2013 Vol. 28, No. 4
Display Method:
2013, 28(4): 301-308.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.001
Abstract:
To analyze the non-structural protein NS gene of vaccine muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) origin Goose parvovirus (GPV) D strain,apair of primers were designed by DNAStar software based on the published sequences of MDGPV-PT strain from GenBank. We examed the homology,heredity evolution,N-glycosylation sites,phosphorylation sites,B cell epitopes,T cell epitopes and their secondary structure of NS protein with bioinformatics software.The full length NS gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vector. Sequencing demonstrated that the NS gene of MDGPV-D strain contained 1 884bps,encoding 627amino acids (GenBank number : JF926696) .The MDGPV-Dstrain NS gene was highly similar to that of MDPV (nt:97.9%98.6%,aa : 97.6% -98.2%) .It was also shown that there were 3 potential N-glycosylation sites and 27 phosphorylation sites existed in MDGPV-D strain NS protein,and 11Bcell epitopes,13CD8 + CTL epitopes and 10CD4 + Th epitopes as well.Then the prediction of secondary structure of NS protein showed that alpha helix,random coil and beta angle account for 40.67%,41.15% and 4.63% respectively.Comparison of the parental virulent strain PT with its attenuated vaccine strain D revealed two site-specific mutagenesis:one was in the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding motif at amino acid 338,and the other in a CD4 + Th epitope at amino acid 225.These studies has provided a molecular basis for investigating attenuation mechanisms of MDGPV,and benefitted for further researches on genetically engineered MDGPV vaccines.
To analyze the non-structural protein NS gene of vaccine muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) origin Goose parvovirus (GPV) D strain,apair of primers were designed by DNAStar software based on the published sequences of MDGPV-PT strain from GenBank. We examed the homology,heredity evolution,N-glycosylation sites,phosphorylation sites,B cell epitopes,T cell epitopes and their secondary structure of NS protein with bioinformatics software.The full length NS gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vector. Sequencing demonstrated that the NS gene of MDGPV-D strain contained 1 884bps,encoding 627amino acids (GenBank number : JF926696) .The MDGPV-Dstrain NS gene was highly similar to that of MDPV (nt:97.9%98.6%,aa : 97.6% -98.2%) .It was also shown that there were 3 potential N-glycosylation sites and 27 phosphorylation sites existed in MDGPV-D strain NS protein,and 11Bcell epitopes,13CD8 + CTL epitopes and 10CD4 + Th epitopes as well.Then the prediction of secondary structure of NS protein showed that alpha helix,random coil and beta angle account for 40.67%,41.15% and 4.63% respectively.Comparison of the parental virulent strain PT with its attenuated vaccine strain D revealed two site-specific mutagenesis:one was in the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding motif at amino acid 338,and the other in a CD4 + Th epitope at amino acid 225.These studies has provided a molecular basis for investigating attenuation mechanisms of MDGPV,and benefitted for further researches on genetically engineered MDGPV vaccines.
2013, 28(4): 309-314.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.002
Abstract:
2400healthy Epinephelus coioides with an average weight of 76.9g were randomly divided into six groups-commercial pellets feed 1(No.1),commercial pellets feed 2(No.2),commercial pellets feed 3(No.3),commercial powder feed 1(No.4),commercial powder feed 2(No.5)and coarse fish(No.6,as control),and fed with the experimental diets and coarse fish for 60d.Effects of different feed and coarse fish on growth,feed conversion ratio and immunity of Epinephelus coioides were examined.The results showed that the group of coarse fish had the highest growth rate,followed by soft pellet feed group,and the last is hard pellet feed group.The group of coarse fish and commercial powder feed 2(No.5)had the lowest feed conversion ratio.The soft pellet feed group had the highest protein efficiency.No.6,No.5 had significant effect on the non-specific immunity of Epinephelus coioides(P<0.05).Based on calculating weight gain,feed conversion rate and immunity,coarse fish can be completely replaced by formula feed for grouper(Epinephelus coioides)without affecting the growth performance.
