2012 Vol. 27, No. 10
Display Method:
2012, 27(10): 1027-1031.
Abstract:
A viral isolate (named as ZZ40) was abtained from liver of white-feather mule ducks with irregular hemorrhagic hepatitis, and were identified as duck tembus virus (DTMUV) by RT-PCR. The virus was specifically neutralized by anti-DTMUV hyperimmune serum. Gene fregments were abtained by using three sets of primers aimed at viral structural genes, and shared no less than 99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with those of avian tembus viruses isolated recently, and no more than 88.6% with that of Mosquito-borne tembus virus MM-1775 strain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZZ40 strain clustal into the same clade with those duck viruses isolated recently. These results indicated that the white-feather mule ducks in this case was infected with duck tembusu virus, which has no abviously variation in antigenicity compared with those of the early isolates of duck tembusu virus from egg-laying duck.
A viral isolate (named as ZZ40) was abtained from liver of white-feather mule ducks with irregular hemorrhagic hepatitis, and were identified as duck tembus virus (DTMUV) by RT-PCR. The virus was specifically neutralized by anti-DTMUV hyperimmune serum. Gene fregments were abtained by using three sets of primers aimed at viral structural genes, and shared no less than 99.1% nucleotide sequence identity with those of avian tembus viruses isolated recently, and no more than 88.6% with that of Mosquito-borne tembus virus MM-1775 strain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZZ40 strain clustal into the same clade with those duck viruses isolated recently. These results indicated that the white-feather mule ducks in this case was infected with duck tembusu virus, which has no abviously variation in antigenicity compared with those of the early isolates of duck tembusu virus from egg-laying duck.
2012, 27(10): 1032-1038.
Abstract:
To fully understand the knowledge of variant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genetic variation and pathogenicity, the ORF5 and NSP2 genomes of PRRSV-FJ09A strain were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Comparing with PRRSV-VR2332, ORF5 gene shared 87.6%of nucleotide homologies and 88.1% of the deduced amino acid homologies, there were point mutations within deduced amino acids, focus on amino acids of associated with virulence, epitope and N-glycosylation sites;NSP2 gene shared 80.9% of nucleotide homologies and 77.0% of the deduced amino acid homologies, and it shared a common feature of 31 amino acids deletion in three places which one place more of a phenylalanine(F) than other local reports. Comparing these sequences with Chinese PRRSV strains published after 2006,ORF5 gene shared 98.5%-99.7% of nucleotide homologies and 97.5%-99.5% of the deduced amino acid homologies, NSP2 gene shared 98.4%-99.3% of nucleotide homologies and 97.3%-98.9% of the deduced amino acid homologies. The phylogeneic tree revealed PRRSV-FJ09A strain isolated had closer relationship with PRRSV-FJ06A strain. According to the animal experiment PRRSV-FJ09A had a high pathogenicity to 30 d pigs.
To fully understand the knowledge of variant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genetic variation and pathogenicity, the ORF5 and NSP2 genomes of PRRSV-FJ09A strain were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Comparing with PRRSV-VR2332, ORF5 gene shared 87.6%of nucleotide homologies and 88.1% of the deduced amino acid homologies, there were point mutations within deduced amino acids, focus on amino acids of associated with virulence, epitope and N-glycosylation sites;NSP2 gene shared 80.9% of nucleotide homologies and 77.0% of the deduced amino acid homologies, and it shared a common feature of 31 amino acids deletion in three places which one place more of a phenylalanine(F) than other local reports. Comparing these sequences with Chinese PRRSV strains published after 2006,ORF5 gene shared 98.5%-99.7% of nucleotide homologies and 97.5%-99.5% of the deduced amino acid homologies, NSP2 gene shared 98.4%-99.3% of nucleotide homologies and 97.3%-98.9% of the deduced amino acid homologies. The phylogeneic tree revealed PRRSV-FJ09A strain isolated had closer relationship with PRRSV-FJ06A strain. According to the animal experiment PRRSV-FJ09A had a high pathogenicity to 30 d pigs.
2012, 27(10): 1039-1043.
