-10011 could also inhibit Fusarium oxysporum,similar to the effect by the antibiotic,hygromycin,at 1mg·mL-1.
Screened from a collection of bacillus bacteria,the antibacterial and protease-producing Brevibacillus formosus FJAT-10011 was selected.Characteristics of the protease and antibacterial properties of its fermentation supernatant were studied.The peak activity of the protease was found at pH 6.0and 40℃.However,the enzyme remained stable below40℃ and between pH 5.0and 9.0.The anti-enterobacterial component of the supernatant exhibited a high temperature stability–its activity decreased merely 20%at 80℃in 30 minutes.Furthermore,the stability was the highest in the range of pH 6.0to 8.0,and not affected by proteinase K,pepsin or trypsin.In addition,FJAT-10011 could also inhibit Fusarium oxysporum,similar to the effect by the antibiotic,hygromycin,at 1mg·mL-1.
2015, 30(12): 1193-1198.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.011
Abstract:
Effects of extracting factors,the ratio of raw materials,the ratio of raw material to water,extraction temperature and extraction time,on healthy ingredients(polysaccharides and flavonoids contents)and the extract quality(liquor colour,aroma and taste)of lemongrass tea had been studied on the basis of single factor test and orthogonal test with lemongrass as the main material,added with a little stevia,mint,jasmine and marigold.The results showed that the optimal extracting conditions were 100℃,80 min and the ratio of raw material to water 1∶60in the single factor test.With the extracting conditions,the elution volume of flavonoids increased by 35.26%-148.0%,63.3%-244.8% and 5.5%-54.6% as compared with other treatments respectively,and the elution volume of polysaccharides increased by 0%-34.8%,17.6%-119.8% and 2.7%-19.4%,respectively.However,in the orthogonal test,the optimal extracting conditions were 80℃,80 min and the ratio of raw material to water 1∶60,and the extraction liquid was weak ginger,moderate sweet,transparent and yellowish liquid.it suggested that the best ratio of raw material to water is 1∶60for extracting healthy ingredients,and it was 1∶80for producing soft drinks considering the difference of the ratio of raw material to water between single factor test and orthogonal test.Based on the orthogonal test,the best ratio of raw materials(lemongrass∶stevia:mint∶jasmine and marigold)was 5∶1.5∶1.0∶0.5for health ingredients and 3.5∶0.5∶1.0∶1.5for soft drinks.
Effects of extracting factors,the ratio of raw materials,the ratio of raw material to water,extraction temperature and extraction time,on healthy ingredients(polysaccharides and flavonoids contents)and the extract quality(liquor colour,aroma and taste)of lemongrass tea had been studied on the basis of single factor test and orthogonal test with lemongrass as the main material,added with a little stevia,mint,jasmine and marigold.The results showed that the optimal extracting conditions were 100℃,80 min and the ratio of raw material to water 1∶60in the single factor test.With the extracting conditions,the elution volume of flavonoids increased by 35.26%-148.0%,63.3%-244.8% and 5.5%-54.6% as compared with other treatments respectively,and the elution volume of polysaccharides increased by 0%-34.8%,17.6%-119.8% and 2.7%-19.4%,respectively.However,in the orthogonal test,the optimal extracting conditions were 80℃,80 min and the ratio of raw material to water 1∶60,and the extraction liquid was weak ginger,moderate sweet,transparent and yellowish liquid.it suggested that the best ratio of raw material to water is 1∶60for extracting healthy ingredients,and it was 1∶80for producing soft drinks considering the difference of the ratio of raw material to water between single factor test and orthogonal test.Based on the orthogonal test,the best ratio of raw materials(lemongrass∶stevia:mint∶jasmine and marigold)was 5∶1.5∶1.0∶0.5for health ingredients and 3.5∶0.5∶1.0∶1.5for soft drinks.