2400healthy Epinephelus coioides with an average weight of 76.9g were randomly divided into six groups-commercial pellets feed 1(No.1),commercial pellets feed 2(No.2),commercial pellets feed 3(No.3),commercial powder feed 1(No.4),commercial powder feed 2(No.5)and coarse fish(No.6,as control),and fed with the experimental diets and coarse fish for 60d.Effects of different feed and coarse fish on growth,feed conversion ratio and immunity of Epinephelus coioides were examined.The results showed that the group of coarse fish had the highest growth rate,followed by soft pellet feed group,and the last is hard pellet feed group.The group of coarse fish and commercial powder feed 2(No.5)had the lowest feed conversion ratio.The soft pellet feed group had the highest protein efficiency.No.6,No.5 had significant effect on the non-specific immunity of Epinephelus coioides(P<0.05).Based on calculating weight gain,feed conversion rate and immunity,coarse fish can be completely replaced by formula feed for grouper(Epinephelus coioides)without affecting the growth performance.
2013, 28(4): 315-319.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.003
Abstract:
For high-valued development and utilization of fish scale,an important fish-processing byproduct,after optimizing preparation technology through orthogonal experiments,fish scale collagen composite hemostatic sponge which possessed three-dimensional porous honeycomb structure was obtained by means of cross-linking reaction which combined type I fish scale collagen with chitosan.Then a series of systematic comparative studies about the hemostatic and antiallergic property and biocompatibility of the composite sponge were carried out through hemostasis test on mouse femoral artery incision,single-contact test on both broken and healthy dorsal skin of guinea pig,and adsorption test on mouse liver.The results showed that the optimum preparation process of the fish scale collagen composite hemostatic sponge was as following:the ratio of collagen to chitosan was 7∶3,the preparing total concentration was 1.4%,the amount of crosslinking agent was 0.015%and the hemostatic time was(68±9)s.The sponge possessed strong security since there was no sensitization and irritation to the dorsal skin of guinea pig,and it could be assimilated by mouse liver after eight weeks.Therefore,the fish scale collagen composite hemostatic sponge possessed remarkable hemostatic effect,safety performance and biocompatibility.
For high-valued development and utilization of fish scale,an important fish-processing byproduct,after optimizing preparation technology through orthogonal experiments,fish scale collagen composite hemostatic sponge which possessed three-dimensional porous honeycomb structure was obtained by means of cross-linking reaction which combined type I fish scale collagen with chitosan.Then a series of systematic comparative studies about the hemostatic and antiallergic property and biocompatibility of the composite sponge were carried out through hemostasis test on mouse femoral artery incision,single-contact test on both broken and healthy dorsal skin of guinea pig,and adsorption test on mouse liver.The results showed that the optimum preparation process of the fish scale collagen composite hemostatic sponge was as following:the ratio of collagen to chitosan was 7∶3,the preparing total concentration was 1.4%,the amount of crosslinking agent was 0.015%and the hemostatic time was(68±9)s.The sponge possessed strong security since there was no sensitization and irritation to the dorsal skin of guinea pig,and it could be assimilated by mouse liver after eight weeks.Therefore,the fish scale collagen composite hemostatic sponge possessed remarkable hemostatic effect,safety performance and biocompatibility.
2013, 28(4): 320-323.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.004
Abstract:
SSR was used to construct the heterotic grouping of 69 maize inbred lines,including 65silage maize inbred lines and 4domestic temperate common testers that represent 4heterotic groups used dominantly in China.Using 23SSR primers,67alleles were identified among the inbred lines.The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 2.9,ranging from 2to 5.Genetic similarity coefficient of dice was calculated using the software,NTSYS 2.10e,and a dendrogram of genetic relationship was constructed using UPGM A method.The cluster analysis classified these 65silage maize inbred lines into 4distinct clusters that would better reflect the relationship among them.
SSR was used to construct the heterotic grouping of 69 maize inbred lines,including 65silage maize inbred lines and 4domestic temperate common testers that represent 4heterotic groups used dominantly in China.Using 23SSR primers,67alleles were identified among the inbred lines.The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 2.9,ranging from 2to 5.Genetic similarity coefficient of dice was calculated using the software,NTSYS 2.10e,and a dendrogram of genetic relationship was constructed using UPGM A method.The cluster analysis classified these 65silage maize inbred lines into 4distinct clusters that would better reflect the relationship among them.