Abstract:
An identified male gametophytic sterile mutant mga36 (Male sterility abortion 36) in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) was resulted with the insertion of a T-DNA. This special sequence flanking T-DNA was isolated with Tail-PCR technique. Blast search result showed that the insertion of T-DNA located in the intron of an unknown protein gene in chromosome 7. RT-PCR expression analysis revealed that, in pollen mature stage, the candidate gene MGA36 had expressed in all test tissues including roots, stems, leaves and spikes. The observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) for mature pollens with mutant mga36 indicated that 50% the pollens were slightly concave. The study suggested that the gene MGA36 played an important role in the late stage of rice pollen development.
An identified male gametophytic sterile mutant mga36 (Male sterility abortion 36) in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) was resulted with the insertion of a T-DNA. This special sequence flanking T-DNA was isolated with Tail-PCR technique. Blast search result showed that the insertion of T-DNA located in the intron of an unknown protein gene in chromosome 7. RT-PCR expression analysis revealed that, in pollen mature stage, the candidate gene MGA36 had expressed in all test tissues including roots, stems, leaves and spikes. The observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) for mature pollens with mutant mga36 indicated that 50% the pollens were slightly concave. The study suggested that the gene MGA36 played an important role in the late stage of rice pollen development.
2012, 27(10): 1044-1049.
Abstract:
Research on tissue-specific expressed genes is essential for the understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant growth and development. By means of bioinformatics, RT-PCR and real-time PCR, two tissue-specific expressed genes in rice, Os01g18840 and Os01g28500, were identified. The Os01g18840 gene was specially expressed in the leaves, and Os01g28500 in the stems, leaves and glumes. Furthermore, under the stress treatments of PEG, NaCl, ABA or in the dark, the expression of the Os01g18840 gene was reduced, but that of the Os01g28500 gene significantly induced. Analyses on the structures of the genes and proteins revealed that the Os01g18840 gene encoded an intermediate filament protein containing one coiled-coil domain, while the Os01g28500 protein had a SCP-like domain relating to pathogenic infection. In addition, the analysis on their upstream promoter region indicated that there were a large number of cis-elements relating to leaf, mesophyll cell or green tissue expression.
Research on tissue-specific expressed genes is essential for the understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant growth and development. By means of bioinformatics, RT-PCR and real-time PCR, two tissue-specific expressed genes in rice, Os01g18840 and Os01g28500, were identified. The Os01g18840 gene was specially expressed in the leaves, and Os01g28500 in the stems, leaves and glumes. Furthermore, under the stress treatments of PEG, NaCl, ABA or in the dark, the expression of the Os01g18840 gene was reduced, but that of the Os01g28500 gene significantly induced. Analyses on the structures of the genes and proteins revealed that the Os01g18840 gene encoded an intermediate filament protein containing one coiled-coil domain, while the Os01g28500 protein had a SCP-like domain relating to pathogenic infection. In addition, the analysis on their upstream promoter region indicated that there were a large number of cis-elements relating to leaf, mesophyll cell or green tissue expression.
2012, 27(10): 1050-1055.
Abstract:
Fuhui 673 is a hybrid rice restorer line bred at the Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences by crossbreeding the restore line N175 and the F2 plant of crossing between the SP1 plant of Minghui 86 of space mutation and Tainong 67. The resultant hybrid had a strong restoring ability, wide restorer profile and good combining capacity. The series of breeds, including Yiyou 673, II you 673, Chuanyou 673, Tianyou 673, Guangyou 673, Yueliangyou 673, etc., exhibited excellent characteristics in regional trials in and outside the province. Among them, Yiyou 673, II you 673, Chuanyou 673 and Tianyou 673 had passed tests 8 times by the crop variety approval committee beyond the provincial level. The breeding process of the restorer line Fuhui 673, as well as the biological characteristics and performance of these new hybrid rice varieties, is presented.
Fuhui 673 is a hybrid rice restorer line bred at the Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences by crossbreeding the restore line N175 and the F2 plant of crossing between the SP1 plant of Minghui 86 of space mutation and Tainong 67. The resultant hybrid had a strong restoring ability, wide restorer profile and good combining capacity. The series of breeds, including Yiyou 673, II you 673, Chuanyou 673, Tianyou 673, Guangyou 673, Yueliangyou 673, etc., exhibited excellent characteristics in regional trials in and outside the province. Among them, Yiyou 673, II you 673, Chuanyou 673 and Tianyou 673 had passed tests 8 times by the crop variety approval committee beyond the provincial level. The breeding process of the restorer line Fuhui 673, as well as the biological characteristics and performance of these new hybrid rice varieties, is presented.
