2014 Vol. 29, No. 12
Display Method:
2014, 29(12): 1159-1163.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.001
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low protein amino acid balanced diets on growth performance, serum parameters and apparent protein digestibility of finishing pigs in high ambient temperature.Ninety Landrace x Large White x Duroc pigs with average initial body weight about (65.90±3.37) kg were randomly allocated into 3groups with 3replicates in each group and 10 pigs in each replicate.Pigs in three groups were fed with diets differently in protein level for 16.02% (trial group 1as control) , 14.08% (trial group2) and 12.05 (trial group 3) respectively.The experiment lasted for 40 days.The results showed that, at average temperature between 29.53℃to 31.16℃, average daily gain (ADG) in group 2and 3was increased respectively by2.49% and 1.81% (P>0.05) comparing to control group.There were no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05) in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and F/G (feed/gain) , in the concentration of serum cortisol (F) and endocrine hormone T3, T4.Comparing to control group, the concentration of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) in group 2and 3was decreased respectively by 10.45% and 19.13% (P<0.05) while no significant differences were found in the apparent digestibility of crude protein among the groups (P>0.05) .The N excretion in group 2and group 3 was decreased by 10.48% and 25.64%, respectively, comparing with it in group 1 (P <0.05) .In conclusion, Low-protein diet did not alleviate the effects of high temperature stressing on growth performance, serum parameters and apparent protein digestibility of finishing pigs.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low protein amino acid balanced diets on growth performance, serum parameters and apparent protein digestibility of finishing pigs in high ambient temperature.Ninety Landrace x Large White x Duroc pigs with average initial body weight about (65.90±3.37) kg were randomly allocated into 3groups with 3replicates in each group and 10 pigs in each replicate.Pigs in three groups were fed with diets differently in protein level for 16.02% (trial group 1as control) , 14.08% (trial group2) and 12.05 (trial group 3) respectively.The experiment lasted for 40 days.The results showed that, at average temperature between 29.53℃to 31.16℃, average daily gain (ADG) in group 2and 3was increased respectively by2.49% and 1.81% (P>0.05) comparing to control group.There were no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05) in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and F/G (feed/gain) , in the concentration of serum cortisol (F) and endocrine hormone T3, T4.Comparing to control group, the concentration of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) in group 2and 3was decreased respectively by 10.45% and 19.13% (P<0.05) while no significant differences were found in the apparent digestibility of crude protein among the groups (P>0.05) .The N excretion in group 2and group 3 was decreased by 10.48% and 25.64%, respectively, comparing with it in group 1 (P <0.05) .In conclusion, Low-protein diet did not alleviate the effects of high temperature stressing on growth performance, serum parameters and apparent protein digestibility of finishing pigs.
2014, 29(12): 1164-1166.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.002
Abstract:
The comparison tests of virulence of 12 Riemerella anatipestifer strains (serotype 1and 2, 6strains for each) were carried out.The virulence of different strains were different.6more virulent strains (3strains for each) were selected to prepare inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines.6days old ducklings were vaccinated for 14 days and then challenged with the same serotype strains.The immune protective rates of the vaccine prepared by strains RAf63 and RAf34were the highest.The strains RAf63 and RAf34were proved suitable for vaccine strains.
The comparison tests of virulence of 12 Riemerella anatipestifer strains (serotype 1and 2, 6strains for each) were carried out.The virulence of different strains were different.6more virulent strains (3strains for each) were selected to prepare inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines.6days old ducklings were vaccinated for 14 days and then challenged with the same serotype strains.The immune protective rates of the vaccine prepared by strains RAf63 and RAf34were the highest.The strains RAf63 and RAf34were proved suitable for vaccine strains.
2014, 29(12): 1167-1173.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.003
Abstract:
Effect of starvation on the feeding, growth and development of Pomoxis nigromacufatus larvae were investigated at 19.5-22.8℃ using an experimental ecological method.The tolerance to starvation and the point of no return (PNR) of P.nigromacufatus larvae were determined.The results showed that (a) the initial feeding of the larvae started at 6days of age, the yolk sac disappeared at 8-day-old, the mixed dieting period was about 2days, and the larvae were vulnerable to starvation stress; (b) the highest initial feeding rate of the larvae occurred when they were 9-day-old, the PNR was determined to be 11 to 12days after hatching, their feeding last for merely 4to5 days, and they died one day after PNR;and (c) as compared with their counterparts under normal feeding, the starved larvae were slow to utilize yolk sac and fat globules, their growth became stagnant or regressive as the starvation continued, and they began to show pectoral angles at PNR with a series of apparent, hunger-induced morphological and behavioral characteristics.