2013, 28(4): 324-329.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.005
Abstract:
By the randomized block design,effects of using plastic sheets for mulching on the yield and quality of the summer sweet potatoes,Longshu 24,were studied.The results showed that the plastic sheet-mulching increased the yield significantly.The average fresh tuber yield was 55.13t.hm-2 from the two years experiment.It was higher than that of CK by 22.9%.The average yield of the sweet potato dry matters,from the two years experiment,was 15.92t.hm-2.It was higher than that of CK by 20.0%.The differences were significant.The dry matter content of the sweet potatoes was lower than that of CK by 0.7%,and the starch content was lower by 0.61%.There was no significant difference on the overall root quality during the harvest period.The reasons that the plastic sheet-mulching could promoted the sweet potato yield were believed to include:(a)the weight pre plant of the tuberous roots was increased significantly;(b)the T/R radio during early and mid growing stages was reduced,while the root development during the peak stage was enhanced with the mulching;(c)the soil′s volume weigh was decreased,porosity dicreased,permeability improved,and water content remained relatively stable which rendered the soil conditions conducive to the plant′s development;(d)the plastic sheet-mulching improved the soil ecological environment that benefited the root growth and development;and(e)the mulching encouraged the root thickening resulting in improved the plant′s nutrient and water absorption.The increased efficiency by the application of plastic sheet-mulching was found to be most significant,that is,every hectare could increase a net income of 13000 yuan.
By the randomized block design,effects of using plastic sheets for mulching on the yield and quality of the summer sweet potatoes,Longshu 24,were studied.The results showed that the plastic sheet-mulching increased the yield significantly.The average fresh tuber yield was 55.13t.hm-2 from the two years experiment.It was higher than that of CK by 22.9%.The average yield of the sweet potato dry matters,from the two years experiment,was 15.92t.hm-2.It was higher than that of CK by 20.0%.The differences were significant.The dry matter content of the sweet potatoes was lower than that of CK by 0.7%,and the starch content was lower by 0.61%.There was no significant difference on the overall root quality during the harvest period.The reasons that the plastic sheet-mulching could promoted the sweet potato yield were believed to include:(a)the weight pre plant of the tuberous roots was increased significantly;(b)the T/R radio during early and mid growing stages was reduced,while the root development during the peak stage was enhanced with the mulching;(c)the soil′s volume weigh was decreased,porosity dicreased,permeability improved,and water content remained relatively stable which rendered the soil conditions conducive to the plant′s development;(d)the plastic sheet-mulching improved the soil ecological environment that benefited the root growth and development;and(e)the mulching encouraged the root thickening resulting in improved the plant′s nutrient and water absorption.The increased efficiency by the application of plastic sheet-mulching was found to be most significant,that is,every hectare could increase a net income of 13000 yuan.
2013, 28(4): 330-334.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.006
Abstract:
To study the fruit development of pitaya under saline habitats, weights of the whole fruit, flesh and peel, as well as the moisture contents and dry material were monitored. The results showed that pitaya fruit-weight increased in a "double S" curve as the plant grew in saline habitats. The weights of the fresh and dry fruits reached their maximums upon ripening. The peel played a predominant role on the weight gain in the initial growth stage (i. e. , 6--15d after flowering), while the flesh did in the mid-to-late growth stage (i. e. , 21--35d after flowering). Moisture content in the flesh dictated the fruit's weight gain. The greatest weight gain rate of the flesh occurred during 26--30d after flowering; and that of the fruit and peel, 6--lOd after flowerinm
To study the fruit development of pitaya under saline habitats, weights of the whole fruit, flesh and peel, as well as the moisture contents and dry material were monitored. The results showed that pitaya fruit-weight increased in a "double S" curve as the plant grew in saline habitats. The weights of the fresh and dry fruits reached their maximums upon ripening. The peel played a predominant role on the weight gain in the initial growth stage (i. e. , 6--15d after flowering), while the flesh did in the mid-to-late growth stage (i. e. , 21--35d after flowering). Moisture content in the flesh dictated the fruit's weight gain. The greatest weight gain rate of the flesh occurred during 26--30d after flowering; and that of the fruit and peel, 6--lOd after flowerinm
2013, 28(4): 335-338.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.007
Abstract:
Hot water was used for extracting polysaccharide from pitaya flower.Heating temperature,the ratio of solid to liquid,and heating time were three factors used separately in single factor test to analyze the influence of various factor on extraction efficiency.Orthogonal experiment design L9(33)was applied to optimize the extraction parameters.The results showed that,with ratio solid∶liquid in 1∶35and extraction temperature at 90℃for 3h,the best extraction efficiency of polysaccharides from pitaya flower was obtained for 55.87mg.g-1.
