2015 Vol. 30, No. 10
Display Method:
2015, 30(10): 927-932.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.002
Abstract:
In preparation of using the high-yield ratoon rice,Jiafuzhan,for mechanized cultivation,the stalk-lodging control with nitrogen(N)fertilization and the application of a lodging agent were testedon the initial crop of the rice.The results showed that N fertilization increased the tiller count,leaf area and dry matter accumulation.At13.8kg N per 667m2,the highest yield was obtained.It followed by the N fertilization of 9.2kg.However,the yields were not significantly different.The bending moment of the rice stalks increased with increasing N application.The resistance of lodging(EPT)related to N addition in a parabolic function.The 13.8kg N per667m2 treatment significantly increased the bending moment of stalks,but less apparent on EPT with lodging observedat maturity of the plant.The Gasch lodging agent,Lifengling,significantly reduced the bending moment and increased the effect on EPT of the rice stalks.It appeared that,through adequate applications of both N fertilizer and lodging agent,Jiafuzhan could be adequately applied inmechanized cultivation.
In preparation of using the high-yield ratoon rice,Jiafuzhan,for mechanized cultivation,the stalk-lodging control with nitrogen(N)fertilization and the application of a lodging agent were testedon the initial crop of the rice.The results showed that N fertilization increased the tiller count,leaf area and dry matter accumulation.At13.8kg N per 667m2,the highest yield was obtained.It followed by the N fertilization of 9.2kg.However,the yields were not significantly different.The bending moment of the rice stalks increased with increasing N application.The resistance of lodging(EPT)related to N addition in a parabolic function.The 13.8kg N per667m2 treatment significantly increased the bending moment of stalks,but less apparent on EPT with lodging observedat maturity of the plant.The Gasch lodging agent,Lifengling,significantly reduced the bending moment and increased the effect on EPT of the rice stalks.It appeared that,through adequate applications of both N fertilizer and lodging agent,Jiafuzhan could be adequately applied inmechanized cultivation.
2015, 30(10): 933-938.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.003
Abstract:
Based on the recent 289 field experiments on N,P and K fertilization forthe single-cropping ricein Fujian,recommendations were formulated using the response function methodology.The results showed that(a)on average the rice yieldswith the N,P and K applications increased by 22.6%,15.5% and 15.6% respectively;(b)fertilizationon the medium-to low-yield fields was more effective than the high-yield fields;(c)P applied in the mountainous areas produced greater result than the coastal zones;(d)K showed an outcome opposite to that of P;(d)in general,the economical application rates were N 160kg·hm-2,P2O559kg·hm-2,and K2 O 122kg·hm-2,with a proportion of N∶P∶K=1∶0.4∶0.8;and(e)fertilizer application rate varied bylocation and soil fertility of the rice field.Regression equations between the alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P or available K of the soil in question and theappropriateN,P and K fertilizations are presented to provide aneasy access for the field applications once the soil conditionsare determined.
Based on the recent 289 field experiments on N,P and K fertilization forthe single-cropping ricein Fujian,recommendations were formulated using the response function methodology.The results showed that(a)on average the rice yieldswith the N,P and K applications increased by 22.6%,15.5% and 15.6% respectively;(b)fertilizationon the medium-to low-yield fields was more effective than the high-yield fields;(c)P applied in the mountainous areas produced greater result than the coastal zones;(d)K showed an outcome opposite to that of P;(d)in general,the economical application rates were N 160kg·hm-2,P2O559kg·hm-2,and K2 O 122kg·hm-2,with a proportion of N∶P∶K=1∶0.4∶0.8;and(e)fertilizer application rate varied bylocation and soil fertility of the rice field.Regression equations between the alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P or available K of the soil in question and theappropriateN,P and K fertilizations are presented to provide aneasy access for the field applications once the soil conditionsare determined.