Effect of starvation on the feeding, growth and development of Pomoxis nigromacufatus larvae were investigated at 19.5-22.8℃ using an experimental ecological method.The tolerance to starvation and the point of no return (PNR) of P.nigromacufatus larvae were determined.The results showed that (a) the initial feeding of the larvae started at 6days of age, the yolk sac disappeared at 8-day-old, the mixed dieting period was about 2days, and the larvae were vulnerable to starvation stress; (b) the highest initial feeding rate of the larvae occurred when they were 9-day-old, the PNR was determined to be 11 to 12days after hatching, their feeding last for merely 4to5 days, and they died one day after PNR;and (c) as compared with their counterparts under normal feeding, the starved larvae were slow to utilize yolk sac and fat globules, their growth became stagnant or regressive as the starvation continued, and they began to show pectoral angles at PNR with a series of apparent, hunger-induced morphological and behavioral characteristics.
2014, 29(12): 1174-1179.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.004
Abstract:
Five sterile and 5restoring lines of Indicarice were selected to study their combining abilities and heritabilities on 25 quality traits using an incomplete diallele cross design.The results showed that (a) the combining abilities of all selected traits differed significantly, and the ratio of genotypic variance to the entire genotypic variance of the general combining ability was significantly higher than that of the specific combining ability; (b) the grain length, percentage of chalky grain, chalkiness degree, alkali spreading value and gel consistency were affected mainly by the sterile line, while the brown rice percentage, milled rice rate, head rice yield and amylase by the restorer line; (c) the narrow heritability of the traits were in the order of:percentage of chalky grain, chalkiness degree, grain length, milled rice rate, amylase, alkali spreading value, head rice yield, brown rice percentage and gel consistency;and, (d) EF14 A and Fuhui 77 could potentially be used as parents for breeding hybrid rice.
Five sterile and 5restoring lines of Indicarice were selected to study their combining abilities and heritabilities on 25 quality traits using an incomplete diallele cross design.The results showed that (a) the combining abilities of all selected traits differed significantly, and the ratio of genotypic variance to the entire genotypic variance of the general combining ability was significantly higher than that of the specific combining ability; (b) the grain length, percentage of chalky grain, chalkiness degree, alkali spreading value and gel consistency were affected mainly by the sterile line, while the brown rice percentage, milled rice rate, head rice yield and amylase by the restorer line; (c) the narrow heritability of the traits were in the order of:percentage of chalky grain, chalkiness degree, grain length, milled rice rate, amylase, alkali spreading value, head rice yield, brown rice percentage and gel consistency;and, (d) EF14 A and Fuhui 77 could potentially be used as parents for breeding hybrid rice.
2014, 29(12): 1180-1185.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.005
Abstract:
Four factors and 5levels of a secondary general rotation design was applied to carry out an optimization experimentation for the maize cultivation.The relationships among the cultivation, crop yield, planting density and NPK fertilization were obtained for Nongda 108 with a mathematic model.The four agronomic factors that affected the grain yield were:potash > nitrogenous fertilizer > phosphate > planting density.The optimized agronomic conditions included a planting density of 59 000-62 500strains·hm-2, and the fertilizations of urea at 341.33-374.10kg·hm-2, calcium superphosphate at 460.58-554.85kg·hm-2, and potassium sulfate at 234.23-279.23kg·hm-2, which resulted in a grain yield of more than 7 000kg·hm-2.
Four factors and 5levels of a secondary general rotation design was applied to carry out an optimization experimentation for the maize cultivation.The relationships among the cultivation, crop yield, planting density and NPK fertilization were obtained for Nongda 108 with a mathematic model.The four agronomic factors that affected the grain yield were:potash > nitrogenous fertilizer > phosphate > planting density.The optimized agronomic conditions included a planting density of 59 000-62 500strains·hm-2, and the fertilizations of urea at 341.33-374.10kg·hm-2, calcium superphosphate at 460.58-554.85kg·hm-2, and potassium sulfate at 234.23-279.23kg·hm-2, which resulted in a grain yield of more than 7 000kg·hm-2.
2014, 29(12): 1186-1191.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.006
Abstract:
Effect of varied NPK ratios on the biomass accumulation, nutrient absorption/distribution and quality of sweet potatoes were studied in a field experimentation.During the stage when the tubers and vines were allowed to grow simultaneously, fertilization with complete nutrients (N, P and K) on the sweet potato plants increased the biomasses of the tubers, shoots and leaves, as well as the nutrient contents in the tubers.Shortage on N, P and K was found to be most critical, followed by a lack of N, on the biomass accumulation.N deficiency in the soil affected the N absorption and increased the K assimilations in the tubers, but had no significant effect on the P assimilations of different organs.P deficiency significantly decreased the contents of N and K in the tubers.A deficiency in K raised the N absorption of the tuber, but did not significantly affect the P assimilations of different organs.When NPK were in a short supply, the nutrient content of the tuber was negatively affected.And, the starch content in the tubers was also lower than other deficiency conditions, while N deficiency produced the second lowest starch content in the tubers.However, the difference between N deficient sweet potatoes and P or K deficient counterparts was not significant.The results suggested that, except when N, P and K were all depleted, a shortage on N would affect most on the normal growth and nutrient contents of the sweet potatoes, if the tubers and vines were growing on the plant at the same time.