Hot water was used for extracting polysaccharide from pitaya flower.Heating temperature,the ratio of solid to liquid,and heating time were three factors used separately in single factor test to analyze the influence of various factor on extraction efficiency.Orthogonal experiment design L9(33)was applied to optimize the extraction parameters.The results showed that,with ratio solid∶liquid in 1∶35and extraction temperature at 90℃for 3h,the best extraction efficiency of polysaccharides from pitaya flower was obtained for 55.87mg.g-1.
2013, 28(4): 339-342.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.008
Abstract:
Using seeds of Zhenyou No.6,we studied the germination characteristics,relative electric conductivity,MDA content,soluble protein and soluble sugar,as well as the antioxidant-related indexes of the seeds in response to the artificial aging at 50℃ and RH 100%.The results showed that(a)the seed′s moisture content increased considerably in the course of the aging;(b)the rate,energy,index and vigor of the seed germination decreased with aging;(c)the relative electrolyte leakage and soluble sugar content in the seeds increased,while the soluble protein decreased;(d)the seed′s MDA content increased initially and followed by a decline;and(e)upon aging,SOD,POD and CAT activities in the seeds decreased significantly.In conclusion,during aging,the relative electrolyte leakage,soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of the seeds positively correlated with the its vigor index.It was speculated that the deterioration of the rapeseeds as they aged was induced by the increased peroxidation of the membrance lipids.
Using seeds of Zhenyou No.6,we studied the germination characteristics,relative electric conductivity,MDA content,soluble protein and soluble sugar,as well as the antioxidant-related indexes of the seeds in response to the artificial aging at 50℃ and RH 100%.The results showed that(a)the seed′s moisture content increased considerably in the course of the aging;(b)the rate,energy,index and vigor of the seed germination decreased with aging;(c)the relative electrolyte leakage and soluble sugar content in the seeds increased,while the soluble protein decreased;(d)the seed′s MDA content increased initially and followed by a decline;and(e)upon aging,SOD,POD and CAT activities in the seeds decreased significantly.In conclusion,during aging,the relative electrolyte leakage,soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of the seeds positively correlated with the its vigor index.It was speculated that the deterioration of the rapeseeds as they aged was induced by the increased peroxidation of the membrance lipids.
2013, 28(4): 343-352.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.009
Abstract:
The metabolites of Ralstonia solanacearum with various pathogenic were analysed by metabonomic method based on LC/Q-TOF MS.Significant metabolic markers were used for classification pathogenic of Ralstonia solanacearum by PCA analysis,and PLS-DA prediction model were established.The result suggest that metabonomic analysis could be used for indentify virulent Ralstonia solanacearum strain and avirulent strain and Tn-5mutant strains.Furthermore,there were 12metabolites showed similar trend and had significant differences between virulent strain and avirulent strains(both wide-type and Tn-5mutant),suggesting that the 12metabolites are probably related to the pathogincity of Ralstonia solanacearum.
The metabolites of Ralstonia solanacearum with various pathogenic were analysed by metabonomic method based on LC/Q-TOF MS.Significant metabolic markers were used for classification pathogenic of Ralstonia solanacearum by PCA analysis,and PLS-DA prediction model were established.The result suggest that metabonomic analysis could be used for indentify virulent Ralstonia solanacearum strain and avirulent strain and Tn-5mutant strains.Furthermore,there were 12metabolites showed similar trend and had significant differences between virulent strain and avirulent strains(both wide-type and Tn-5mutant),suggesting that the 12metabolites are probably related to the pathogincity of Ralstonia solanacearum.
2013, 28(4): 353-356.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.010
Abstract:
Based on morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,combined with analysis of 16S rDNA sequences,the strain TL2was identified as Bacillus subtilis.The inhibitive efficacy of Bacillus subtilis TL2 to ten kinds of fungal pathogens were tested by dual culture.The result showed that Bacillus subtilis TL2 has significant inhibition to ten pathogenic fungi after 5dwith dual culture.The best average inhibitive rate of Bacillus subtilis TL2to Phytophthora capsici was 65.12%and the lowest average inhibitive rate of Bacillus subtilis TL2to Botryosphaeria dothidea was 24.14%.
