2011 Vol. 26, No. 3
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2011, 26(3): 415-419.
Abstract:
The parameters of a life table with an experimental population of Amblysieus swirskii(Athias-Henriot)were studied.At 6 constant temperatures(i.e.,15℃,18℃,20℃,25℃,30℃ and 35℃),A.swirskii were fed on Tetranychus truncatus(Ehara)to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing the predatory mites to control the spider mites.The in-laboratory experiments showed that,at 15℃,the predatory mite could develop,but its survival rate was less than 43.33%,and there were irregularities observed in its egg-laying.The temperature range of 18-35℃ was considered appropriate for the predatory mite's development.And,within the range,the time for A.swirskii to develop shortened as the temperature rose-the longest(31.50 days)at 15℃ and shortest(5.75days)at 35℃ for the females,and the longest(20.00 days)at 15℃ and shortest(3.96 days)at 35℃ for the males.The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase(rm = 0.1976)and the highest finite rate of increase(λ=1.2185)were observed at 35℃.The highest sex ratio(1.73:1)and the highest net reproductive rate(R0=36.8600)were found at 25℃.And,the highest mean number of eggs(57.60 eggs per female)occurred at 25℃.
The parameters of a life table with an experimental population of Amblysieus swirskii(Athias-Henriot)were studied.At 6 constant temperatures(i.e.,15℃,18℃,20℃,25℃,30℃ and 35℃),A.swirskii were fed on Tetranychus truncatus(Ehara)to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing the predatory mites to control the spider mites.The in-laboratory experiments showed that,at 15℃,the predatory mite could develop,but its survival rate was less than 43.33%,and there were irregularities observed in its egg-laying.The temperature range of 18-35℃ was considered appropriate for the predatory mite's development.And,within the range,the time for A.swirskii to develop shortened as the temperature rose-the longest(31.50 days)at 15℃ and shortest(5.75days)at 35℃ for the females,and the longest(20.00 days)at 15℃ and shortest(3.96 days)at 35℃ for the males.The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase(rm = 0.1976)and the highest finite rate of increase(λ=1.2185)were observed at 35℃.The highest sex ratio(1.73:1)and the highest net reproductive rate(R0=36.8600)were found at 25℃.And,the highest mean number of eggs(57.60 eggs per female)occurred at 25℃.
2011, 26(3): 424-431.
Abstract:
The stem-dipping of rice stalks was used to determine the susceptibility of Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)to 6 insecticides.Different field populations collected from 3 regions in Fujian from 2009 to 2010 were used for the study.The experiment was conducted by spraying the insecticides during the beginning of the peak N.lugens nymph-hatching in the late-rice growing field at Xianyou County.The results showed that the susceptibility of N.lugens nymphs to insecticides decreased with the insect's age.The toxicity of nitenpyram to N.lugens was the highest among the 6 insecticides.The LC50 on the 2nd,3rd and 4-5th instar nyphms of N.lugens populations were 0.9417-1.0167 mg·L-1,1.187 2-1.341 0 mg·L-1 and 1.6102-1.9370 mg·L-1,respectively.Isoprocarb exhibited the lowest toxicity among all insecticides tested,with LC50 on 2nd,3rd and 4-5th instar nyphms of 37.118 3-46.7335 mg·L-1,45.924 1-56.9504 mg·L-1 and 50.993 8-70.1912 mg·L-1,respectively.The insecticide resistance to imidacloprid of the N.lugens population in Fuzhou was considered high,and the population in Longhai and Xianyou extremely high;and,that of all 3 N.lugens populations moderate to thiamethoxam,buprofezin and isoprocarb.All 3 populations were susceptible to nitenpyram.Among the 6 insecticides,nitenpyram and isoprocarb exhibited a control effect on the field populations of N.lugens more rapidly than the others.But,the control effect of nitenpyram and pymetrozine lasted longer than that of the others.In the beginning of the peak N.lugens nymph-hatching,imidacloprid was effective with a dosage of 30-45 g(a.i.)hm-2.In recent years,the serious insecticide resistance and the declined efficacy of imidacloprid,long-term applications to control N.lugens with large dose have become inappropriate and inpractical.Alternative strategies,such as alternating and rotating the use of different insecticides,need to be explored.It was postulated that nitenpyram and/or pymetrozine could be the candidates as replacements for imidacloprid.