2012, 27(10): 1056-1060.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.007
Abstract:
Yiyou 673 was used in this study to determine the growth and yield of the rice under different planting densities and fertilizer applications.The results showed that the number of rice panicles significantly increased,and the grains per spike reduced,as the planting density increased.On the other hand,planting density had little effect on the grain-set rate or the 1000-grain weight of the rice.The optimum planting density for Yiyou 673 was determined to be 240 000 plants per hm2.When the amount of fertilizer was increased,the number of panicles and grains per spikelet were significantly improved,while the grain-set rate declined and the 1000-grain weight was on a rising trend.The optimum nitrogen fertilization for Yiyou 673 was 195 kg per hm2,and the N∶P2O5∶K2O ratio,1∶0.5∶1.Under the conditions tested,the net profit could be improved by increasing the planting density and fertilization.
Yiyou 673 was used in this study to determine the growth and yield of the rice under different planting densities and fertilizer applications.The results showed that the number of rice panicles significantly increased,and the grains per spike reduced,as the planting density increased.On the other hand,planting density had little effect on the grain-set rate or the 1000-grain weight of the rice.The optimum planting density for Yiyou 673 was determined to be 240 000 plants per hm2.When the amount of fertilizer was increased,the number of panicles and grains per spikelet were significantly improved,while the grain-set rate declined and the 1000-grain weight was on a rising trend.The optimum nitrogen fertilization for Yiyou 673 was 195 kg per hm2,and the N∶P2O5∶K2O ratio,1∶0.5∶1.Under the conditions tested,the net profit could be improved by increasing the planting density and fertilization.
2012, 27(10): 1061-1066.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.008
Abstract:
The artificial aging was carried out with most commercial restore lines,such as Hang 1,Hang 2,Minghui 86,Duoxi 1,R 527 and control endurable storage variety Yunhui290 under the condition of the temperature 42 C,humid 88%.The results indicated that the water content of theses varieties was increased gradually,in which the content of increased water for Yunhui 290 was the least and that for Minghui 86 was most with the prolonging of aging.Meanwhile the germination rate of the varieties decreased gradually,in which germination rate of control "Yunhui 290" was 74%,higher than the other varieties significantly after artificial aging 30d.After water content equilibration of all varieties,artificial aging in different stages were performed and the main components of these varieties were measured by conventional chemical methods before and after aging treatment.The results indicated that the content of proteins of each variety had no significant difference,but the content of starch and lipases were increased after aging.
The artificial aging was carried out with most commercial restore lines,such as Hang 1,Hang 2,Minghui 86,Duoxi 1,R 527 and control endurable storage variety Yunhui290 under the condition of the temperature 42 C,humid 88%.The results indicated that the water content of theses varieties was increased gradually,in which the content of increased water for Yunhui 290 was the least and that for Minghui 86 was most with the prolonging of aging.Meanwhile the germination rate of the varieties decreased gradually,in which germination rate of control "Yunhui 290" was 74%,higher than the other varieties significantly after artificial aging 30d.After water content equilibration of all varieties,artificial aging in different stages were performed and the main components of these varieties were measured by conventional chemical methods before and after aging treatment.The results indicated that the content of proteins of each variety had no significant difference,but the content of starch and lipases were increased after aging.
2012, 27(10): 1067-1075.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.009
Abstract:
The hybrid F1 generation of the new tea plants with high EGCG content were used in this experimentation to study the genetic phenotype of catechins.The results showed that(a) the contents of EGC,EC,EGCG,ECG,ester-catechins,simple catechins and TC(total catechins),the ratios of ester-catechins/TC,simple catechins/TC,EGCG/caffeine and EGCG/TC,as well as the catechin quality index of the tea plants differed significantly among different varieties;(b) the differences among the hybrid combinations reached a significant level according to Kruskal Wallis and the robust tests;and(c) the different hybrid combinations separated very significantly from one another based on the homogeneity of variance test.The TC distribution in the F1 generation of the hybrid combinations was determined by the genetic heritability.The distribution of individual plants with high EGCG,high ester-catechins and high quality catechins index was also determined by the heritability of their parents′ genetic.