2015, 30(10): 939-943.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.004
Abstract:
Seeds of Cymbidium ensifolium var.susin were used as the explant tissue to study the aseptic sowing and rapid propagation in situcultivation for the plant.Effects of the medium(MS,MS,Hyponex No.1or improved MS)and phytohormone(6-BA,TDZ,and/or NAA)on the mass breeding during seed germination,rhizome multiplication,and rhizome differentiation stages.The results showed that the 1/2MS medium with 6-BA 3.0mg·L-1,NAA 0.5mg·L-1,LH 2.0g·L-1,AC 1.0g·L-1 and sugar 30g·L-1 was conducive to the seed germination;the improved medium No.1with TDZ 1.0mg·L-1,NAA 0.5mg·L-1,AC 0.5g·L-1 and sugar30g·L-1 was favorable for the rhizome multiplication(the propagation coefficient reached 8.1in 45days);and,the improved medium No.1with 6-BA2.0mg·L-1,NAA 0.1mg·L-1and sugar 30g·L-1for 45 days followed by transferring the subculture onto the MS with IBA 0.5mg·L-1,AC 0.5g·L-1and sugar 20g·L-1for 60 days was bestfor rhizome differentiation.At the end,young plantlets emerged and developed into mature plants with a rhizome differentiation rate of 86.3% and a rooting rate of 100.0%.
Seeds of Cymbidium ensifolium var.susin were used as the explant tissue to study the aseptic sowing and rapid propagation in situcultivation for the plant.Effects of the medium(MS,MS,Hyponex No.1or improved MS)and phytohormone(6-BA,TDZ,and/or NAA)on the mass breeding during seed germination,rhizome multiplication,and rhizome differentiation stages.The results showed that the 1/2MS medium with 6-BA 3.0mg·L-1,NAA 0.5mg·L-1,LH 2.0g·L-1,AC 1.0g·L-1 and sugar 30g·L-1 was conducive to the seed germination;the improved medium No.1with TDZ 1.0mg·L-1,NAA 0.5mg·L-1,AC 0.5g·L-1 and sugar30g·L-1 was favorable for the rhizome multiplication(the propagation coefficient reached 8.1in 45days);and,the improved medium No.1with 6-BA2.0mg·L-1,NAA 0.1mg·L-1and sugar 30g·L-1for 45 days followed by transferring the subculture onto the MS with IBA 0.5mg·L-1,AC 0.5g·L-1and sugar 20g·L-1for 60 days was bestfor rhizome differentiation.At the end,young plantlets emerged and developed into mature plants with a rhizome differentiation rate of 86.3% and a rooting rate of 100.0%.
2015, 30(10): 944-947.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.005
Abstract:
To measure polysaccharide contents in different parts of pitaya flower with white flesh and explore the differences in antioxidant activity in vitro.Extract polysacchardies from different parts of pitaya flower with white flesh by hot water extraction,and measure antioxidant capacity in different parts of polysacchardies by total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical test boxes.The results showed that there′s an extremely distinct difference for polysaccharide contents in different parts,and the highest content was in the style which reach(148.67±7.13)mg·g-1.The polysaccharides in different parts of pitaya flower possessed potent antioxidant activity,showing a positive concentration effect relationship for total antioxidant capacity,and scavenging hydroxyl radical.The ability to total antioxidant capacity order was style>calyx>petal>pistil.The ability to scavenging hydroxyl radical order was calyx>pistil>petal>style.
To measure polysaccharide contents in different parts of pitaya flower with white flesh and explore the differences in antioxidant activity in vitro.Extract polysacchardies from different parts of pitaya flower with white flesh by hot water extraction,and measure antioxidant capacity in different parts of polysacchardies by total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical test boxes.The results showed that there′s an extremely distinct difference for polysaccharide contents in different parts,and the highest content was in the style which reach(148.67±7.13)mg·g-1.The polysaccharides in different parts of pitaya flower possessed potent antioxidant activity,showing a positive concentration effect relationship for total antioxidant capacity,and scavenging hydroxyl radical.The ability to total antioxidant capacity order was style>calyx>petal>pistil.The ability to scavenging hydroxyl radical order was calyx>pistil>petal>style.
2015, 30(10): 948-953.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.006
Abstract:
Extracellular metabolites of Brevibacillus choshinensis FJAT-10008 were analyzed by liquid chromatographyhybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Nigericin from FJAT-10008 was tested. Molecular Feature Extraction(MFE)and database retrieval were applied to access the information of overall metabolites of B.choshinensis.As a result,1246 compounds were detected and 206 of them were identified.The match score of Nigericin was 92.12 and its relative content was 1.45%.The retention time of Nigericin was about 28.7017 min,and its accurate mass was724.4679.The results provided a theory basis for development and utilization of polyether antibiotics fromB.choshinensis.