Effect of varied NPK ratios on the biomass accumulation, nutrient absorption/distribution and quality of sweet potatoes were studied in a field experimentation.During the stage when the tubers and vines were allowed to grow simultaneously, fertilization with complete nutrients (N, P and K) on the sweet potato plants increased the biomasses of the tubers, shoots and leaves, as well as the nutrient contents in the tubers.Shortage on N, P and K was found to be most critical, followed by a lack of N, on the biomass accumulation.N deficiency in the soil affected the N absorption and increased the K assimilations in the tubers, but had no significant effect on the P assimilations of different organs.P deficiency significantly decreased the contents of N and K in the tubers.A deficiency in K raised the N absorption of the tuber, but did not significantly affect the P assimilations of different organs.When NPK were in a short supply, the nutrient content of the tuber was negatively affected.And, the starch content in the tubers was also lower than other deficiency conditions, while N deficiency produced the second lowest starch content in the tubers.However, the difference between N deficient sweet potatoes and P or K deficient counterparts was not significant.The results suggested that, except when N, P and K were all depleted, a shortage on N would affect most on the normal growth and nutrient contents of the sweet potatoes, if the tubers and vines were growing on the plant at the same time.
2014, 29(12): 1192-1197.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.007
Abstract:
There was a demand for disease resistant sweet potatoes for different ecological areas in Fujian.As a result, Fushu 90 was bred by crossing Lanputao and Nanshu 88, which has passed the provincial registrations in2014.The new variety had a growth period of approximately 135-150 days, aplant type suitable for the area, and the heart-shaped green leaves tinted with purple stripes and saw-like edge, the purple stems, and the spindle-shaped tubers with red skin and yellowish flesh that were appealing to the consumers.On average, each individual plant bore 2to 5tubers with a production rate of 41 004.45kg·hm-2, or 10 694.1kg dry matters·hm-2 (i.e., 25.99% dry matters in tuber) and 6 695.85 kg starch·hm-2 (i.e., 16.25%starch content in tuber) .In sensory evaluation, Fushu 90 scored 80.9on taste, and 82.0on appearance.The sweet potatoes had a desirable storage property and high budding rate.It also exhibited a high resistance to fusarium wilt.Thus, Fushu 90 was recommended for promotion in Fujian.
There was a demand for disease resistant sweet potatoes for different ecological areas in Fujian.As a result, Fushu 90 was bred by crossing Lanputao and Nanshu 88, which has passed the provincial registrations in2014.The new variety had a growth period of approximately 135-150 days, aplant type suitable for the area, and the heart-shaped green leaves tinted with purple stripes and saw-like edge, the purple stems, and the spindle-shaped tubers with red skin and yellowish flesh that were appealing to the consumers.On average, each individual plant bore 2to 5tubers with a production rate of 41 004.45kg·hm-2, or 10 694.1kg dry matters·hm-2 (i.e., 25.99% dry matters in tuber) and 6 695.85 kg starch·hm-2 (i.e., 16.25%starch content in tuber) .In sensory evaluation, Fushu 90 scored 80.9on taste, and 82.0on appearance.The sweet potatoes had a desirable storage property and high budding rate.It also exhibited a high resistance to fusarium wilt.Thus, Fushu 90 was recommended for promotion in Fujian.
2014, 29(12): 1198-1201.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.008
Abstract:
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was applied for the determination of the genetic diversity, as well as the establishment of the DNA fingerprints, for 17 selected blueberry cultivars.Ten out of 60 ISSR primers were chosen for the study.Cluster analysis revealed that the genetic similarity coefficients of the 17 samples ranged from 0.66 to 0.86.Using the coefficient threshold of 0.69, 4classifications were formed for the blueberries.They could be positively distinguished by 2ISSR primers (i.e., UBC825 and UBC862) , and used to obtain the digital DNA fingerprints.
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was applied for the determination of the genetic diversity, as well as the establishment of the DNA fingerprints, for 17 selected blueberry cultivars.Ten out of 60 ISSR primers were chosen for the study.Cluster analysis revealed that the genetic similarity coefficients of the 17 samples ranged from 0.66 to 0.86.Using the coefficient threshold of 0.69, 4classifications were formed for the blueberries.They could be positively distinguished by 2ISSR primers (i.e., UBC825 and UBC862) , and used to obtain the digital DNA fingerprints.