Based on morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,combined with analysis of 16S rDNA sequences,the strain TL2was identified as Bacillus subtilis.The inhibitive efficacy of Bacillus subtilis TL2 to ten kinds of fungal pathogens were tested by dual culture.The result showed that Bacillus subtilis TL2 has significant inhibition to ten pathogenic fungi after 5dwith dual culture.The best average inhibitive rate of Bacillus subtilis TL2to Phytophthora capsici was 65.12%and the lowest average inhibitive rate of Bacillus subtilis TL2to Botryosphaeria dothidea was 24.14%.
2013, 28(4): 357-360.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.011
Abstract:
In this study,the suspected Pathogen of Anoectochilus roxburghii Southern blight was isolated by tissue separation and purified from samples with typical symptoms.Then the pathogen was identified by pathogenicity test,pathogen morphology and molecular biology methods.The results showed that the strain from southern blight infected Anoectochilus tissues collected from Fujian were isolated.Mycelium was white,velvet-like,close to the culture medium,radially extended to the surrounding containment and branches,colonies formed on the surface of sclerotia,sclerotia early white,then change to yellow,and finally was dark brown,spherical or irregular spherical,smooth and shiny surface.The isolated strain has pathogenicity to tested Anoectochilus.The pathogen was identified pathogenically,morphologically and molecularly.Based on these data,it can be confirmed that the pathogen was Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
In this study,the suspected Pathogen of Anoectochilus roxburghii Southern blight was isolated by tissue separation and purified from samples with typical symptoms.Then the pathogen was identified by pathogenicity test,pathogen morphology and molecular biology methods.The results showed that the strain from southern blight infected Anoectochilus tissues collected from Fujian were isolated.Mycelium was white,velvet-like,close to the culture medium,radially extended to the surrounding containment and branches,colonies formed on the surface of sclerotia,sclerotia early white,then change to yellow,and finally was dark brown,spherical or irregular spherical,smooth and shiny surface.The isolated strain has pathogenicity to tested Anoectochilus.The pathogen was identified pathogenically,morphologically and molecularly.Based on these data,it can be confirmed that the pathogen was Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
2013, 28(4): 361-365.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.012
Abstract:
To find a better method for the extraction of endophytic bacteria DNA from Asian Citrus Psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,we compared the traditional methods and FastDNA Kits.The result showed that the DNA template extracted with the method of FastDNA Kits(MP Biomedical)was more suitable for PCR amplification,and the amplification product could be well used for cloning and sequencing.In the contrast,although the other three methods were cheaper,the amount and purity of DNA extracted with them were decreased.Our results suggested that the extraction with the FastDNA kits was stable and convenient for operation and standardization but expensiveness.In summary,four methods had respective advantages and disadvantages,and FastDNA kits provided more stable DNA for PCR and sequence cloning.
To find a better method for the extraction of endophytic bacteria DNA from Asian Citrus Psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,we compared the traditional methods and FastDNA Kits.The result showed that the DNA template extracted with the method of FastDNA Kits(MP Biomedical)was more suitable for PCR amplification,and the amplification product could be well used for cloning and sequencing.In the contrast,although the other three methods were cheaper,the amount and purity of DNA extracted with them were decreased.Our results suggested that the extraction with the FastDNA kits was stable and convenient for operation and standardization but expensiveness.In summary,four methods had respective advantages and disadvantages,and FastDNA kits provided more stable DNA for PCR and sequence cloning.
2013, 28(4): 366-371.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.013
Abstract:
To investigate the final residues and dynamic degradation of bifenthrin sprayed on Fuyun6,Jinguanyin,Tieguanyinand Shuixian(Camellia sinensis),a security analysis of residual bifenthrin in different tea plantation(Fu′an,Anxi and Wuyishan)was carried out after 1000-4000times of 2.5% bifenthrin was air-dried or 1,3,5,7,10,15days after spraying.Our results showed that the recovery rates of bifenthrin were over 93.9% and the original residues declined with diluted times of the pesticides.Meanwhile,higher residual contents was found in the Fu′an green teas in autumn of the year 2003,and there were no significant differences in the original residues in different tea varieties at different seasons.The average original residual amounts in the same tea varieties between different seasons was decreased with negative correlation to higher temperature after spraying with 1000-4000times of 2.5% bifenthrin.Dynamic degradation of bifenthrin was coincided with first-order kinetic equation.Furthermore,the average residue half life after treatment was 4.22days and there was no significant difference among the four kinds of tea varieties cultivated in Fu′an,Anxi and Wuyishan.There were significant differences among tea varities at the same seasons in different regions,and the the longest was 8.48days in Anxi autumn tea,However,the residue half life in the same climatic conditions of Fu′an were 2.19and 6.16days for oolong teas and green teas,suggesting that there were no significant differences between seasons but significant differences between two tea varieties.The average temperature,relative humidity and rainfall did not show a statistically significant correlation with the residue half life during the test period.The original residues resulted from 1000-4000times of 2.5% bifenthrin was less than 3.5mg/kg,which made a relatively low risk of exceeding criterion.