Extracellular metabolites of Brevibacillus choshinensis FJAT-10008 were analyzed by liquid chromatographyhybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Nigericin from FJAT-10008 was tested. Molecular Feature Extraction(MFE)and database retrieval were applied to access the information of overall metabolites of B.choshinensis.As a result,1246 compounds were detected and 206 of them were identified.The match score of Nigericin was 92.12 and its relative content was 1.45%.The retention time of Nigericin was about 28.7017 min,and its accurate mass was724.4679.The results provided a theory basis for development and utilization of polyether antibiotics fromB.choshinensis.
2015, 30(10): 954-957.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.007
Abstract:
Bacteria isolated from the soil around a lake in Xizang(Tibet),China were studied.Physiological and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to understand the diversity and ecological distribution of the psycrotrophic and psycrophlic populations in the area.On NA media,the collected cold-adapted strains of bacteria that produced protease were cultured.Their taxonomic identity and genetic variability were determined according to their partial16 SrRNA gene sequences.Of the 16 isolates,FJAT-24893 was found to exhibit a high protease activity.It was subsequently identified as Bacillus frigoritolerans.The optimal protease-producing conditions for culturing the strain were determined to be 25℃and pH8.
Bacteria isolated from the soil around a lake in Xizang(Tibet),China were studied.Physiological and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to understand the diversity and ecological distribution of the psycrotrophic and psycrophlic populations in the area.On NA media,the collected cold-adapted strains of bacteria that produced protease were cultured.Their taxonomic identity and genetic variability were determined according to their partial16 SrRNA gene sequences.Of the 16 isolates,FJAT-24893 was found to exhibit a high protease activity.It was subsequently identified as Bacillus frigoritolerans.The optimal protease-producing conditions for culturing the strain were determined to be 25℃and pH8.
2015, 30(10): 958-964.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.008
Abstract:
Antibacterial efficacy andprotease-producing capability of Brevibacillus formosus FJAT-10011 were studied.Screening and optimizing the culture conditions were conducted with a single-factor test and an orthogonal experiment.The optimal medium was determined to contain 1.25% starch,1.25% peptone,0.3% beef extract powder,0.5% NaCl,0.05% MgSO4,and 0.05% K2 HPO4.The optimized fermentation process included the following conditions:an initial pH of 5.5,a temperature at 25℃,the filling of the liquid medium at 30 mL/250 mL,a bacterial inoculum rate at 1%,and a fermentation duration of 24 h.Under these conditions,the protease activity of the supernatant of the liquid medium reached 8.41U·mL-1,which was 141 times greater than that in the beginning of the fermentation.The diameter of the antibacterial zone shown on a petri dish test was 15.71 mm,a 35.31%increase as compared to the non-optimized control.
Antibacterial efficacy andprotease-producing capability of Brevibacillus formosus FJAT-10011 were studied.Screening and optimizing the culture conditions were conducted with a single-factor test and an orthogonal experiment.The optimal medium was determined to contain 1.25% starch,1.25% peptone,0.3% beef extract powder,0.5% NaCl,0.05% MgSO4,and 0.05% K2 HPO4.The optimized fermentation process included the following conditions:an initial pH of 5.5,a temperature at 25℃,the filling of the liquid medium at 30 mL/250 mL,a bacterial inoculum rate at 1%,and a fermentation duration of 24 h.Under these conditions,the protease activity of the supernatant of the liquid medium reached 8.41U·mL-1,which was 141 times greater than that in the beginning of the fermentation.The diameter of the antibacterial zone shown on a petri dish test was 15.71 mm,a 35.31%increase as compared to the non-optimized control.
2015, 30(10): 965-969.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.009
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of salt ions in the soil on the peripheral wetlands around Ebinur Lake in Xinjiang.Quantitative determination of salt ions in the soil was conducted by field sampling and analysis carried out in the laboratory.Statistical analysis and descriptive statistics were applied to characterize the soil salinity and ion content in the area.The results indicated that the soil salinities of all sampling points in the area ranged from 0.06g·kg-1 to 29.69g·kg-1,with significant variations among the different locations;the soil variation coefficient increased with increasing ground depth,e.g.,the coefficients were 0.99 and 0.93 in the 0-5cm and 5-20 cm layers of soil,respectively,while in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers they were both 1.08;Cl-and K++Na+were the main salt ions,and the salts included mostly Na2SO4,NaHCO3 and NaCl in the soil;the ion contents in the soil seemed to correlate to one another,with the highest correlation coefficient between Cland K++Na+at 0.997;and there was a significant difference between the median and the mean values on salt contents of all samples.It was concluded that the salt distribution in the soil was uneven,the highest being in the surface layer.The spatial distribution of salts indicated that 0-5cm and 5-20 cm layers had a medium degree of variation,and 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers had a high degree of variation.The salt ion contents decreased with increasing depth of soil,and SO42-and Ca2+were the most significant in that respect.
