2013 Vol. 28, No. 11
Display Method:
2013, 28(11): 1063-1071.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.001
Abstract:
Prevention and control of soil erosion is an important project to ecological security, economic and social cohesion and urban and rural construction.In the past 30years, soil erosion of different types and soil and water conservation of different modes were conducted in-depth research in parts of Fujian.We constructed the main framework for the discipline of soil and water conservation, and the relevant theoretical research and application integration technology had also been studied, especially in the prediction of soil erosion, soil comprehensive conservation, mountain erosion control.In the present study, we analyzed status and characteristics on the prevention of soil erosion in Fujian Province, summarized the experience and patterns of soil erosion and proposed ideas and countermeasured, our work will be benefit for the prevention and comprehensive management for providing reference and experience.
Prevention and control of soil erosion is an important project to ecological security, economic and social cohesion and urban and rural construction.In the past 30years, soil erosion of different types and soil and water conservation of different modes were conducted in-depth research in parts of Fujian.We constructed the main framework for the discipline of soil and water conservation, and the relevant theoretical research and application integration technology had also been studied, especially in the prediction of soil erosion, soil comprehensive conservation, mountain erosion control.In the present study, we analyzed status and characteristics on the prevention of soil erosion in Fujian Province, summarized the experience and patterns of soil erosion and proposed ideas and countermeasured, our work will be benefit for the prevention and comprehensive management for providing reference and experience.
2013, 28(11): 1072-1077.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.002
Abstract:
The geology of Shi-Men reservoir watershed is very weak and the slope is very steep.Above 800hectare landslide after Typhoon Aili pounded Taiwan with strong winds and heavy rains.According to vegetation investigation, we choose five of the most important pioneer plants at landslide scars.We investigate the root distribution and evaluate the slope stability.In order to obtain root strength model from pulling resistance and root tensile strength test that analyze the tests' datum by statistical regression.The best estimator for pulling resistance (P) with basal diameter (D) are Taiwan hibiscus:P=5.10D1.49;Subcostate crape myrtle:P=2.82D1.96;Paper mulberry:P=11.75D0.74;Roxburgh sumac:P=12.56D1.32;Indiacharcial trema:P=8.52D1.18.The ability of pulling resistance is Roxburgh sumac>Subcostate crape myrtle>Taiwan hibiscus>Indiacharcial trema>Paper mulberry under fixed root diameter condition.Therefore Roxburgh sumac and Subcostate crape myrtle are really obvious about providing slope stability.
The geology of Shi-Men reservoir watershed is very weak and the slope is very steep.Above 800hectare landslide after Typhoon Aili pounded Taiwan with strong winds and heavy rains.According to vegetation investigation, we choose five of the most important pioneer plants at landslide scars.We investigate the root distribution and evaluate the slope stability.In order to obtain root strength model from pulling resistance and root tensile strength test that analyze the tests' datum by statistical regression.The best estimator for pulling resistance (P) with basal diameter (D) are Taiwan hibiscus:P=5.10D1.49;Subcostate crape myrtle:P=2.82D1.96;Paper mulberry:P=11.75D0.74;Roxburgh sumac:P=12.56D1.32;Indiacharcial trema:P=8.52D1.18.The ability of pulling resistance is Roxburgh sumac>Subcostate crape myrtle>Taiwan hibiscus>Indiacharcial trema>Paper mulberry under fixed root diameter condition.Therefore Roxburgh sumac and Subcostate crape myrtle are really obvious about providing slope stability.
2013, 28(11): 1078-1082.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.003
Abstract:
The CO2 release in Citrus orchard soil samples respectively applied with organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, chemical and organic fertilizer were analyzed during their incubation period to study the effects of different edible fungus residues on organic carbon mineralization in orchard soils.The results showed that the rate of SOC mineralization decreased quickly at the beginning, then decreased slowly during the middle incubation time, and kept relatively stable during the later incubation time.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the mineralization rate of SOC and C/N.Compared with the treatments of no-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer application in the soil could improve soil microbial activity, and average mineralization rates of the soils increased by 5.2%-104.6%.But there was no significant increase of potential carbon mineralization in the ratio of total organic carbon with the increasing of the amount of organic fertilizer in citrus orchard with the increase of organic fertilizer, indicated that mixed application of inorganic and organic fertilizer on soil could increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon.