The hybrid F1 generation of the new tea plants with high EGCG content were used in this experimentation to study the genetic phenotype of catechins.The results showed that(a) the contents of EGC,EC,EGCG,ECG,ester-catechins,simple catechins and TC(total catechins),the ratios of ester-catechins/TC,simple catechins/TC,EGCG/caffeine and EGCG/TC,as well as the catechin quality index of the tea plants differed significantly among different varieties;(b) the differences among the hybrid combinations reached a significant level according to Kruskal Wallis and the robust tests;and(c) the different hybrid combinations separated very significantly from one another based on the homogeneity of variance test.The TC distribution in the F1 generation of the hybrid combinations was determined by the genetic heritability.The distribution of individual plants with high EGCG,high ester-catechins and high quality catechins index was also determined by the heritability of their parents′ genetic.
2012, 27(10): 1076-1080.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.010
Abstract:
Changes of the organic acid and soluble sugar contents in the fruits of Shuanglong pitaya during the development stage were monitored.The results showed that there were malic,oxalic,citric,tartaric and fumaric acids in the fruits.The total acid content,which changed in an inverted V fashion during the entire fruit development period,peaked at 1.29 g·hg-1 on the 25th day,and decreased to 0.54 g·hg-1 35 days after flowering.Oxalic acid was most prominent during the early development stage(i.e.,6 to 15 d after flowering),whereas,malic acid dominated in the middle and late stages(i.e.,16 to 35 d after flowering).The sugar content accelerated rapidly from 20 to 35 d,and reached its maximum of 12.45 g·hg-1 35 days after flowering.The sugar/acid ratio changed in a similar manner as the soluble sugars,with a peak value of 23 at 35 d after flowering.
Changes of the organic acid and soluble sugar contents in the fruits of Shuanglong pitaya during the development stage were monitored.The results showed that there were malic,oxalic,citric,tartaric and fumaric acids in the fruits.The total acid content,which changed in an inverted V fashion during the entire fruit development period,peaked at 1.29 g·hg-1 on the 25th day,and decreased to 0.54 g·hg-1 35 days after flowering.Oxalic acid was most prominent during the early development stage(i.e.,6 to 15 d after flowering),whereas,malic acid dominated in the middle and late stages(i.e.,16 to 35 d after flowering).The sugar content accelerated rapidly from 20 to 35 d,and reached its maximum of 12.45 g·hg-1 35 days after flowering.The sugar/acid ratio changed in a similar manner as the soluble sugars,with a peak value of 23 at 35 d after flowering.
2012, 27(10): 1081-1086.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.011
Abstract:
Effecting factors for heat injury in loquat peel were studied at the National Field Genebank of Loquat in Fuzhou.The results showed that the ability of resistance to heat injury was quite different among the germplasms.The tree performance and the of fruiting resulted differently in the heat injury of loquat peel.The turning-color period was the sensitive stage of fruit peel to heat injury.During this stage,the temperature in fruit surface was 1.2-6.1℃ higher than air temperature on sunny day 9:00-17:00,and the time of it reaching to peak value was earlier in fruit surface than in air temperature.Under the natural lighting,the threshold temperature of 'Hongboluo' heat injury was 39℃ for 90 min,'Duo 2' was 39℃ for 60 min and 'Hongzhong' was 40℃ for 90 min.The results provided the information for preventing heat injury of loquat peel.
Effecting factors for heat injury in loquat peel were studied at the National Field Genebank of Loquat in Fuzhou.The results showed that the ability of resistance to heat injury was quite different among the germplasms.The tree performance and the of fruiting resulted differently in the heat injury of loquat peel.The turning-color period was the sensitive stage of fruit peel to heat injury.During this stage,the temperature in fruit surface was 1.2-6.1℃ higher than air temperature on sunny day 9:00-17:00,and the time of it reaching to peak value was earlier in fruit surface than in air temperature.Under the natural lighting,the threshold temperature of 'Hongboluo' heat injury was 39℃ for 90 min,'Duo 2' was 39℃ for 60 min and 'Hongzhong' was 40℃ for 90 min.The results provided the information for preventing heat injury of loquat peel.
2012, 27(10): 1087-1092.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.012
Abstract:
Microbial growth of the endophytic bacteria isolated from eggplants and Ralstonia solanacearum in co-cultivation was studied.The medium used for the experiment consisted of 5 g·L-1 glucose 5 g·L-1 yeast extract and 10 mg·L-1 peptone.The bacterial populations were lower than when they were cultured alone on the same medium.R.solanacearum(FJAT-1305) could not grow when it was co-cultured with Bacillus megaterium(FJAT-943).The count of FJAT-1305 was 7.40×109 cfu·mL-1 when grown in a same medium with Sphingomonas sanguinis(FJAT-946) after three days.It was significantly lower than 9.78×109 cfu·mL-1 when cultured alone.When FJAT-1305 was co-cultured with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(FJAT-964),its bacterial count was not significantly different from cultured by itself.It appeared that the growth of FJAT-1305 was inhibited by FJAT-943 or FJAT-946,but not affected by the existence of FJAT-964.