This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of salt ions in the soil on the peripheral wetlands around Ebinur Lake in Xinjiang.Quantitative determination of salt ions in the soil was conducted by field sampling and analysis carried out in the laboratory.Statistical analysis and descriptive statistics were applied to characterize the soil salinity and ion content in the area.The results indicated that the soil salinities of all sampling points in the area ranged from 0.06g·kg-1 to 29.69g·kg-1,with significant variations among the different locations;the soil variation coefficient increased with increasing ground depth,e.g.,the coefficients were 0.99 and 0.93 in the 0-5cm and 5-20 cm layers of soil,respectively,while in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers they were both 1.08;Cl-and K++Na+were the main salt ions,and the salts included mostly Na2SO4,NaHCO3 and NaCl in the soil;the ion contents in the soil seemed to correlate to one another,with the highest correlation coefficient between Cland K++Na+at 0.997;and there was a significant difference between the median and the mean values on salt contents of all samples.It was concluded that the salt distribution in the soil was uneven,the highest being in the surface layer.The spatial distribution of salts indicated that 0-5cm and 5-20 cm layers had a medium degree of variation,and 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers had a high degree of variation.The salt ion contents decreased with increasing depth of soil,and SO42-and Ca2+were the most significant in that respect.
2015, 30(10): 970-977.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.010
Abstract:
Two earthworm species,Eisenia foetida and Amynthas robustus,were grown in a pot experiment with Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.to study the effects of the different ecological types of earthworms on the fertility recovery and ecological restoration of the degraded lateritic red soil due to highway construction.Three treatments,i.e.,20 E.foetida,20 A.robustus,and 10 E.foetida plus 10 A.robustus,along with control(CK without earthworm inoculated)were applied.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,biomass and NPK accumulation of the A.hypochondriacus L.plants in the treatment groups were significantly higher than those in CK(P<0.05).E.foetida(i.e.,an epigeic earthworm species)enhanced the plant growth and nutrient accumulation more significantly than A.robustus(i.e.,an endogeic species).By using both earthworm species simultaneously in the soil,no synergistic effect was observed.Nonetheless,the presence of either of the earthworms enhanced the organic decomposition and nutrient activation in the soil significantly improving the plant growth.However,since soil improvement depends on the properties and conditions of the soil as well as the species of the inoculated earthworms,it would be necessary to firstly obtain the relevant information prior to the implementation.
Two earthworm species,Eisenia foetida and Amynthas robustus,were grown in a pot experiment with Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.to study the effects of the different ecological types of earthworms on the fertility recovery and ecological restoration of the degraded lateritic red soil due to highway construction.Three treatments,i.e.,20 E.foetida,20 A.robustus,and 10 E.foetida plus 10 A.robustus,along with control(CK without earthworm inoculated)were applied.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,biomass and NPK accumulation of the A.hypochondriacus L.plants in the treatment groups were significantly higher than those in CK(P<0.05).E.foetida(i.e.,an epigeic earthworm species)enhanced the plant growth and nutrient accumulation more significantly than A.robustus(i.e.,an endogeic species).By using both earthworm species simultaneously in the soil,no synergistic effect was observed.Nonetheless,the presence of either of the earthworms enhanced the organic decomposition and nutrient activation in the soil significantly improving the plant growth.However,since soil improvement depends on the properties and conditions of the soil as well as the species of the inoculated earthworms,it would be necessary to firstly obtain the relevant information prior to the implementation.
2015, 30(10): 978-983.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.011
Abstract:
To determine the diversity of the endophytic fungi grown on Dendrobium candidum,the ITS2 region from the samples was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq high-through put sequencing method.The number of sequences and operational taxonomic units(OTUs)of each sample were sorted and calculated using Qiime and Mothur software.The species abundance and distribution,alpha diversity index,and time of species abundance of the fungi were determined.The number of effective sequences was found to be 41 361;and the OTUs was 33.The rarefaction functions indicated an adequate sampling,while the OTU number was close to saturation.It was concluded that the endophytic fungi found in D.candidumbelonged to Emericella,and E.nidulans was the dominant species.