The CO2 release in Citrus orchard soil samples respectively applied with organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, chemical and organic fertilizer were analyzed during their incubation period to study the effects of different edible fungus residues on organic carbon mineralization in orchard soils.The results showed that the rate of SOC mineralization decreased quickly at the beginning, then decreased slowly during the middle incubation time, and kept relatively stable during the later incubation time.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the mineralization rate of SOC and C/N.Compared with the treatments of no-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer application in the soil could improve soil microbial activity, and average mineralization rates of the soils increased by 5.2%-104.6%.But there was no significant increase of potential carbon mineralization in the ratio of total organic carbon with the increasing of the amount of organic fertilizer in citrus orchard with the increase of organic fertilizer, indicated that mixed application of inorganic and organic fertilizer on soil could increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon.
2013, 28(11): 1083-1087.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.004
Abstract:
Emergy analysis is an important method to current energy research and systematic sustainability assessment, which characterizes all products and services in equivalents of solar emergy.In this paper, emergy flows, emergy input and output, and emergy index (EIR, EYR, ELR, EST) of three orchard systems were characterized by emergy analysis.Our results showed that the largest energy flows in all systems is associated with labor, FCMP fertilizer and sunlight.In addition, 66.3%-73.9% of the total emergy inputs to the orchard system was economic resources.In the end, our results suggest that the terracing orchard system has the lowest environmental loading ratio (ELR) due to the reduced soil erosion and the highest emergy sustainability Index (ESI) , for it is based on the 100%living mulch compared to the other two clean tillage systems.
Emergy analysis is an important method to current energy research and systematic sustainability assessment, which characterizes all products and services in equivalents of solar emergy.In this paper, emergy flows, emergy input and output, and emergy index (EIR, EYR, ELR, EST) of three orchard systems were characterized by emergy analysis.Our results showed that the largest energy flows in all systems is associated with labor, FCMP fertilizer and sunlight.In addition, 66.3%-73.9% of the total emergy inputs to the orchard system was economic resources.In the end, our results suggest that the terracing orchard system has the lowest environmental loading ratio (ELR) due to the reduced soil erosion and the highest emergy sustainability Index (ESI) , for it is based on the 100%living mulch compared to the other two clean tillage systems.
2013, 28(11): 1088-1092.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.005
Abstract:
Taking 1year old young tea plantation in hilly region of red soil of Fujian as a case study, discussed the influences of soil environment of tea plantation and germination period and yield of spring tea compared with intercropping Stropharia Rugoso-annulata in open ground in tea field in 4-year continuous winter.The results indicated that intercropping and recycling fungi residue as fertilizer can lower down the bulk density and increase OM, pH, total N, hydrolysis N and available P of soil, and the effect of keeping water and temperature for soil was obvious in wintering period which was less rainy and lower temperature of Fujian region.The soil moisture raised up to 9.22%, 6.11%in 0-20cm, 20-40cm soil layers respectively during the period of October to February of the next year.The soil average temperature raised up to 0.90℃, 0.77℃, 0.67℃, 0.50℃in 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm soil layers respectively during the period of December to February of the next year.Intercropping also can ensure the safety of young tea tree in winter.Compared with clearing tillage tea plantation, intercropping Stropharia Rugosoannulata had obvious advantages:4.3days earlier in germination period, 11.1% more in yield production.