2014, 29(12): 1202-1206.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.009
Abstract:
Four different kinds of paper pouches (i.e., white single-layer, yellow single-layer, yellow-outside-whiteinside double-layer, and yellow-outside-black-inside double-layer) were used to study their effects on the fruit appearance and quality of late-ripening peach, Dajiubao, in a bagging cultivation.The latitudinal and longitudinal diameters, weight, firmness, surface coloration, and contents of soluble solids, soluble sugars, titratable acids and vitamin C of the bagged and bare (control) fruits were determined.The results showed that, with the bagging, the disease and pest infection rates and fruit rust index were significantly reduced, while color saturation and flesh firmness increased.Damages due to diseases and pests were lower on fruits bagged with double-layer pouches than either single-layer or control.The average single fruit weight was significantly higher than the others when the yellow single-layer pouches were used.The blue-yellow chromatic aberration and color saturation of the peaches bagged with the double-layer pouches were higher than other treatments.The red-green chromatic aberration and chromatic aberration ratio on the fruits bagged with the single-layer pouches were higher than other treatments and control.On the other hand, the differences on the soluble solids and titratable acids contents were not significant between the treatments or control.However, the soluble sugars and vitamin C contents of the bagged peaches were lower than control.Therefore, the bagging appeared to improve the apparent quality of the fruits rendering a desirable consumer perception and commercial value of the commodity.For the purpose, the yellow single-layer pouches seemed particularly applicable for the late-ripening peaches in Fujian.
Four different kinds of paper pouches (i.e., white single-layer, yellow single-layer, yellow-outside-whiteinside double-layer, and yellow-outside-black-inside double-layer) were used to study their effects on the fruit appearance and quality of late-ripening peach, Dajiubao, in a bagging cultivation.The latitudinal and longitudinal diameters, weight, firmness, surface coloration, and contents of soluble solids, soluble sugars, titratable acids and vitamin C of the bagged and bare (control) fruits were determined.The results showed that, with the bagging, the disease and pest infection rates and fruit rust index were significantly reduced, while color saturation and flesh firmness increased.Damages due to diseases and pests were lower on fruits bagged with double-layer pouches than either single-layer or control.The average single fruit weight was significantly higher than the others when the yellow single-layer pouches were used.The blue-yellow chromatic aberration and color saturation of the peaches bagged with the double-layer pouches were higher than other treatments.The red-green chromatic aberration and chromatic aberration ratio on the fruits bagged with the single-layer pouches were higher than other treatments and control.On the other hand, the differences on the soluble solids and titratable acids contents were not significant between the treatments or control.However, the soluble sugars and vitamin C contents of the bagged peaches were lower than control.Therefore, the bagging appeared to improve the apparent quality of the fruits rendering a desirable consumer perception and commercial value of the commodity.For the purpose, the yellow single-layer pouches seemed particularly applicable for the late-ripening peaches in Fujian.
2014, 29(12): 1207-1210.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.010
Abstract:
The nutritional values of the proteins in the tender leaves and stems of 4varieties of Lycium chinensis were evaluated utilizing the fuzzy pattern recognition and amino acids coefficient ratio, and their microelements and vitamin C contents were measured.The protein contents in the samples were 5.3to 6.9% (fresh weight) .Of the total amino acids, approximately 42% were essential.The protein fuzzy neartude (0.837 2-0.856 9) and amino acid ratios coefficient (65.63-68.67) were only lower than those of celery.The limiting amino acids were the sulfur-containing ones.The contents of minerals (except Se) and vitamin C in the plants either equaled to or higher than other vegetables.
The nutritional values of the proteins in the tender leaves and stems of 4varieties of Lycium chinensis were evaluated utilizing the fuzzy pattern recognition and amino acids coefficient ratio, and their microelements and vitamin C contents were measured.The protein contents in the samples were 5.3to 6.9% (fresh weight) .Of the total amino acids, approximately 42% were essential.The protein fuzzy neartude (0.837 2-0.856 9) and amino acid ratios coefficient (65.63-68.67) were only lower than those of celery.The limiting amino acids were the sulfur-containing ones.The contents of minerals (except Se) and vitamin C in the plants either equaled to or higher than other vegetables.
2014, 29(12): 1211-1218.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.011
Abstract:
The amino acid sequences of caffeine synthase from Camellia sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Camellia japonica and other plants which were registered in GenBank, were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatic tools in subsequent aspects, including the isoelectric point, subcellular localization, signal peptide, transmembrane topologieal structure, conserved functional domain, motif, secondary structure and tertiary structure of protein.Resultsshowed that the caffeine synthase of plants which were located in cytoplasm and nuclei, and had phosphorylation, acylation, glycosylation sites could be divided into three different types based on gene sequences and conservative domains.Two of them, type I and type II protein, wereα-type soluble proteinases, and the secondary structure of type III proteinase was rich in random coil and has potential signal peptide, but they all did not have transmembrane helical structure.The result of tertiary structure prediction indicated that type I protein and type II protein were similar, they were all composed ofα-helix and horizontalβ-folded layers, but in the type III protein theα-helixes locateed in the lateral ends and were connected by verticalβ-folded layers.