To determine the diversity of the endophytic fungi grown on Dendrobium candidum,the ITS2 region from the samples was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq high-through put sequencing method.The number of sequences and operational taxonomic units(OTUs)of each sample were sorted and calculated using Qiime and Mothur software.The species abundance and distribution,alpha diversity index,and time of species abundance of the fungi were determined.The number of effective sequences was found to be 41 361;and the OTUs was 33.The rarefaction functions indicated an adequate sampling,while the OTU number was close to saturation.It was concluded that the endophytic fungi found in D.candidumbelonged to Emericella,and E.nidulans was the dominant species.
2015, 30(10): 984-988.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.012
Abstract:
A new methodology was developed for etection and determination of the molecular variation of the potato spindle tuber viroid found in Fujian.A pair of primers was designed and synthesized based on the STVd gene isolated and amplified from the extracted viral RNA with RT-PCR.The specific fragment of 359 bp was isolated from the infected plants,but none from the healthy tissue samples.The fragment was amplified and subjected to validation by agarose gel electrophoresis.Then,the purified PCR product was cloned,sequenced and Blast searched to be identified as PSTVd isolate KM588065.1.The isolate shared 98% homogeneity with that from NCBI data bank.Comparing the sequence alignments of 3 other strains,the isolate appeared to contain 11 nucleotide polymorphisms with 5in the pathogenicity region.Based on the phylogenetic tree analysis on the DNA sequences of PSTVd from different countries and regions,this virus isolate was determined to be closely related to those from northern China,Europe and America,and only remotely related to that from New Zealand.
A new methodology was developed for etection and determination of the molecular variation of the potato spindle tuber viroid found in Fujian.A pair of primers was designed and synthesized based on the STVd gene isolated and amplified from the extracted viral RNA with RT-PCR.The specific fragment of 359 bp was isolated from the infected plants,but none from the healthy tissue samples.The fragment was amplified and subjected to validation by agarose gel electrophoresis.Then,the purified PCR product was cloned,sequenced and Blast searched to be identified as PSTVd isolate KM588065.1.The isolate shared 98% homogeneity with that from NCBI data bank.Comparing the sequence alignments of 3 other strains,the isolate appeared to contain 11 nucleotide polymorphisms with 5in the pathogenicity region.Based on the phylogenetic tree analysis on the DNA sequences of PSTVd from different countries and regions,this virus isolate was determined to be closely related to those from northern China,Europe and America,and only remotely related to that from New Zealand.
2015, 30(10): 989-992.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.013
Abstract:
Resistance of tea leafhoppers to bifenthrin was monitored consecutively from 2013 to 2015.Variations on the resistances of the insects to bifenthrin and acetamiprid at 4different sites in Fujian were determined using a tea tip-dipping method in 2014.The results indicated that the population at the tea gardens in Huanxi was 2.7times higher in its resistance to bifenthrin in 2014 and 8.6times higher in 2015 than in 2013.The resistance of leafhoppers to bifenthrin and acetamiprid differed significantly at different sites.The Huanxi population showed a low-resistance to bifenthrin and acetamiprid with a resistance index of 8.2times;at Jingu,a mid-resistance to bibenthrin and a low-resistance to acetamiprid were observed;at Huotong,a high-resistance to bifenthrin and a lowresistance to acetamiprid were found;and,at Dongfeng,high-resistances to both bifenthrin and acetamiprid with resistance indices of 75.7and 102.4times,respectively,were evident.Hence,continual application of bifenthrin and acetamipridin with large doses would further increase the leafhopper's resistance to the insecticides.It was,therefore,recommended alternating the use of different pesticides to curtail rapid development of insecticideresistance of the insects.
Resistance of tea leafhoppers to bifenthrin was monitored consecutively from 2013 to 2015.Variations on the resistances of the insects to bifenthrin and acetamiprid at 4different sites in Fujian were determined using a tea tip-dipping method in 2014.The results indicated that the population at the tea gardens in Huanxi was 2.7times higher in its resistance to bifenthrin in 2014 and 8.6times higher in 2015 than in 2013.The resistance of leafhoppers to bifenthrin and acetamiprid differed significantly at different sites.The Huanxi population showed a low-resistance to bifenthrin and acetamiprid with a resistance index of 8.2times;at Jingu,a mid-resistance to bibenthrin and a low-resistance to acetamiprid were observed;at Huotong,a high-resistance to bifenthrin and a lowresistance to acetamiprid were found;and,at Dongfeng,high-resistances to both bifenthrin and acetamiprid with resistance indices of 75.7and 102.4times,respectively,were evident.Hence,continual application of bifenthrin and acetamipridin with large doses would further increase the leafhopper's resistance to the insecticides.It was,therefore,recommended alternating the use of different pesticides to curtail rapid development of insecticideresistance of the insects.