Taking 1year old young tea plantation in hilly region of red soil of Fujian as a case study, discussed the influences of soil environment of tea plantation and germination period and yield of spring tea compared with intercropping Stropharia Rugoso-annulata in open ground in tea field in 4-year continuous winter.The results indicated that intercropping and recycling fungi residue as fertilizer can lower down the bulk density and increase OM, pH, total N, hydrolysis N and available P of soil, and the effect of keeping water and temperature for soil was obvious in wintering period which was less rainy and lower temperature of Fujian region.The soil moisture raised up to 9.22%, 6.11%in 0-20cm, 20-40cm soil layers respectively during the period of October to February of the next year.The soil average temperature raised up to 0.90℃, 0.77℃, 0.67℃, 0.50℃in 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm soil layers respectively during the period of December to February of the next year.Intercropping also can ensure the safety of young tea tree in winter.Compared with clearing tillage tea plantation, intercropping Stropharia Rugosoannulata had obvious advantages:4.3days earlier in germination period, 11.1% more in yield production.
2013, 28(11): 1093-1098.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.006
Abstract:
The effects of water stress on several physiobiochemical indexes of Chamaecrista rotundifolia under PEG-6000treatment were studied in a series laboratory tests.The results showed that the RWC was decreased, the content of Chl and osmotic adjustment matter were raised, the activity of SOD and POD were increased, meanwhile, the cell membrane systems of mulberry were damaged and osmotic capability was boosted, relative electric conductivity and MDA content were increased along with the increasing of water stress.Furthermore, along with the time prolonged of water stress, the activity of POD was increased at first and then decreased, demonstrated that the activity of cell protective enzymes was increased under drought stress, but then decreased with the heavier stress to exceed the endurance for Chamaecrista rotundifolia.
The effects of water stress on several physiobiochemical indexes of Chamaecrista rotundifolia under PEG-6000treatment were studied in a series laboratory tests.The results showed that the RWC was decreased, the content of Chl and osmotic adjustment matter were raised, the activity of SOD and POD were increased, meanwhile, the cell membrane systems of mulberry were damaged and osmotic capability was boosted, relative electric conductivity and MDA content were increased along with the increasing of water stress.Furthermore, along with the time prolonged of water stress, the activity of POD was increased at first and then decreased, demonstrated that the activity of cell protective enzymes was increased under drought stress, but then decreased with the heavier stress to exceed the endurance for Chamaecrista rotundifolia.
2013, 28(11): 1099-1105.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.007
Abstract:
The study is application and improvement of mixed materials for continuous development on landslide in Taiwan.Total 13test recipes are selected for this study, containing four types of Portland cement, three types of loamy sandy soil, three types of mushroom compost, and the control group of 100% mushroom compost.From the test results, the germination percentage of Lolium multiflorum with various recipes reaches up to 85%, revealing that the seed germination is not significantly affected by cement ratio.In the comparison of aggregate stability analysis with wet-sieving and water retention, the erosion resistance of the recipe of mushroom compost 90% + loamy sandy soil 10%+cement 7% appears the highest water content after adding water for 28days that it is the optimal recipe.The germination percentage also achieves more than 90% that it is regarded as the best mixed material in this study.
The study is application and improvement of mixed materials for continuous development on landslide in Taiwan.Total 13test recipes are selected for this study, containing four types of Portland cement, three types of loamy sandy soil, three types of mushroom compost, and the control group of 100% mushroom compost.From the test results, the germination percentage of Lolium multiflorum with various recipes reaches up to 85%, revealing that the seed germination is not significantly affected by cement ratio.In the comparison of aggregate stability analysis with wet-sieving and water retention, the erosion resistance of the recipe of mushroom compost 90% + loamy sandy soil 10%+cement 7% appears the highest water content after adding water for 28days that it is the optimal recipe.The germination percentage also achieves more than 90% that it is regarded as the best mixed material in this study.
2013, 28(11): 1106-1111.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.008
Abstract:
Taking an instance of soil and water erosion for case study on the optimization layout of plantation land, the layout of flue-cured tobacco plantation in Changting was optimized based on the principle in“suitability, localization and intensives”with integration of GIS and mathematical modeling.The results showed that, account of total cropland in Changting, the area suited for flue-cured tobacco plantation was 80.08%, and 79.74% of which was high or moderate suitability.Among total flue-cured tobacco plantation land, the optimal localization in suitability showed that the first and secondary suitable planting area was for 92.82% in total optimized arrangement.The towns including Datong, Hetian, Tongfang, Xinqiao and Zhoutian could be planning as key developing area, and those including Cewu, Gucheng, Guanqian and Tufang could be planning as reserve area for flue-cured tobacco industry in Changting.