To investigate the final residues and dynamic degradation of bifenthrin sprayed on Fuyun6,Jinguanyin,Tieguanyinand Shuixian(Camellia sinensis),a security analysis of residual bifenthrin in different tea plantation(Fu′an,Anxi and Wuyishan)was carried out after 1000-4000times of 2.5% bifenthrin was air-dried or 1,3,5,7,10,15days after spraying.Our results showed that the recovery rates of bifenthrin were over 93.9% and the original residues declined with diluted times of the pesticides.Meanwhile,higher residual contents was found in the Fu′an green teas in autumn of the year 2003,and there were no significant differences in the original residues in different tea varieties at different seasons.The average original residual amounts in the same tea varieties between different seasons was decreased with negative correlation to higher temperature after spraying with 1000-4000times of 2.5% bifenthrin.Dynamic degradation of bifenthrin was coincided with first-order kinetic equation.Furthermore,the average residue half life after treatment was 4.22days and there was no significant difference among the four kinds of tea varieties cultivated in Fu′an,Anxi and Wuyishan.There were significant differences among tea varities at the same seasons in different regions,and the the longest was 8.48days in Anxi autumn tea,However,the residue half life in the same climatic conditions of Fu′an were 2.19and 6.16days for oolong teas and green teas,suggesting that there were no significant differences between seasons but significant differences between two tea varieties.The average temperature,relative humidity and rainfall did not show a statistically significant correlation with the residue half life during the test period.The original residues resulted from 1000-4000times of 2.5% bifenthrin was less than 3.5mg/kg,which made a relatively low risk of exceeding criterion.
2013, 28(4): 372-376.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.014
Abstract:
Using 4embryogenesis cell lines(ECLs),which were the embryogenic suspensor mass(ESM)of the slash pine,critical factors affecting the maturation of somatic embryos(SEs)were identified and studied.The results showed that different ECLs and carbon sources in the medium were the key factors affecting the maturation of the SEs.The presence of PEG of different molecular weights in different concentrations with ABA and AC in the medium affected SEs both qualitatively and quantitatively.The most desirable medium for the embryo maturation was found to consist of LP+ABA70mg.L-1+PEG 8000 150g.L-1+maltose 60g.L-1+AC 0~2.0g.L-1+ agar 3.0g.L-1.On which,approximately 19.8mature cotyledonary embryos were harvested from 1cm diameter of ESM.
Using 4embryogenesis cell lines(ECLs),which were the embryogenic suspensor mass(ESM)of the slash pine,critical factors affecting the maturation of somatic embryos(SEs)were identified and studied.The results showed that different ECLs and carbon sources in the medium were the key factors affecting the maturation of the SEs.The presence of PEG of different molecular weights in different concentrations with ABA and AC in the medium affected SEs both qualitatively and quantitatively.The most desirable medium for the embryo maturation was found to consist of LP+ABA70mg.L-1+PEG 8000 150g.L-1+maltose 60g.L-1+AC 0~2.0g.L-1+ agar 3.0g.L-1.On which,approximately 19.8mature cotyledonary embryos were harvested from 1cm diameter of ESM.
2013, 28(4): 377-380.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.015
Abstract:
An introduction experiment was conducted to test several alfalfa varieties in Fujian province in different climatic zones.The results showed that Sadie 10whose dormancy level was 10had best adaptability.Two-year average yield per mu of fresh and hay was 5 834.30kg and 1 340.62kg respectively,that was 17.33%and 23.32% higher than the control.In addition,it also had the more branches,higher leaf quantity,better quality advantages and adaptable in Fujian provinces.Sadie 7whose dormancy level was 7had average yield per mu of fresh was 5 445.39kg which was 9.51% higher than control,the hay was 1 207.61kg which was 11.08% higher.The introduction provides reference for the industrialization of alfalfa production in Fujian province and alleviates the problem of the lack of leguminous forage grass.