Microbial growth of the endophytic bacteria isolated from eggplants and Ralstonia solanacearum in co-cultivation was studied.The medium used for the experiment consisted of 5 g·L-1 glucose 5 g·L-1 yeast extract and 10 mg·L-1 peptone.The bacterial populations were lower than when they were cultured alone on the same medium.R.solanacearum(FJAT-1305) could not grow when it was co-cultured with Bacillus megaterium(FJAT-943).The count of FJAT-1305 was 7.40×109 cfu·mL-1 when grown in a same medium with Sphingomonas sanguinis(FJAT-946) after three days.It was significantly lower than 9.78×109 cfu·mL-1 when cultured alone.When FJAT-1305 was co-cultured with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(FJAT-964),its bacterial count was not significantly different from cultured by itself.It appeared that the growth of FJAT-1305 was inhibited by FJAT-943 or FJAT-946,but not affected by the existence of FJAT-964.
2012, 27(10): 1093-1096.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.013
Abstract:
Effects of six pesticides commonly used in tea plantations on the spore germination and hyphae growth of Beauveria bassiana were studied.The results showed that the two chemical insecticides(imidacloprid and Bifenthrin) have the best inhibitory effects on the development of B.bassiana,and followed by the two fungicides(carbendazim and mancozeb) and the two botanical insecticides(qingyuanbao and veratrine) used at commonly concentration.However,Bifenthrin had no siginficant negative impact on the development of B.bassiana.However,compatibility of B.bassiana with insecticides with one tenth of the commonly used concentration was good,except for veratrine.
Effects of six pesticides commonly used in tea plantations on the spore germination and hyphae growth of Beauveria bassiana were studied.The results showed that the two chemical insecticides(imidacloprid and Bifenthrin) have the best inhibitory effects on the development of B.bassiana,and followed by the two fungicides(carbendazim and mancozeb) and the two botanical insecticides(qingyuanbao and veratrine) used at commonly concentration.However,Bifenthrin had no siginficant negative impact on the development of B.bassiana.However,compatibility of B.bassiana with insecticides with one tenth of the commonly used concentration was good,except for veratrine.
2012, 27(10): 1097-1101.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.014
Abstract:
Toxicities of Beauveria bassiana strains,JYBb201 and JYBb202,against the 5th instar larvae of Homona coffearia were compared when 4 different methods of inoculation were applied.The adjusted mortality rates of H.coffearia larvae subjected to 1.0×107 conidia·mL-1 spore suspensions of JYBb201 and JYBb202 were found to be 85.00% and 81.94%,respectively,when the larvae were submerged in the spore suspension;82.50% and 76.94%,respectively,when the larvae were smeared with the spore suspension;47.50% and 43.61%,respectively,when the tea tips were dipped in the suspension;and,52.50% and 48.61%,respectively,when the spore suspension was sprayed on the larvae.The immersing method also appeared to bring about the highest cadaver rates at 67.50% for JYBb201 and 57.50% for JYBb202.It was the same when the LT50 values were used for the comparison 3.510 d for JYBb201 and 3.808 d for JYBb202.
Toxicities of Beauveria bassiana strains,JYBb201 and JYBb202,against the 5th instar larvae of Homona coffearia were compared when 4 different methods of inoculation were applied.The adjusted mortality rates of H.coffearia larvae subjected to 1.0×107 conidia·mL-1 spore suspensions of JYBb201 and JYBb202 were found to be 85.00% and 81.94%,respectively,when the larvae were submerged in the spore suspension;82.50% and 76.94%,respectively,when the larvae were smeared with the spore suspension;47.50% and 43.61%,respectively,when the tea tips were dipped in the suspension;and,52.50% and 48.61%,respectively,when the spore suspension was sprayed on the larvae.The immersing method also appeared to bring about the highest cadaver rates at 67.50% for JYBb201 and 57.50% for JYBb202.It was the same when the LT50 values were used for the comparison 3.510 d for JYBb201 and 3.808 d for JYBb202.