Taking an instance of soil and water erosion for case study on the optimization layout of plantation land, the layout of flue-cured tobacco plantation in Changting was optimized based on the principle in“suitability, localization and intensives”with integration of GIS and mathematical modeling.The results showed that, account of total cropland in Changting, the area suited for flue-cured tobacco plantation was 80.08%, and 79.74% of which was high or moderate suitability.Among total flue-cured tobacco plantation land, the optimal localization in suitability showed that the first and secondary suitable planting area was for 92.82% in total optimized arrangement.The towns including Datong, Hetian, Tongfang, Xinqiao and Zhoutian could be planning as key developing area, and those including Cewu, Gucheng, Guanqian and Tufang could be planning as reserve area for flue-cured tobacco industry in Changting.
2013, 28(11): 1112-1116.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.009
Abstract:
The regular growth of flue-cured tobacco is affected by phosphorus supply.The pot experiment was conducted to study effects of phosphorus rate in tobacco-planting soil with different available phosphorus levels on the growth and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that, in moist sandy land (available phosphorus 13.29 mg·kg-1, soil phosphorus adsorption maximum 67.3 mg·kg-1) , phosphorus application was 1.35g·pot-1 (P4) which the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco exhibited higher levels, the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco was not significant with P5treatment and could meet the demand of the regular growth of the flue-cured tobacco.In yellow clayey soil (available phosphorus 28.66 mg·kg-1, phosphorus adsorption maximum 168.2mg·kg-1) , the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco which applied 2.00 g·pot-1 (P5) phosphorus was at the best level significantly higher than other treatments.The dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco could reach the maximum value 79.03g·pot-1 significantly higher than P4 treatment, which could meet the demand of the regular growth of the flue-cured tobacco.In paddy field (available phosphorus 54.50mg·kg-1, phosphorus adsorption maximum 104.0mg·kg-1) , the agronomic traits of fluecured tobacco which applied 1.35g·pot-1 (P4) phosphorus was at best level significantly higher than others.The dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco could reach the maximum value 95.04g·pot-1, which could meet the demand of the regular growth of the flue-cured tobacco, with the same phosphorus applied, the agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco were paddy field>yellow clayey soil>moist sandy land. Which showed that phosphorus fertilizer rate in tobacco-planting soil with different available phosphorus levels was significantly related to the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
The regular growth of flue-cured tobacco is affected by phosphorus supply.The pot experiment was conducted to study effects of phosphorus rate in tobacco-planting soil with different available phosphorus levels on the growth and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that, in moist sandy land (available phosphorus 13.29 mg·kg-1, soil phosphorus adsorption maximum 67.3 mg·kg-1) , phosphorus application was 1.35g·pot-1 (P4) which the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco exhibited higher levels, the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco was not significant with P5treatment and could meet the demand of the regular growth of the flue-cured tobacco.In yellow clayey soil (available phosphorus 28.66 mg·kg-1, phosphorus adsorption maximum 168.2mg·kg-1) , the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco which applied 2.00 g·pot-1 (P5) phosphorus was at the best level significantly higher than other treatments.The dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco could reach the maximum value 79.03g·pot-1 significantly higher than P4 treatment, which could meet the demand of the regular growth of the flue-cured tobacco.In paddy field (available phosphorus 54.50mg·kg-1, phosphorus adsorption maximum 104.0mg·kg-1) , the agronomic traits of fluecured tobacco which applied 1.35g·pot-1 (P4) phosphorus was at best level significantly higher than others.The dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco could reach the maximum value 95.04g·pot-1, which could meet the demand of the regular growth of the flue-cured tobacco, with the same phosphorus applied, the agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco were paddy field>yellow clayey soil>moist sandy land. Which showed that phosphorus fertilizer rate in tobacco-planting soil with different available phosphorus levels was significantly related to the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
2013, 28(11): 1117-1122.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.010
Abstract:
The research used PPA method to study of allelopathic activities among four species of Lolium multiflorum.Digitaria sanguinalis and Galium tricorne was used as the receiver plants.The results showed that the seeding growth were inhibited obviously by four species of Lolium multiflorum.The powder additives of Maximus′root and mixture of Barmega′s stem and leaf had the strongest effect on Digitaria sanguinalis.The powder additives of Barmega′root and mixture of stem and leaf of Maximus and Jumbo had the strongest effect on Galium tricorne.Among four species, the inhibitory effect of the root powder additive was stronger than the stem and leaf mixture on seeding height of receptor, and the stem and leaf mixture was stronger than the root on root length of receptor.The inhibition rates on seeding height of Galium tricorne were 60.75%and 46.76%respectively when treated 2.0g/L of the root and mixture of stem and leaf powder.The five addition levels of four species had a certain degree of inbibiton on Digitaria sanguinalis and Galium tricorne.The overall trend is that with the increase of adding amount, the inhibition enhanced gradually, especially in three adding levels of 0.50g/L, 0.75g/L and 1.0g/L (P<0.05) .