The amino acid sequences of caffeine synthase from Camellia sinensis, Theobroma cacao, Camellia japonica and other plants which were registered in GenBank, were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatic tools in subsequent aspects, including the isoelectric point, subcellular localization, signal peptide, transmembrane topologieal structure, conserved functional domain, motif, secondary structure and tertiary structure of protein.Resultsshowed that the caffeine synthase of plants which were located in cytoplasm and nuclei, and had phosphorylation, acylation, glycosylation sites could be divided into three different types based on gene sequences and conservative domains.Two of them, type I and type II protein, wereα-type soluble proteinases, and the secondary structure of type III proteinase was rich in random coil and has potential signal peptide, but they all did not have transmembrane helical structure.The result of tertiary structure prediction indicated that type I protein and type II protein were similar, they were all composed ofα-helix and horizontalβ-folded layers, but in the type III protein theα-helixes locateed in the lateral ends and were connected by verticalβ-folded layers.
2014, 29(12): 1219-1224.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.012
Abstract:
The morphological and biological characteristics, biochemical composition, Oolong Tea quality, genetic similarity of 10 tea hybridized germplasms were character.Our results showed that:1The tree model are shrub or small tree, and the tree pose are erect or semi opened;the bud germinated moderately or densely, a bud and two leaves growth begins in the middle to late March, and there are 3color types on bud and leaves:yellow green, purple green, purple, and less hair on leaves;All tested germplasms are middle leaves, and there are 3leaves types:oval, elliptical, long elliptic;Leaves matter is soft.2There have no significant differences in the length of a bud and three leaves, the 100 buds weight of a bud and three leaves, the flower diameter, the flower number, the fruit size and the seed size.3There have no significant differences in moisture content, water extracts, amino acids, caffeine, tea polyphenols, phenol ammonia ratio.4 FT104, FT516, FT528 could be priority used as breeding materials as their excellent Oolong Tea quality.5The tested germplasms could be divided into 4types in genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53, the first class included FT102 and FT516, the second class is FT1031, the third class is FT1032, the fourth class included the other 7germplasms.
The morphological and biological characteristics, biochemical composition, Oolong Tea quality, genetic similarity of 10 tea hybridized germplasms were character.Our results showed that:1The tree model are shrub or small tree, and the tree pose are erect or semi opened;the bud germinated moderately or densely, a bud and two leaves growth begins in the middle to late March, and there are 3color types on bud and leaves:yellow green, purple green, purple, and less hair on leaves;All tested germplasms are middle leaves, and there are 3leaves types:oval, elliptical, long elliptic;Leaves matter is soft.2There have no significant differences in the length of a bud and three leaves, the 100 buds weight of a bud and three leaves, the flower diameter, the flower number, the fruit size and the seed size.3There have no significant differences in moisture content, water extracts, amino acids, caffeine, tea polyphenols, phenol ammonia ratio.4 FT104, FT516, FT528 could be priority used as breeding materials as their excellent Oolong Tea quality.5The tested germplasms could be divided into 4types in genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53, the first class included FT102 and FT516, the second class is FT1031, the third class is FT1032, the fourth class included the other 7germplasms.
2014, 29(12): 1225-1229.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.013
Abstract:
The new tea cultivar ‘Yucui' (Camellia sinensis) was cultivated and the adaptabilities (e.g.survival rate, the botanical characteristics, yields of fresh leaf, sensory and biochemical quality evaluation of made tea, the enviromental resistance) of which were investigated in Guangdong, Hubei, Guizhou province.The results showed that the germination period were delayed, and the survival rate and yield of fresh leaf in Yingde and Wuhan are higher, but it decreased in Meitan compared with CK.It is interesting that the changes of thickness of shoot is reversed with the changes of survival rate.Furthermore, the drought and cold resistance were increased, but the quality of green tea made from ‘Yucui'in Yingde city was the same as CK and the quality of green tea in Wuhan and Meitan were decreased.Our results suggested that ‘Yucui'cultivar was suitable for cultivating in Guangdong, Hubei, and Guizhou province.
The new tea cultivar ‘Yucui' (Camellia sinensis) was cultivated and the adaptabilities (e.g.survival rate, the botanical characteristics, yields of fresh leaf, sensory and biochemical quality evaluation of made tea, the enviromental resistance) of which were investigated in Guangdong, Hubei, Guizhou province.The results showed that the germination period were delayed, and the survival rate and yield of fresh leaf in Yingde and Wuhan are higher, but it decreased in Meitan compared with CK.It is interesting that the changes of thickness of shoot is reversed with the changes of survival rate.Furthermore, the drought and cold resistance were increased, but the quality of green tea made from ‘Yucui'in Yingde city was the same as CK and the quality of green tea in Wuhan and Meitan were decreased.Our results suggested that ‘Yucui'cultivar was suitable for cultivating in Guangdong, Hubei, and Guizhou province.