An introduction experiment was conducted to test several alfalfa varieties in Fujian province in different climatic zones.The results showed that Sadie 10whose dormancy level was 10had best adaptability.Two-year average yield per mu of fresh and hay was 5 834.30kg and 1 340.62kg respectively,that was 17.33%and 23.32% higher than the control.In addition,it also had the more branches,higher leaf quantity,better quality advantages and adaptable in Fujian provinces.Sadie 7whose dormancy level was 7had average yield per mu of fresh was 5 445.39kg which was 9.51% higher than control,the hay was 1 207.61kg which was 11.08% higher.The introduction provides reference for the industrialization of alfalfa production in Fujian province and alleviates the problem of the lack of leguminous forage grass.
2013, 28(4): 381-386.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.016
Abstract:
Azollais an important biological component of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS),because it can supply O2 and absorb CO2 from the environment,and can be used as fresh vegetable by the astronauts.The aim of this study is to clarify the canopy photosynthesis regular pattern of Azollain simulated microgravity environment,and to lay the foundation of Azollaspace′s application.Azolla was moistly cultured in the controlled airtight cabin of 3D-rotary plant clinostat,which could stimulate space microgravity effect.The canopy photosynthesis characteristics of Azolla were studied by measuring the O2-CO2concentrations in airtight cabin.The results showed that net photosynthesis efficiency of Azollain stimulated microgravity environment had a positive correlation with illumination intensity.When illumination intensity was 7 000lx,the amount of released O2 and fixed CO2by photosynthesis perunit energy consumption was the largest.Azolla net photosynthesis efficiency also had a positive correlation with CO2concentration in cabin,but a negative correlation with O2concentration.Azolla net photosynthesis efficiency was higher than that of normal atmosphere environment especially in an environment that was low in O2and high in CO2.These results showed that Azolla had strong capacity of photosynthetic O2-release,which balanced the O2-CO2concentration inside the cabin to aid the astronauts′survival,further prospect for Azollaspace application.
Azollais an important biological component of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS),because it can supply O2 and absorb CO2 from the environment,and can be used as fresh vegetable by the astronauts.The aim of this study is to clarify the canopy photosynthesis regular pattern of Azollain simulated microgravity environment,and to lay the foundation of Azollaspace′s application.Azolla was moistly cultured in the controlled airtight cabin of 3D-rotary plant clinostat,which could stimulate space microgravity effect.The canopy photosynthesis characteristics of Azolla were studied by measuring the O2-CO2concentrations in airtight cabin.The results showed that net photosynthesis efficiency of Azollain stimulated microgravity environment had a positive correlation with illumination intensity.When illumination intensity was 7 000lx,the amount of released O2 and fixed CO2by photosynthesis perunit energy consumption was the largest.Azolla net photosynthesis efficiency also had a positive correlation with CO2concentration in cabin,but a negative correlation with O2concentration.Azolla net photosynthesis efficiency was higher than that of normal atmosphere environment especially in an environment that was low in O2and high in CO2.These results showed that Azolla had strong capacity of photosynthetic O2-release,which balanced the O2-CO2concentration inside the cabin to aid the astronauts′survival,further prospect for Azollaspace application.
2013, 28(4): 387-391.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.017
Abstract:
Facility agriculture,as the symbol of modern agriculture,is of typical modern agriculture characteristics.There were many problems in the supporting facilities,construction quality,product packing system and coldstorage logistics of facility agriculture in Fujian.Zhongyi demonstration farm,collaborated by both Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Trade and Industry of Israel,was analyzed for the characteristics of intellectualized facility agriculture as an example in this study,and countermeasures for the development of facility agriculture were proposed as follows:accelerating the introduction of advanced foreign intelligent greenhouse;building the technical integration;strengthening the research of independent instruments and producing support;innovating the running and managing patterns of facility agriculture.
Facility agriculture,as the symbol of modern agriculture,is of typical modern agriculture characteristics.There were many problems in the supporting facilities,construction quality,product packing system and coldstorage logistics of facility agriculture in Fujian.Zhongyi demonstration farm,collaborated by both Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Trade and Industry of Israel,was analyzed for the characteristics of intellectualized facility agriculture as an example in this study,and countermeasures for the development of facility agriculture were proposed as follows:accelerating the introduction of advanced foreign intelligent greenhouse;building the technical integration;strengthening the research of independent instruments and producing support;innovating the running and managing patterns of facility agriculture.