The research used PPA method to study of allelopathic activities among four species of Lolium multiflorum.Digitaria sanguinalis and Galium tricorne was used as the receiver plants.The results showed that the seeding growth were inhibited obviously by four species of Lolium multiflorum.The powder additives of Maximus′root and mixture of Barmega′s stem and leaf had the strongest effect on Digitaria sanguinalis.The powder additives of Barmega′root and mixture of stem and leaf of Maximus and Jumbo had the strongest effect on Galium tricorne.Among four species, the inhibitory effect of the root powder additive was stronger than the stem and leaf mixture on seeding height of receptor, and the stem and leaf mixture was stronger than the root on root length of receptor.The inhibition rates on seeding height of Galium tricorne were 60.75%and 46.76%respectively when treated 2.0g/L of the root and mixture of stem and leaf powder.The five addition levels of four species had a certain degree of inbibiton on Digitaria sanguinalis and Galium tricorne.The overall trend is that with the increase of adding amount, the inhibition enhanced gradually, especially in three adding levels of 0.50g/L, 0.75g/L and 1.0g/L (P<0.05) .
2013, 28(11): 1123-1131.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.011
Abstract:
The rural circular economy combined with agricultural industrial park is an effective infrastructure for carrying on the sustainable development of regional modern agriculture.It is optimum in practice for the upgrading of modern circular agriculture in harmonious and multi-beneficial development.Based on the case studies for Fuqing Xingyuan Corporation and Yuxi Farm, this paper discussed the ecological principles in the construction of modern circular agricultural park.It also briefly described technical planning and design for the circular agricultural park on their resource compatibility, circulative utilization and effective conversion, as well as their technologic pattern and practical countermeasures.The paper was aiming to provide the references on circular agriculture for the transformation and upgrading of rural agricultural economy and its sustainable development.
The rural circular economy combined with agricultural industrial park is an effective infrastructure for carrying on the sustainable development of regional modern agriculture.It is optimum in practice for the upgrading of modern circular agriculture in harmonious and multi-beneficial development.Based on the case studies for Fuqing Xingyuan Corporation and Yuxi Farm, this paper discussed the ecological principles in the construction of modern circular agricultural park.It also briefly described technical planning and design for the circular agricultural park on their resource compatibility, circulative utilization and effective conversion, as well as their technologic pattern and practical countermeasures.The paper was aiming to provide the references on circular agriculture for the transformation and upgrading of rural agricultural economy and its sustainable development.
2013, 28(11): 1132-1136.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.012
Abstract:
Through continuous sampling, the physical and chemical properties of pig litter in the microbial fermentation bed were analyzed, and results showed that the physico-chemical properties were changed significantly in the different litter.The water absorption of the litter used for 5-16months decreased with the passage of time, but pH, moisture content, conductivity, salinity, organic matter and total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly.Organic matter content of the litter used for 5, 7, 9and 16 months were 59.72%、 49.34%、44.94%and 38.41% (P<0.05) , respectively.It reduced gradually with the passage of time and the difference was significant.Total nitrogen contents reduced with the gradual reduction of litter fermentation, but total phosphorus, potassium content were on the rise by using stretch the time.