2012, 27(10): 1102-1105.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.015
Abstract:
In an area,where peanuts were infected by the scab disease,Sphaceloma arachidis,difenoconazole was sprayed to determine its effect on the disease control and agronomic characteristics of the plants.Number of applications and concentrations of the pesticide were varied for the experimentation.The results showed that,in comparison with the control,spraying twice yielded 79.85% effectiveness,which was 14.66% better than single applications.All difenoconazole treatments at different concentrations produced negative effects on the disease index,as well as the major agronomic characteristics of the peanuts.It was concluded that spraying a 10% difenoconazole WP(750 to 1 000 times) solution on the plants at the early stage of the infection could effectively control the scab diseases resulting in an improved yield.
In an area,where peanuts were infected by the scab disease,Sphaceloma arachidis,difenoconazole was sprayed to determine its effect on the disease control and agronomic characteristics of the plants.Number of applications and concentrations of the pesticide were varied for the experimentation.The results showed that,in comparison with the control,spraying twice yielded 79.85% effectiveness,which was 14.66% better than single applications.All difenoconazole treatments at different concentrations produced negative effects on the disease index,as well as the major agronomic characteristics of the peanuts.It was concluded that spraying a 10% difenoconazole WP(750 to 1 000 times) solution on the plants at the early stage of the infection could effectively control the scab diseases resulting in an improved yield.
2012, 27(10): 1106-1111.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.016
Abstract:
Functional components in the ethanol extraction of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX were determined by means of GC/MSD.Twenty four compounds were identified.Among them,12 displayed over 90% match with their respective standards.The relative contents of ethylparaben and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester were 24.28% and 19.78%,respectively.Their total contents were significantly higher than that of other substances other substances found in the analysis.These two compounds were speculated to be associated with the antibacterial activity of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX.The ethanol extraction of B.brevis FJAT-0809-GLX had an inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli K88,among them,the inhibition zone diameter of ethylparaben was 17.81 mm.It was also found to inhibit the activity of peroxidase(POD).According to their functions,the identified substances were classified as either antibacterial or volatile flavor compounds.
Functional components in the ethanol extraction of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX were determined by means of GC/MSD.Twenty four compounds were identified.Among them,12 displayed over 90% match with their respective standards.The relative contents of ethylparaben and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester were 24.28% and 19.78%,respectively.Their total contents were significantly higher than that of other substances other substances found in the analysis.These two compounds were speculated to be associated with the antibacterial activity of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX.The ethanol extraction of B.brevis FJAT-0809-GLX had an inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli K88,among them,the inhibition zone diameter of ethylparaben was 17.81 mm.It was also found to inhibit the activity of peroxidase(POD).According to their functions,the identified substances were classified as either antibacterial or volatile flavor compounds.
2012, 27(10): 1112-1119.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.017
Abstract:
LC/Q-TOF MS has been applied to the metabonomics analysis of Bacillus.Significant potential metabolic markers were developed by analyzing different species of Bacillus,hierarchical clustering and PCA analysis were used for classification of various Bacillus and PLS-DA prediction model was established.The results showed that there were statistical difference between Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis.Resultssuggested that metabonomics was a potential classable method to the identification of bacillus.
LC/Q-TOF MS has been applied to the metabonomics analysis of Bacillus.Significant potential metabolic markers were developed by analyzing different species of Bacillus,hierarchical clustering and PCA analysis were used for classification of various Bacillus and PLS-DA prediction model was established.The results showed that there were statistical difference between Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis.Resultssuggested that metabonomics was a potential classable method to the identification of bacillus.
2012, 27(10): 1120-1124.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.018
Abstract:
Soil plays an important role on the aroma of the tobacco leaves of the plants grown on it.Classifying soils according to their characteristics is the first step of the taxonomy that also provides the holographic ID to a soil.As one of the major tobacco-growing provinces in China,Fujian has fields that produce high quality tobaccos.Seventeen such typical tobacco fields in Yongding and Taining counties were thus selected for the classification.One Order,one Suborder(Stagnic Anthrosols),3 Groups,5 Subgroups,9 families and 9 series were resulted.The Fe-leaching-and Fe-accumulating-Stagnic Anthrosols soils produced tobacco leaves with more fresh scent than Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols.The acidity of the tobacco fields in Fujian is generally high(i.e.,pH<5.5) which could be improved by addition of lime or dolomite powder.