2015, 30(12): 1199-1202.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.012
Abstract:
Effects of ultrasonic power,solid:liquid ratio and application time on the polysaccharide extraction from pitaya flowers were studied.Optimal processing conditions were determined using single factor and orthogonal experiments.They included the ultrasonic power of 180 W,a solid:liquid ratio of 1∶55,and a treatment time of50 min.The resultant yields of polysaccharide were found to be 68.49mg·g-1and 71.23mg·g-1 for Baiyu and Hongxin pitaya,respectively,with a significant difference(P<0.05)between the two varieties.The in vitro antioxidant activities measured by the total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the extracted polysaccharides were high,particularly from Baiyu.The activities increased with increasing concentration of the polysaccharides,and a linear correlation between them on the extract from Hongxin pitaya flowers was found.
Effects of ultrasonic power,solid:liquid ratio and application time on the polysaccharide extraction from pitaya flowers were studied.Optimal processing conditions were determined using single factor and orthogonal experiments.They included the ultrasonic power of 180 W,a solid:liquid ratio of 1∶55,and a treatment time of50 min.The resultant yields of polysaccharide were found to be 68.49mg·g-1and 71.23mg·g-1 for Baiyu and Hongxin pitaya,respectively,with a significant difference(P<0.05)between the two varieties.The in vitro antioxidant activities measured by the total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the extracted polysaccharides were high,particularly from Baiyu.The activities increased with increasing concentration of the polysaccharides,and a linear correlation between them on the extract from Hongxin pitaya flowers was found.
2015, 30(12): 1203-1206.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.013
Abstract:
Based on previous studies and practices,a new straw-bag-reinforced mud wall was designed for the soil and water conservation in Changting County,Fujian.The structure offered an improved overall stability and balanced internal stress over the conventional mud walls,according to the engineering model.From the lab experiment,the hove tendons limit and the relationship between the allowable stress and deformation were determined to establish the theoretical anchorage length for reinforcement and soil deformation occlusal.Potential problems encountered with and their countermeasures on the service life and construction of the newly designed mud wall were discussed.A blueprint for the construction and criteria of the straw-bag-reinforced mud wall are presented.
Based on previous studies and practices,a new straw-bag-reinforced mud wall was designed for the soil and water conservation in Changting County,Fujian.The structure offered an improved overall stability and balanced internal stress over the conventional mud walls,according to the engineering model.From the lab experiment,the hove tendons limit and the relationship between the allowable stress and deformation were determined to establish the theoretical anchorage length for reinforcement and soil deformation occlusal.Potential problems encountered with and their countermeasures on the service life and construction of the newly designed mud wall were discussed.A blueprint for the construction and criteria of the straw-bag-reinforced mud wall are presented.
2015, 30(12): 1207-1213.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.014
Abstract:
With the less land areas and large populations,Fujian province has become the third largest food demand area in china.Under the background of rapid urbanization,the contradiction between grain production and demand of food consumption is becoming more and more intensified.In this paper,we built an integrated index of regional food security,including the food self-sufficiency rate,per capita share of grain,grain production levels,per capita arable land,and fluctuation coefficient in grain production.Then we evaluated the food security of all the cities in Fujian province in both 2006 and 2012using the coefficient of food security method.The results showed that:(1)the food security situation in Fujian Province was in criticality safety level and the overall food security could be guaranteed.But the downward pressure of food self-sufficiency rate was increasing;(2)there were obvious differences among food security of various regions,severe deterioration could be proved in the coastal areas according to the changing trends;(3)based on the food security evaluation scores(Q value),nine cities in Fujian was divided into three types:regions of food security,including Sanming,Nanping and Longyan;regions of critical food safety,including Zhangzhou and Ningde;regions of food insecurity,including the other cities.Finally,according to different types of food security and consumption characteristics in nine cities,we proposed some policy suggestions to ensure regional food security of Fujian province.
With the less land areas and large populations,Fujian province has become the third largest food demand area in china.Under the background of rapid urbanization,the contradiction between grain production and demand of food consumption is becoming more and more intensified.In this paper,we built an integrated index of regional food security,including the food self-sufficiency rate,per capita share of grain,grain production levels,per capita arable land,and fluctuation coefficient in grain production.Then we evaluated the food security of all the cities in Fujian province in both 2006 and 2012using the coefficient of food security method.The results showed that:(1)the food security situation in Fujian Province was in criticality safety level and the overall food security could be guaranteed.But the downward pressure of food self-sufficiency rate was increasing;(2)there were obvious differences among food security of various regions,severe deterioration could be proved in the coastal areas according to the changing trends;(3)based on the food security evaluation scores(Q value),nine cities in Fujian was divided into three types:regions of food security,including Sanming,Nanping and Longyan;regions of critical food safety,including Zhangzhou and Ningde;regions of food insecurity,including the other cities.Finally,according to different types of food security and consumption characteristics in nine cities,we proposed some policy suggestions to ensure regional food security of Fujian province.