Through continuous sampling, the physical and chemical properties of pig litter in the microbial fermentation bed were analyzed, and results showed that the physico-chemical properties were changed significantly in the different litter.The water absorption of the litter used for 5-16months decreased with the passage of time, but pH, moisture content, conductivity, salinity, organic matter and total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly.Organic matter content of the litter used for 5, 7, 9and 16 months were 59.72%、 49.34%、44.94%and 38.41% (P<0.05) , respectively.It reduced gradually with the passage of time and the difference was significant.Total nitrogen contents reduced with the gradual reduction of litter fermentation, but total phosphorus, potassium content were on the rise by using stretch the time.
Evaluation and Selection of Fodder Ramie Resources for Soil and Water Conservation in Southern China
2013, 28(11): 1137-1144.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.013
Abstract:
To select ramie varieties suitable for both soil and water conservation in the southern and high quality fodder, twenty fodder ramie resources were systemationlly selected with clustering method on botanical characteristics, biological characteristics and nutritional quality.The results showed that twenty tested strains could be divided into three kinds by botanical character.According to biological characteristics and nutritional quality of the multiple indicator cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation, 3fodder ramie resources, Chuanzhu No.1, Liangpingqingma and bensuozhuma No.2, better for soil and water conservation were preliminary selected.
To select ramie varieties suitable for both soil and water conservation in the southern and high quality fodder, twenty fodder ramie resources were systemationlly selected with clustering method on botanical characteristics, biological characteristics and nutritional quality.The results showed that twenty tested strains could be divided into three kinds by botanical character.According to biological characteristics and nutritional quality of the multiple indicator cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation, 3fodder ramie resources, Chuanzhu No.1, Liangpingqingma and bensuozhuma No.2, better for soil and water conservation were preliminary selected.
2013, 28(11): 1145-1148.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.014
Abstract:
Taking Ninghua County in Fujian province as an example, the research was based on the theory of principal component analysis of oil crops production impact assessment methods.Eleven indexes of principal components were studied and two main components were selected for analysis on the influence of the Ninghua oil crop yield.The results showed that the planting area, level of economic development and population were the main factors which constrained Ninghua County oil crops production.Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward on the basis of the above study.
Taking Ninghua County in Fujian province as an example, the research was based on the theory of principal component analysis of oil crops production impact assessment methods.Eleven indexes of principal components were studied and two main components were selected for analysis on the influence of the Ninghua oil crop yield.The results showed that the planting area, level of economic development and population were the main factors which constrained Ninghua County oil crops production.Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward on the basis of the above study.
2013, 28(11): 1149-1153.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.015
Abstract:
Extracting total flavonoids in pigeon pea leaves by ultrasonic method.Analysis the factors which ultrasonic extraction time, the concentration of ethanol and the solid-liquid ratio condition and L9 (34) orthogonal, to find the optimal conditions of extraction of total flovonoids in pigeon pea leaves.From the orthogonal results of ultrasonic extraction, the optimal conditions of extraction of total flavonoids in pigeon pea leaves are as following: 20min ultrasonic extraction 70%ethanol, 1∶30solid-liquid ratio.With above extraction condition the yield of total flavonoids is 3.65%.The average recovery of the detection method is 99.01%-102.72%, the method has excellent stability and repeatability.
Extracting total flavonoids in pigeon pea leaves by ultrasonic method.Analysis the factors which ultrasonic extraction time, the concentration of ethanol and the solid-liquid ratio condition and L9 (34) orthogonal, to find the optimal conditions of extraction of total flovonoids in pigeon pea leaves.From the orthogonal results of ultrasonic extraction, the optimal conditions of extraction of total flavonoids in pigeon pea leaves are as following: 20min ultrasonic extraction 70%ethanol, 1∶30solid-liquid ratio.With above extraction condition the yield of total flavonoids is 3.65%.The average recovery of the detection method is 99.01%-102.72%, the method has excellent stability and repeatability.