2015, 30(10): 993-996.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.014
Abstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of several pesticides used at tea gardens for controlling the tea green leafhoppers(TGLs)on mymarids,a TGL-egg-parasitoid.Sweeping nets and microscopic examination were used to determine the count and parasitism of mymarid population at the sites.It was found that 15% tolfenpyrad EC,15% indoxacarb EC and 2.5% bifenthrin EC significantly reduced the mymarid count as compared to CK(spread with water)after a 3-daypesticide treatments.The parasitism rates of mymarid on the 14 thand the 21 st day after treatments with the pesticides were also significantly lower than CK.The pesticides,15%tolfenpyrad EC and15%indoxacarbEC,were effective and fast in controlling TGLs.All 3 pesticides showed a greater effect on mymarids than the biopesticide,veratridine.It appeared that application of these pesticides negatively affected the population as well as the parasitism rate of mymarid.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of several pesticides used at tea gardens for controlling the tea green leafhoppers(TGLs)on mymarids,a TGL-egg-parasitoid.Sweeping nets and microscopic examination were used to determine the count and parasitism of mymarid population at the sites.It was found that 15% tolfenpyrad EC,15% indoxacarb EC and 2.5% bifenthrin EC significantly reduced the mymarid count as compared to CK(spread with water)after a 3-daypesticide treatments.The parasitism rates of mymarid on the 14 thand the 21 st day after treatments with the pesticides were also significantly lower than CK.The pesticides,15%tolfenpyrad EC and15%indoxacarbEC,were effective and fast in controlling TGLs.All 3 pesticides showed a greater effect on mymarids than the biopesticide,veratridine.It appeared that application of these pesticides negatively affected the population as well as the parasitism rate of mymarid.
2015, 30(10): 997-1000.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.015
Abstract:
At the banana planting stationin Zhangzhou,characteristic damages caused by the pest insect,Thrips hamaiiensis,as well as the insect's eating preference on the buds and fruit lets of 3varieties of Musa nana were studied.The results showed that the first and second instar nymphs and adults of T.hamaiiensis made the most damages to the banana plants.They rasping-sucked or oviposited on the ovary,sex flower,outer bract of the bud,and the fresh-tender part of the fruitlet on a plant.The insect populations found on 3equally divided vertical parts of the outer bract of the bud differed and ranked as the upper part>middle part>lower part.The populations on 4layers of the outer bracts ranked as the second layer>first layer>third layer>fourth layer.The numbers of damage spots on the ovaries of 3sex flowers were greater on the female flowers than the neutral or male flowers.The eating preferences of the insects on the buds and fruitlets were M.AAA Group Red green>M.AAB Group Fenjiao>M.AAA Group Giant Cavendish Williams.
At the banana planting stationin Zhangzhou,characteristic damages caused by the pest insect,Thrips hamaiiensis,as well as the insect's eating preference on the buds and fruit lets of 3varieties of Musa nana were studied.The results showed that the first and second instar nymphs and adults of T.hamaiiensis made the most damages to the banana plants.They rasping-sucked or oviposited on the ovary,sex flower,outer bract of the bud,and the fresh-tender part of the fruitlet on a plant.The insect populations found on 3equally divided vertical parts of the outer bract of the bud differed and ranked as the upper part>middle part>lower part.The populations on 4layers of the outer bracts ranked as the second layer>first layer>third layer>fourth layer.The numbers of damage spots on the ovaries of 3sex flowers were greater on the female flowers than the neutral or male flowers.The eating preferences of the insects on the buds and fruitlets were M.AAA Group Red green>M.AAB Group Fenjiao>M.AAA Group Giant Cavendish Williams.
2015, 30(10): 1001-1006.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.016
Abstract:
Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis with papain in the preparation of chondroitin sulfate from squid cartilage was studied using single factor tests.Subsequently,optimization for the process was carried out with an orthogonal combination design experiment.It was concluded that adding 2% addition of papain to the substrats pH6.5and 60℃for 5hcould yield 4.97% protein and 70.11% chondroitin sulfatefrom the squid cartilage.
Factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis with papain in the preparation of chondroitin sulfate from squid cartilage was studied using single factor tests.Subsequently,optimization for the process was carried out with an orthogonal combination design experiment.It was concluded that adding 2% addition of papain to the substrats pH6.5and 60℃for 5hcould yield 4.97% protein and 70.11% chondroitin sulfatefrom the squid cartilage.
2015, 30(10): 1007-1012.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.017
Abstract:
To select and optimize the flavonoid extraction technology on Salvia scapiformis Hance harvested from Mt.Leigong in Guizhou,various factor levels on an orthogonal experimentwere tested using reflux,ultrasound,and microwave in the process.The results showed that the microwave extraction method was the best among all,with a9.28% yield on total flavonoids.The optimal conditions for the processincluded a 2-minute application of microwave power at 400 W with asolid:liquid ratio of 1∶40and the use of 50%ethanol.And,the extraction procedureswere repeated to maximize the substance recovery.
To select and optimize the flavonoid extraction technology on Salvia scapiformis Hance harvested from Mt.Leigong in Guizhou,various factor levels on an orthogonal experimentwere tested using reflux,ultrasound,and microwave in the process.The results showed that the microwave extraction method was the best among all,with a9.28% yield on total flavonoids.The optimal conditions for the processincluded a 2-minute application of microwave power at 400 W with asolid:liquid ratio of 1∶40and the use of 50%ethanol.And,the extraction procedureswere repeated to maximize the substance recovery.
2015, 30(10): 1013-1018.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.018
Abstract:
Environmental regulation has directly effects on the cost and quality of agricultural production,and then on the agricultural growth.With environmental regulation theoretical analysis,the relationship between agricultural growth and environmental regulation was tested by simultaneous equations model based on provincial panel data of China from 1990 to 2003.The results showed that effects of environmental regulation on agricultural growth changed from "positive" to " negative",and there were still barriers existed in the promoting mechanism of environmental regulation to agricultural growth.Finally,policy suggestions for improving environmental regulation and promoting agricultural growth were proposed from aspects of agricultural industry understanding,agricultural developing policy,agricultural environmental management and ecological agriculture subsidies.
Environmental regulation has directly effects on the cost and quality of agricultural production,and then on the agricultural growth.With environmental regulation theoretical analysis,the relationship between agricultural growth and environmental regulation was tested by simultaneous equations model based on provincial panel data of China from 1990 to 2003.The results showed that effects of environmental regulation on agricultural growth changed from "positive" to " negative",and there were still barriers existed in the promoting mechanism of environmental regulation to agricultural growth.Finally,policy suggestions for improving environmental regulation and promoting agricultural growth were proposed from aspects of agricultural industry understanding,agricultural developing policy,agricultural environmental management and ecological agriculture subsidies.
2015, 30(10): 1019-1026.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.10.019
Abstract:
Tomato is a major food crop worldwide.Increasingsoil salinity has become one of the common abiotic stresses affecting the vegetative growth and fruit yield of tomato plants.This article articulates the mechanisms of salt tolerance of tomato as viewed from the plant,cellular,and molecular levels.Furthermore,effective alleviation of the salt stress by chemical,genetic engineering,and microbial manipulations for the tomato plants is discussed.The conventional approaches,such as theintegrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers,resistance exercise as well as grafting and microbial inoculation,have played a vital role in the improvement of the conditions in the past.Recently,the genetically modified tomato crops viathe agrobacterium-mediated transformation or pollen tube also produced high levels of tolerance to salt for the plants.By integrating and optimizing the conventional and modern technologies,the effort in combating,the salinity increase could be further advanced.
Tomato is a major food crop worldwide.Increasingsoil salinity has become one of the common abiotic stresses affecting the vegetative growth and fruit yield of tomato plants.This article articulates the mechanisms of salt tolerance of tomato as viewed from the plant,cellular,and molecular levels.Furthermore,effective alleviation of the salt stress by chemical,genetic engineering,and microbial manipulations for the tomato plants is discussed.The conventional approaches,such as theintegrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers,resistance exercise as well as grafting and microbial inoculation,have played a vital role in the improvement of the conditions in the past.Recently,the genetically modified tomato crops viathe agrobacterium-mediated transformation or pollen tube also produced high levels of tolerance to salt for the plants.By integrating and optimizing the conventional and modern technologies,the effort in combating,the salinity increase could be further advanced.