2015, 30(12): 1214-1218.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.015
Abstract:
A serial of managing and supportive policy for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry in Fujian had been conducted,and the effect was remarkable.But there were still some problems in the implementation of the policy,the technique of harmless treatment,livestock insurance and investigating and punishing for the illegal behavior.So the responsibility system for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry should be strengthened,harmless treatment mode should be adjusted to local conditions,the centralized treatment factory should be built,the illegal and criminal activities should be punished strictly,insurance and harmless treatment of livestock and poultry should be coordinatively controlled.
A serial of managing and supportive policy for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry in Fujian had been conducted,and the effect was remarkable.But there were still some problems in the implementation of the policy,the technique of harmless treatment,livestock insurance and investigating and punishing for the illegal behavior.So the responsibility system for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry should be strengthened,harmless treatment mode should be adjusted to local conditions,the centralized treatment factory should be built,the illegal and criminal activities should be punished strictly,insurance and harmless treatment of livestock and poultry should be coordinatively controlled.
2015, 30(12): 1219-1222.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.016
Abstract:
This article analyzes the current status of peanuts agriculture in Fujian.To upgrade the peanut production by mechanization faces a great deal of challenges,including the complex terrain and soil type,small farmland,few large-scale production,etc.Technically,obsolete equipment and facilities hinders optimal performance,while traditional practices prevents efficient operations,and an absence of uniform standards causes confusion on logistics and marketing.Consequently,it is imperative that agricultural mechanization and agronomy need to be jointly improved with appropriate governmental and industrial supports in order to modernize the agriculture.Dissemination and demonstration of the advanced technology and management would be essential for the realization of large-scale production of peanuts in the province.
This article analyzes the current status of peanuts agriculture in Fujian.To upgrade the peanut production by mechanization faces a great deal of challenges,including the complex terrain and soil type,small farmland,few large-scale production,etc.Technically,obsolete equipment and facilities hinders optimal performance,while traditional practices prevents efficient operations,and an absence of uniform standards causes confusion on logistics and marketing.Consequently,it is imperative that agricultural mechanization and agronomy need to be jointly improved with appropriate governmental and industrial supports in order to modernize the agriculture.Dissemination and demonstration of the advanced technology and management would be essential for the realization of large-scale production of peanuts in the province.
2015, 30(12): 1223-1230.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.017
Abstract:
In an agricultural ecosystem,nitrogen is one of three essential nutrients required by crops.Soluble organic nitrogen(SON),as a form of soil nitrogen,plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle in an agri-ecosystem.This paper summarizes the recent research results on SON worldwide,as well as the sources,components,extraction methods,contents, factors, seasonal variations, and ecological functions of SON in the ecosystems.Recommendations for future studies and theoretical considerations relating to SON are presented.
In an agricultural ecosystem,nitrogen is one of three essential nutrients required by crops.Soluble organic nitrogen(SON),as a form of soil nitrogen,plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle in an agri-ecosystem.This paper summarizes the recent research results on SON worldwide,as well as the sources,components,extraction methods,contents, factors, seasonal variations, and ecological functions of SON in the ecosystems.Recommendations for future studies and theoretical considerations relating to SON are presented.
2015, 30(12): 1231-1237.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.12.018
Abstract:
Effects of sunlight on the growth,tea yield and quality,photosynthetic characteristics,and factors affecting the photosynthesis of tea plants are summarized.Existing methods to improve the photosynthesis for tea plants are reviewed.This article aimed to provide relevant information for tea production as well as future studies.
Effects of sunlight on the growth,tea yield and quality,photosynthetic characteristics,and factors affecting the photosynthesis of tea plants are summarized.Existing methods to improve the photosynthesis for tea plants are reviewed.This article aimed to provide relevant information for tea production as well as future studies.