2013, 28(11): 1154-1158.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.016
Abstract:
The paper studied the design and construction for the architecture of grass network slope protection and its application in Changting.This technology is a new architecture used in avalanche defense against hill collapse and for soil and water conservation.The paper has described the architecture of the avalanche defense from its upper, middle and lower layers, respectively, on their structural characteristics and the functional theories in soil and water conservation.Calculation methods have been proposed from recently used in architectural design for the grass network slope protection, including external loads, normative standards and the network rope of slope protection. The calculation model was given with the pullout force of pile against the external load of system to balance internal force of the system, thus the avalanche defense was closely compacted with the hill forming as a monolithic architecture.The grass network slope protection systems have been introduced based on gradients, including the content of design, construction methods and the techniques for trouble shooting during construction.Comparing with traditional slop protection, three significant advantages have been obviously indicated including the low in cost, optimum in applicability and conservation in ecology.
The paper studied the design and construction for the architecture of grass network slope protection and its application in Changting.This technology is a new architecture used in avalanche defense against hill collapse and for soil and water conservation.The paper has described the architecture of the avalanche defense from its upper, middle and lower layers, respectively, on their structural characteristics and the functional theories in soil and water conservation.Calculation methods have been proposed from recently used in architectural design for the grass network slope protection, including external loads, normative standards and the network rope of slope protection. The calculation model was given with the pullout force of pile against the external load of system to balance internal force of the system, thus the avalanche defense was closely compacted with the hill forming as a monolithic architecture.The grass network slope protection systems have been introduced based on gradients, including the content of design, construction methods and the techniques for trouble shooting during construction.Comparing with traditional slop protection, three significant advantages have been obviously indicated including the low in cost, optimum in applicability and conservation in ecology.
2013, 28(11): 1159-1163.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.017
Abstract:
Soil and water loss governance in China is important for ecology civilization construction, and red soil zone of southern China is an important area of soil and water conservation.Many factors determine soil and water losses in southern China, including low soil fertility, unreasonable exploitation, signal management, insufficient of prominent industries and enlarged development areas.Based on the above, we analysis the relationship of industry and the development of recycling agriculture, and summarize the basic mode of agricultural development cycle and to propose innovative development of the agricultural cycle southern areas of soil erosion specific countermeasures.
Soil and water loss governance in China is important for ecology civilization construction, and red soil zone of southern China is an important area of soil and water conservation.Many factors determine soil and water losses in southern China, including low soil fertility, unreasonable exploitation, signal management, insufficient of prominent industries and enlarged development areas.Based on the above, we analysis the relationship of industry and the development of recycling agriculture, and summarize the basic mode of agricultural development cycle and to propose innovative development of the agricultural cycle southern areas of soil erosion specific countermeasures.
2013, 28(11): 1164-1169.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.018
Abstract:
Grass planting was one of important vegetable measures for water and soil conservation.It plays an essential role on ecological restoration in degraded ecosystem of red soil region in South of China.In this review, the organ of grass which has an effect on water and soil conservation was described, and application of grassland, grass covering and grass hedges was introduced in detail.Finally, some suggestions about carrying out more research of function of grass on water and soil conservation were discussed.
Grass planting was one of important vegetable measures for water and soil conservation.It plays an essential role on ecological restoration in degraded ecosystem of red soil region in South of China.In this review, the organ of grass which has an effect on water and soil conservation was described, and application of grassland, grass covering and grass hedges was introduced in detail.Finally, some suggestions about carrying out more research of function of grass on water and soil conservation were discussed.
2013, 28(11): 1170-1174.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.019
Abstract:
Nitrogen is one of the necessary elements for crop growth, and its supply directly affects agricultural production.Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in the development of agricultural production, and is one of the important measures to improve grain yield.The amount of nitrogen fertilized in China is the most, but due to the fertilization method or improper agricultural management measures, nitrogen loss is increasing, and nitrogen utilization rate is low, which brings many environmental problems.The migration and transformation of nitrogen in soil is the direct cause.This paper firstly simply introduced the process of nitrogen migration and transformation, then summarized the research status home and abroad of migration and transformation characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer and biological responses, and then described the migration and transformation characteristics of fertilizer nitrogen in special environment of fertilizer micro-region.Finally the future research directions were discussed for providing a theoretical reference for nitrogen fertilizer optimal utilization.