Soil plays an important role on the aroma of the tobacco leaves of the plants grown on it.Classifying soils according to their characteristics is the first step of the taxonomy that also provides the holographic ID to a soil.As one of the major tobacco-growing provinces in China,Fujian has fields that produce high quality tobaccos.Seventeen such typical tobacco fields in Yongding and Taining counties were thus selected for the classification.One Order,one Suborder(Stagnic Anthrosols),3 Groups,5 Subgroups,9 families and 9 series were resulted.The Fe-leaching-and Fe-accumulating-Stagnic Anthrosols soils produced tobacco leaves with more fresh scent than Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols.The acidity of the tobacco fields in Fujian is generally high(i.e.,pH<5.5) which could be improved by addition of lime or dolomite powder.
2012, 27(10): 1125-1129.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.019
Abstract:
The word "innovation" in technology means not only creating something new,the misunderstanding of which causes scientists' suspicion about the idea that the subject of technology innovation is enterprise.The scientists are thought to find and create new things,whereas the entrepreneurs are regarded to produce new products with updated technologies.The technology innovation should be considered as the whole producing process based on science and technology,including conception(science),design(technology),production(invention) and market(opportunity),which means innovation equals to discovery + invention + creation + production + commercialization,the total flow from investment to return.Enterprises play the main role in investment and return of technology innovation,technology innovation subject for short.Research is the main force for technology creation and researcher is the leader.In this article,the authors propose five "80%" to regulate the relationship between the main body enterprise in technology innovation and the main force research in technology creation during agricultural area as following:(1) 80% of agricultural research institutions should cooperate with companies;(2) 80% of research projects on agriculture should come from farming practice;(3) 80% of technological achievements in agriculture should make profit;(4) 80% agricultural research funds should invest in agricultural R & D institutions(including R & D institutions in enterprises);(5) 80% of the agricultural enterprises should found the joint R & D center with agricultural research institutions.Moreover,the whole process of agricultural research machanism innovation was in troduced with the project of seed Innovation and Industrialization in Fujian as a case.
The word "innovation" in technology means not only creating something new,the misunderstanding of which causes scientists' suspicion about the idea that the subject of technology innovation is enterprise.The scientists are thought to find and create new things,whereas the entrepreneurs are regarded to produce new products with updated technologies.The technology innovation should be considered as the whole producing process based on science and technology,including conception(science),design(technology),production(invention) and market(opportunity),which means innovation equals to discovery + invention + creation + production + commercialization,the total flow from investment to return.Enterprises play the main role in investment and return of technology innovation,technology innovation subject for short.Research is the main force for technology creation and researcher is the leader.In this article,the authors propose five "80%" to regulate the relationship between the main body enterprise in technology innovation and the main force research in technology creation during agricultural area as following:(1) 80% of agricultural research institutions should cooperate with companies;(2) 80% of research projects on agriculture should come from farming practice;(3) 80% of technological achievements in agriculture should make profit;(4) 80% agricultural research funds should invest in agricultural R & D institutions(including R & D institutions in enterprises);(5) 80% of the agricultural enterprises should found the joint R & D center with agricultural research institutions.Moreover,the whole process of agricultural research machanism innovation was in troduced with the project of seed Innovation and Industrialization in Fujian as a case.
2012, 27(10): 1130-1133.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.020
Abstract:
In this paper,we introduced principles and characteristics of the first,second and third generation of sequencing technology,then the applications of second sequencing technology were described.Because of complicated operation and high cost,the first generation DNA sequencing technology represented by Sanger sequencing method can not meet the needs of large-scale sequencing.The second generation DNA sequencing technology characterized by high-throughout and low cost including Solexa sequencing technology of Illumina,and Applied Biosystems SOLiD and Roche 454 now has been used in many fields of life science research.The third-generation sequencing technology which can sequence single DNA molecular has also been arisen,but not been widely used in life science research
In this paper,we introduced principles and characteristics of the first,second and third generation of sequencing technology,then the applications of second sequencing technology were described.Because of complicated operation and high cost,the first generation DNA sequencing technology represented by Sanger sequencing method can not meet the needs of large-scale sequencing.The second generation DNA sequencing technology characterized by high-throughout and low cost including Solexa sequencing technology of Illumina,and Applied Biosystems SOLiD and Roche 454 now has been used in many fields of life science research.The third-generation sequencing technology which can sequence single DNA molecular has also been arisen,but not been widely used in life science research
2012, 27(10): 1134-1138.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.021
Abstract:
The cooking and eating quality of rice has attracted an increasing number of attentions recently.Aromatic rice falls into the specialty category of cultivated rice and is playing a vital role in the international paddy rice trade market.Fragrance is the most important quality trait in super rice whose research has become a hot subject.This paper reviewed the current situation on the the genetic study of aromatic rice,identification of fragrant gene,molecular breeding of fragrant gene.Then it expressed the correlation study of sterile line breeding and breeding restorer lines for quasi-aromatic Hybrid Rice.In the meanwhile,it explained the selection and extension of quasi-aromatic Hybrid Rice.The paper also analysed systematically about the existing problems in the research of aromatic rice.Also it maked the future expectation of the related research of aromatic rice.In conclusion,based on the related documents provided,we wish to offer some new angles in the deeply research of aromatic rice.