2014, 29(12): 1230-1235.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.014
Abstract:
Using Honghuadajinyuan (Nicotina tobaccum L.cv.) , an experimentation by adding a microbial agent to the soil for 5consecutive years to determine the rhizospheric and economic effects on the tobaccos was conducted.The results showed that the treatment benefited the plant growth in general.It increased the yield, value and proportion of high quality tobacco.To some extent, the agent also alleviated the problems normally associated with the consecutive monoculture.The possible mechanism was, therefore, studied.The agar plate counts on the rhizospheric bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were compared with the control to be higher by 128.57%, 191.43%, and 107.61%, respectively.BIOLOG analysis indicated that the average well color development (AWCD) of carbohydrates, phenolic acid, amino acids, amines and carboxylic acid were higher with the treatment than CK.Furthermore, the diversity indices on the microbes utilizing carbon sources, such as Simpson (J) , Shannon index (H) , Shannon index (H) evenness index, Brillouin index and McIntosh index (Dmc) , suggested a robust microbial functional diversity existed in the rhizospheric soil of the flue-cured tobaccos with the treatment.Among the soil enzymes, the polyphenol oxidase, urease and dehydrogenase all showed significantly higher activities than those of CK by 52.4%, 482.2%, 16.3%, 203.3% and 166.3%, respectively.The activities of polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase all reached an extremely significant difference level.It was, therefore, concluded that the addition of the microbial agent could ameliorate the micro-ecological system and the rhizospheric nutrient equilibrium of the soil promote the growth, yield and quality of the tobaccos.
Using Honghuadajinyuan (Nicotina tobaccum L.cv.) , an experimentation by adding a microbial agent to the soil for 5consecutive years to determine the rhizospheric and economic effects on the tobaccos was conducted.The results showed that the treatment benefited the plant growth in general.It increased the yield, value and proportion of high quality tobacco.To some extent, the agent also alleviated the problems normally associated with the consecutive monoculture.The possible mechanism was, therefore, studied.The agar plate counts on the rhizospheric bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were compared with the control to be higher by 128.57%, 191.43%, and 107.61%, respectively.BIOLOG analysis indicated that the average well color development (AWCD) of carbohydrates, phenolic acid, amino acids, amines and carboxylic acid were higher with the treatment than CK.Furthermore, the diversity indices on the microbes utilizing carbon sources, such as Simpson (J) , Shannon index (H) , Shannon index (H) evenness index, Brillouin index and McIntosh index (Dmc) , suggested a robust microbial functional diversity existed in the rhizospheric soil of the flue-cured tobaccos with the treatment.Among the soil enzymes, the polyphenol oxidase, urease and dehydrogenase all showed significantly higher activities than those of CK by 52.4%, 482.2%, 16.3%, 203.3% and 166.3%, respectively.The activities of polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase all reached an extremely significant difference level.It was, therefore, concluded that the addition of the microbial agent could ameliorate the micro-ecological system and the rhizospheric nutrient equilibrium of the soil promote the growth, yield and quality of the tobaccos.
2014, 29(12): 1236-1239.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.015
Abstract:
Twenty-seven endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots, rhizome, stems and leaves of moso bamboo by means of grinding separation.A preliminary determination on the diversity of the strains was made based on their phenotypic characteristics as well as the molecular classification using partial 16 SrDNA sequences.The results showed that the isolated bacteria could be classified into 14 genera and 18 species, with Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Ochrobactrumand Staphylococcus being the most predominant.
Twenty-seven endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots, rhizome, stems and leaves of moso bamboo by means of grinding separation.A preliminary determination on the diversity of the strains was made based on their phenotypic characteristics as well as the molecular classification using partial 16 SrDNA sequences.The results showed that the isolated bacteria could be classified into 14 genera and 18 species, with Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Ochrobactrumand Staphylococcus being the most predominant.
2014, 29(12): 1240-1245.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.016
Abstract:
Long-term field experiment is an important way to study long-term ecological process with its environmental effect and control measure of cropland.Fertilization and cultivation in the agricultural production are the two most common and frequent management practices, which have a profound impact on agricultural productivity and ecological processes.Publications were collected under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments with different fertilizations and conservation tillage treatments which were availabled from the Chinese Journals Database (CNKI) and the Chinese Journals of Science and Technology Database (VIP Info) during 1979 to 2009.And informations of trial site distribution, soil types, crop systems, monitoring durations and site set-up time, management measures, research content, testing area and oriented units were extracted from the publications above to analyze the long-term experiment status and distribution characteristics, and discuss the existing problems, progresses and proposed countermeasures of long-term agro-ecosystem experiments in mainland China.