Nitrogen is one of the necessary elements for crop growth, and its supply directly affects agricultural production.Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in the development of agricultural production, and is one of the important measures to improve grain yield.The amount of nitrogen fertilized in China is the most, but due to the fertilization method or improper agricultural management measures, nitrogen loss is increasing, and nitrogen utilization rate is low, which brings many environmental problems.The migration and transformation of nitrogen in soil is the direct cause.This paper firstly simply introduced the process of nitrogen migration and transformation, then summarized the research status home and abroad of migration and transformation characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer and biological responses, and then described the migration and transformation characteristics of fertilizer nitrogen in special environment of fertilizer micro-region.Finally the future research directions were discussed for providing a theoretical reference for nitrogen fertilizer optimal utilization.
2013, 28(11): 1175-1179.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.020
Abstract:
‘3S'technology is significantly applied in the field of land resources management.In this paper, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Global Positioning System were described first with the basic concept, main features and functions.Recent application of‘3S'technology in the survey, dynamic monitoring, planning of land use and land consolidation were also reviewed and analyzed, indicating that the technology has broad prospects for application in land resources management.
‘3S'technology is significantly applied in the field of land resources management.In this paper, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Global Positioning System were described first with the basic concept, main features and functions.Recent application of‘3S'technology in the survey, dynamic monitoring, planning of land use and land consolidation were also reviewed and analyzed, indicating that the technology has broad prospects for application in land resources management.
2013, 28(11): 1180-1184.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.021
Abstract:
The role of Bacillus in the resources utilization of crops straw was summarized in this paper.This paper also reviewed the Bacillus transform crops straw to feed、fertilizer、raw material for industry and edible mushrooms.Our work will be benefit for excavating bacillus of application potential and promote the development of ecological and sustainable agriculture.
The role of Bacillus in the resources utilization of crops straw was summarized in this paper.This paper also reviewed the Bacillus transform crops straw to feed、fertilizer、raw material for industry and edible mushrooms.Our work will be benefit for excavating bacillus of application potential and promote the development of ecological and sustainable agriculture.
2013, 28(11): 1185-1191.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.022
Abstract:
This paper has elucidated the concepts of low-carbon economy on the background and perspectives of developing low-carbon agriculture, and has discussed the challenges for its development against traditional farming system and the shortage of investment on modern agricultural facilities, as well as for establishing the technical system of low-carbon agriculture.The technologic strategies for modern agriculture development have been suggested on the low-carbon circular agriculture of grassland, farmland, mountain land and forest land.
This paper has elucidated the concepts of low-carbon economy on the background and perspectives of developing low-carbon agriculture, and has discussed the challenges for its development against traditional farming system and the shortage of investment on modern agricultural facilities, as well as for establishing the technical system of low-carbon agriculture.The technologic strategies for modern agriculture development have been suggested on the low-carbon circular agriculture of grassland, farmland, mountain land and forest land.
2013, 28(11): 1192-1194.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.11.023
Abstract:
Taking NaCl lethal concentration and plant chlorophyll content measured using a chlorophyll meter spectrophotometer as evaluation index, salt tolerance of leguminous green manure crop Keza No.1at seedling stage was evaluated.The results indicated that the lethal concentration of salt for Keza No.1was 230 mmol·L-1. SPAD value after NaCl treatment was 23.95.In a word, Keza No.1was relatively salt-tolerance.
Taking NaCl lethal concentration and plant chlorophyll content measured using a chlorophyll meter spectrophotometer as evaluation index, salt tolerance of leguminous green manure crop Keza No.1at seedling stage was evaluated.The results indicated that the lethal concentration of salt for Keza No.1was 230 mmol·L-1. SPAD value after NaCl treatment was 23.95.In a word, Keza No.1was relatively salt-tolerance.