The cooking and eating quality of rice has attracted an increasing number of attentions recently.Aromatic rice falls into the specialty category of cultivated rice and is playing a vital role in the international paddy rice trade market.Fragrance is the most important quality trait in super rice whose research has become a hot subject.This paper reviewed the current situation on the the genetic study of aromatic rice,identification of fragrant gene,molecular breeding of fragrant gene.Then it expressed the correlation study of sterile line breeding and breeding restorer lines for quasi-aromatic Hybrid Rice.In the meanwhile,it explained the selection and extension of quasi-aromatic Hybrid Rice.The paper also analysed systematically about the existing problems in the research of aromatic rice.Also it maked the future expectation of the related research of aromatic rice.In conclusion,based on the related documents provided,we wish to offer some new angles in the deeply research of aromatic rice.
2012, 27(10): 1139-1145.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.022
Abstract:
Effects of soil fertility and fertilization on the tea plantations in Fujian were discussed.With the generous applications of fertilizers,almost no tea plantations were found to be deficient in N.Some even substantially surpassed the threshold amount.The cases of P and K deficiencies were declining,as the lack of K continued to be pronounced in the region.The amounts of Pb and Hg in the soil were more than average.The available Mn and Cu in certain areas were rather low.The appropriate rate of N fertilization for a tea plantation was 185.0-350 kg·km-2,while N∶P∶K ratio to be 2∶1∶1.By combing organic and synthetic fertilizers,superior results were obtained as compared to using the synthetic fertilizer alone.Based on the current status,some possible means to improve the soil feritilty in the province through the construction of appropriate farming system,establishment of adequate irrigation and drainage projects,and/or application of grass mulching,agricultural wastes recycling and green manure were proposed.
Effects of soil fertility and fertilization on the tea plantations in Fujian were discussed.With the generous applications of fertilizers,almost no tea plantations were found to be deficient in N.Some even substantially surpassed the threshold amount.The cases of P and K deficiencies were declining,as the lack of K continued to be pronounced in the region.The amounts of Pb and Hg in the soil were more than average.The available Mn and Cu in certain areas were rather low.The appropriate rate of N fertilization for a tea plantation was 185.0-350 kg·km-2,while N∶P∶K ratio to be 2∶1∶1.By combing organic and synthetic fertilizers,superior results were obtained as compared to using the synthetic fertilizer alone.Based on the current status,some possible means to improve the soil feritilty in the province through the construction of appropriate farming system,establishment of adequate irrigation and drainage projects,and/or application of grass mulching,agricultural wastes recycling and green manure were proposed.
2012, 27(10): 1146-1149.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.10.023
Abstract:
This experimentation compared the fruiting of Agaricus bisporus spawn from wheat kernel and non-wheat kernel media by cultivating the mushrooms on an expanded perlite based bed.Time for mycelia running,fruiting bodies occurrence and mushroom production in the compost-and-casing-soil bed were observed.The results showed that the A bisporus spawn from non-kernel medium grew normally with a similar productivity as its counterpart.
This experimentation compared the fruiting of Agaricus bisporus spawn from wheat kernel and non-wheat kernel media by cultivating the mushrooms on an expanded perlite based bed.Time for mycelia running,fruiting bodies occurrence and mushroom production in the compost-and-casing-soil bed were observed.The results showed that the A bisporus spawn from non-kernel medium grew normally with a similar productivity as its counterpart.