Long-term field experiment is an important way to study long-term ecological process with its environmental effect and control measure of cropland.Fertilization and cultivation in the agricultural production are the two most common and frequent management practices, which have a profound impact on agricultural productivity and ecological processes.Publications were collected under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments with different fertilizations and conservation tillage treatments which were availabled from the Chinese Journals Database (CNKI) and the Chinese Journals of Science and Technology Database (VIP Info) during 1979 to 2009.And informations of trial site distribution, soil types, crop systems, monitoring durations and site set-up time, management measures, research content, testing area and oriented units were extracted from the publications above to analyze the long-term experiment status and distribution characteristics, and discuss the existing problems, progresses and proposed countermeasures of long-term agro-ecosystem experiments in mainland China.
2014, 29(12): 1246-1250.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.017
Abstract:
Plantlets from the elite, high essential oil containing Melaleuca altennifoliatended to turn brown and die after generations of multiplication.In addition, the low rooting rate prohibited the commercialization of the tissue cultivation.Using Hyponex No.1, B5 and MS as the basis, media formulated with varied concentrations of substrates, vitamins and growth regulators were used in an attempt to improve the cultivation.The results showed that (a) 3.0g·L-1 of Hyponex No.1in combination with VH, Vc and VB2 effectively inhibited the browning and death of the plantlets; (b) a supplementation of 0.4-0.6 mg·L-1 GA in the subculture medium increased the number of effective seedlings, and encouraged a strong and uniform growth of the seedlings;and, (c) the addition of Hyponex No.1at a rate of 2.0g·L-1 in the rooting medium raised the average rooting rate for different individuals to 95%.
Plantlets from the elite, high essential oil containing Melaleuca altennifoliatended to turn brown and die after generations of multiplication.In addition, the low rooting rate prohibited the commercialization of the tissue cultivation.Using Hyponex No.1, B5 and MS as the basis, media formulated with varied concentrations of substrates, vitamins and growth regulators were used in an attempt to improve the cultivation.The results showed that (a) 3.0g·L-1 of Hyponex No.1in combination with VH, Vc and VB2 effectively inhibited the browning and death of the plantlets; (b) a supplementation of 0.4-0.6 mg·L-1 GA in the subculture medium increased the number of effective seedlings, and encouraged a strong and uniform growth of the seedlings;and, (c) the addition of Hyponex No.1at a rate of 2.0g·L-1 in the rooting medium raised the average rooting rate for different individuals to 95%.
2014, 29(12): 1251-1255.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.018
Abstract:
To evaluate the status of the technological innovation and level of R&D trends providing a reference for future scientific research and project development at agricultural research institutions, a case study based on patent information analysis was conducted at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 1985 to 2013.All patents applied by the Academy, including their application period, subject and technical field, were examined.The priorities and subject matters the Academy set forth were critiqued with recommendations for future reference.
To evaluate the status of the technological innovation and level of R&D trends providing a reference for future scientific research and project development at agricultural research institutions, a case study based on patent information analysis was conducted at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 1985 to 2013.All patents applied by the Academy, including their application period, subject and technical field, were examined.The priorities and subject matters the Academy set forth were critiqued with recommendations for future reference.
2014, 29(12): 1256-1259.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.019
Abstract:
The current status, advantages and existing problems relating to the economic development of the underforest areas in the city of Zhangzhou were studied.Derived from the information gained from the case study, strategies for the economic development of similar regions in Southern Fujian were formulated. The recommendations included planning for the development, nurturing of new agricultural businesses, and standardization for the industry.
The current status, advantages and existing problems relating to the economic development of the underforest areas in the city of Zhangzhou were studied.Derived from the information gained from the case study, strategies for the economic development of similar regions in Southern Fujian were formulated. The recommendations included planning for the development, nurturing of new agricultural businesses, and standardization for the industry.
2014, 29(12): 1260-1264.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.020
Abstract:
Tea polysaccharides have been reported in their excellent effects for decreasing blood sugar, especially in prevention for diabetes.The tea polysaccharide is defined for conjugated polysaccharides comprised of various monosaccharide, proteins, pectin and ashes.In recent years, studying for component profile of tea polysaccharides has become a favorite topic including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, glucosidic bond, conjugated method and conformation changes.Among the bioactivities, the most prominent effect of tea polysaccharides is decreasing blood sugar that is correlation to its function in antioxidant and regulating metabolic enzymes for sugar.This paper reviewed literatures for tea polysaccharides in composition, structure and effect on decreasing blood sugar for further studies.
Tea polysaccharides have been reported in their excellent effects for decreasing blood sugar, especially in prevention for diabetes.The tea polysaccharide is defined for conjugated polysaccharides comprised of various monosaccharide, proteins, pectin and ashes.In recent years, studying for component profile of tea polysaccharides has become a favorite topic including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, glucosidic bond, conjugated method and conformation changes.Among the bioactivities, the most prominent effect of tea polysaccharides is decreasing blood sugar that is correlation to its function in antioxidant and regulating metabolic enzymes for sugar.This paper reviewed literatures for tea polysaccharides in composition, structure and effect on decreasing blood sugar for further studies.