2013, 28(4): 392-396.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.018
Abstract:
A rice-fish system(i.e.,aquaculture on rice growing field)could positively contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse gas emission.This study,for the first time,included the emission reduction of the greenhouse gases,such as CH4and N2O,in the scope of low carbon fisheries.This article presents our findings and preliminary analytical results on the current status including:(a)the rice-fish system reduced 1 222 300tons of CO2emissions in 2011;(b)an estimated ecosystem service value of greenhouse gas reduction was 83.329 5million yuan;(c)the provinces in China that had ecosystem services worth more than 10million yuan were Sichuan,Jiangsu and Hubei;(d)an ecological compensation standard for the rice-fish system,based on its potential capacity in reducing the greenhouse gases,was suggested to be 68.99yuan.hm-2.a-1.
A rice-fish system(i.e.,aquaculture on rice growing field)could positively contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse gas emission.This study,for the first time,included the emission reduction of the greenhouse gases,such as CH4and N2O,in the scope of low carbon fisheries.This article presents our findings and preliminary analytical results on the current status including:(a)the rice-fish system reduced 1 222 300tons of CO2emissions in 2011;(b)an estimated ecosystem service value of greenhouse gas reduction was 83.329 5million yuan;(c)the provinces in China that had ecosystem services worth more than 10million yuan were Sichuan,Jiangsu and Hubei;(d)an ecological compensation standard for the rice-fish system,based on its potential capacity in reducing the greenhouse gases,was suggested to be 68.99yuan.hm-2.a-1.
2013, 28(4): 397-404.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.019
Abstract:
Minghui86 was an Indica restorer line for super hybrid rice developed by Sanming Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian province. It is characteristics of broad restoring spectrum, strong restoring ability, high combining ability, medium resistance to rice blast, high grain quality and strong ratooning ability. Up to 2010, there were 15 combinations of hybrid rice approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee, four of them were approved by the national authorities in China, one of them were regarded as super hybrid rice by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. The data indicated that the total extension area of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui86 was 2. 211 3 million hectare. Furthermore, Minghui86 was am important backbone parental to breed new restorer lines. Up to 2011, 44 new restorer lines were bred successfully derived from Minghui86 as the main parent in China. 65 combinations of hybrid rice derived from these new restorer lines were approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee. The total extension area of hybrid rice combinations from these new restorer lines derived from one of parent Minghui86 was 1. 132 7 million hectare in China from 2004 to 2010. Finally, the anthor analyzed on super-high yielding character of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui86.
Minghui86 was an Indica restorer line for super hybrid rice developed by Sanming Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian province. It is characteristics of broad restoring spectrum, strong restoring ability, high combining ability, medium resistance to rice blast, high grain quality and strong ratooning ability. Up to 2010, there were 15 combinations of hybrid rice approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee, four of them were approved by the national authorities in China, one of them were regarded as super hybrid rice by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. The data indicated that the total extension area of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui86 was 2. 211 3 million hectare. Furthermore, Minghui86 was am important backbone parental to breed new restorer lines. Up to 2011, 44 new restorer lines were bred successfully derived from Minghui86 as the main parent in China. 65 combinations of hybrid rice derived from these new restorer lines were approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee. The total extension area of hybrid rice combinations from these new restorer lines derived from one of parent Minghui86 was 1. 132 7 million hectare in China from 2004 to 2010. Finally, the anthor analyzed on super-high yielding character of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui86.
2013, 28(4): 405-411.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.04.020
Abstract:
Sapindus mukorossi is a deciduous arbor of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae.It has numerous applications and is widely distributed in Southern China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.To further promote its industrialization and R&D, this article summarizes recent progress on the germplasm resource, genetic diversity, cultivation, forest planting, as well as the saponin and seed oil separation and extraction technology of S.mukorossi.Moreover, recommendations for further studies on breeding, propagation, saponin biotechnology and oil extraction are presented.
Sapindus mukorossi is a deciduous arbor of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae.It has numerous applications and is widely distributed in Southern China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia.To further promote its industrialization and R&D, this article summarizes recent progress on the germplasm resource, genetic diversity, cultivation, forest planting, as well as the saponin and seed oil separation and extraction technology of S.mukorossi.Moreover, recommendations for further studies on breeding, propagation, saponin biotechnology and oil extraction are presented.