2014, 29(12): 1265-1270.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.021
Abstract:
Tea aphids, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer, is one of the major pests in the tea plantations in China.This paper summarizes the recent advances on the studies of the biological characteristics, ecology and integrated pest control of the pest.The morphological characteristics, occurrence regularity, host selectivity, and agricultural, biological and chemical control measures of the tea aphids are included.Future research emphases in the field are discussed.
Tea aphids, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer, is one of the major pests in the tea plantations in China.This paper summarizes the recent advances on the studies of the biological characteristics, ecology and integrated pest control of the pest.The morphological characteristics, occurrence regularity, host selectivity, and agricultural, biological and chemical control measures of the tea aphids are included.Future research emphases in the field are discussed.
2014, 29(12): 1271-1276.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.022
Abstract:
Research on the plant′s constitutive and induced resistance to eriophyoid mites was reviewed.The constitutive resistance has been more thoroughly studied and is summarized from the aspects of the genetics, organizational structure and morphology, and metabolic products of the plants.The induced resistance is also discussed with respect of the eriophyoid mite feeding, chemical induction, and mechanical damage.However, the induced resistance is still largely unknown.Therefore, the field remains to be further explored scientifically.
Research on the plant′s constitutive and induced resistance to eriophyoid mites was reviewed.The constitutive resistance has been more thoroughly studied and is summarized from the aspects of the genetics, organizational structure and morphology, and metabolic products of the plants.The induced resistance is also discussed with respect of the eriophyoid mite feeding, chemical induction, and mechanical damage.However, the induced resistance is still largely unknown.Therefore, the field remains to be further explored scientifically.
2014, 29(12): 1277-1280.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.023
Abstract:
Fresh leaves from the new variety of tea, Tanyang Caicha, were processed into the black tea, Panyong Congou “Daxueshi”.The sensory quality and aromatic constituents of the tea were determined.The sensory score of the tea was 4.25 points higher than the Super Panyong Congou tea available on the market, with better ratings on the shape, flavor and taste.The contents of water soluble matters, polyphenols, free amino acids, catechin and caffeine of the tea sample were 46.8%, 16.8%, 4.3%, 3.1% and 3.98%, respectively.There were 43 aromatic compounds isolated from the tea.Among them, the alcohols had the highest concentration (51.91%, 13.14%, and9.91% were cis-geraniol, salicylic acid methyl ester andβ-linalool, respectively) .They rendered the characteristic sweet, flowery and fruity aroma of Panyong Congou“Daxueshi”.
Fresh leaves from the new variety of tea, Tanyang Caicha, were processed into the black tea, Panyong Congou “Daxueshi”.The sensory quality and aromatic constituents of the tea were determined.The sensory score of the tea was 4.25 points higher than the Super Panyong Congou tea available on the market, with better ratings on the shape, flavor and taste.The contents of water soluble matters, polyphenols, free amino acids, catechin and caffeine of the tea sample were 46.8%, 16.8%, 4.3%, 3.1% and 3.98%, respectively.There were 43 aromatic compounds isolated from the tea.Among them, the alcohols had the highest concentration (51.91%, 13.14%, and9.91% were cis-geraniol, salicylic acid methyl ester andβ-linalool, respectively) .They rendered the characteristic sweet, flowery and fruity aroma of Panyong Congou“Daxueshi”.
2014, 29(12): 1281-1283.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.024
Abstract:
Qiuji is a fresh-eating, late-ripening and high quality plum, which is cultivated in Japan firstly and has sailed through the Fujian provincial new variety assert examination in 2014.Our results showed that the mature stage begins in middle to late of July and the fruit is subcircular and had bloom, with the bottom color of yellow.Then, the peel was mauve when fruit full maturity, the flesh was orange yellow and tender, and stone is ellipse and clingstone.Furthermore, the weight, soluble solids content and edible rate are ranged from 119.6g to 146.0g, 12.5%to 14.9%, and 97.0%, separately.In the end, our results suggest that Qiuji is a high yield variety with strong disease resistance, good commercial character, and big market potential, and it will have fruit after planting for 3to 4years, and harvest after planting for 5to 6years.
Qiuji is a fresh-eating, late-ripening and high quality plum, which is cultivated in Japan firstly and has sailed through the Fujian provincial new variety assert examination in 2014.Our results showed that the mature stage begins in middle to late of July and the fruit is subcircular and had bloom, with the bottom color of yellow.Then, the peel was mauve when fruit full maturity, the flesh was orange yellow and tender, and stone is ellipse and clingstone.Furthermore, the weight, soluble solids content and edible rate are ranged from 119.6g to 146.0g, 12.5%to 14.9%, and 97.0%, separately.In the end, our results suggest that Qiuji is a high yield variety with strong disease resistance, good commercial character, and big market potential, and it will have fruit after planting for 3to 4years, and harvest after planting for 5to 6years.