The stem-dipping of rice stalks was used to determine the susceptibility of Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)to 6 insecticides.Different field populations collected from 3 regions in Fujian from 2009 to 2010 were used for the study.The experiment was conducted by spraying the insecticides during the beginning of the peak N.lugens nymph-hatching in the late-rice growing field at Xianyou County.The results showed that the susceptibility of N.lugens nymphs to insecticides decreased with the insect's age.The toxicity of nitenpyram to N.lugens was the highest among the 6 insecticides.The LC50 on the 2nd,3rd and 4-5th instar nyphms of N.lugens populations were 0.9417-1.0167 mg·L-1,1.187 2-1.341 0 mg·L-1 and 1.6102-1.9370 mg·L-1,respectively.Isoprocarb exhibited the lowest toxicity among all insecticides tested,with LC50 on 2nd,3rd and 4-5th instar nyphms of 37.118 3-46.7335 mg·L-1,45.924 1-56.9504 mg·L-1 and 50.993 8-70.1912 mg·L-1,respectively.The insecticide resistance to imidacloprid of the N.lugens population in Fuzhou was considered high,and the population in Longhai and Xianyou extremely high;and,that of all 3 N.lugens populations moderate to thiamethoxam,buprofezin and isoprocarb.All 3 populations were susceptible to nitenpyram.Among the 6 insecticides,nitenpyram and isoprocarb exhibited a control effect on the field populations of N.lugens more rapidly than the others.But,the control effect of nitenpyram and pymetrozine lasted longer than that of the others.In the beginning of the peak N.lugens nymph-hatching,imidacloprid was effective with a dosage of 30-45 g(a.i.)hm-2.In recent years,the serious insecticide resistance and the declined efficacy of imidacloprid,long-term applications to control N.lugens with large dose have become inappropriate and inpractical.Alternative strategies,such as alternating and rotating the use of different insecticides,need to be explored.It was postulated that nitenpyram and/or pymetrozine could be the candidates as replacements for imidacloprid.
2011, 26(3): 440-445.
Abstract:
Inorganic ions in plants can be determined by using the near-infrared spectral(NIRS)technique,because they combine with the organic groups that have NIRS absorptions.The present study explored the feasability of applying near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry for rapid determination of Cu,Zn and Cd contents in sweet potato leaves and stems.Sixty-seven leaf and same number of stem samples were collected from sweet potato plants grown under different fertilizations.The partial least square method was used for calibrating spectral data with their corrsponding water,protein,Cd,Cu and Zn contents of the sweet potatoes.The results showed that the established models could rapidly predict the contents of Cu,Cd and Zn in the leaves and stems.However,the model needed to be refined further for accurate applications.
Inorganic ions in plants can be determined by using the near-infrared spectral(NIRS)technique,because they combine with the organic groups that have NIRS absorptions.The present study explored the feasability of applying near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry for rapid determination of Cu,Zn and Cd contents in sweet potato leaves and stems.Sixty-seven leaf and same number of stem samples were collected from sweet potato plants grown under different fertilizations.The partial least square method was used for calibrating spectral data with their corrsponding water,protein,Cd,Cu and Zn contents of the sweet potatoes.The results showed that the established models could rapidly predict the contents of Cu,Cd and Zn in the leaves and stems.However,the model needed to be refined further for accurate applications.
2011, 26(3): 457-461.
Abstract:
A lectin was extracted and purified from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus strain 2796.The procedures included PBS extraction followed by precipitation with 40%-60%(NH4)2SO4 and filtration with DEAE-Sepharose fast flow ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography.The purified protein showed a band in SDS-PAGE with the subunit molecular weight of 15.7kDa.The relative molecular mass of the AS2796 lectin was 64.1kDa,as determined by the gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column.Four different isoelectric forms with pIs of 6.62,5.92,5.69 and 5.57 were separated by IEF-PAGE.The AS2796 lectin was stable under high temperatures.Its agglutinating activity did not decline significantly after heating at 80℃ for 10 minutes,and maintained at high level at pH 3.0-10.0.In addition,the activity was not found to be divalent metal ion-dependent.
A lectin was extracted and purified from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus strain 2796.The procedures included PBS extraction followed by precipitation with 40%-60%(NH4)2SO4 and filtration with DEAE-Sepharose fast flow ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography.The purified protein showed a band in SDS-PAGE with the subunit molecular weight of 15.7kDa.The relative molecular mass of the AS2796 lectin was 64.1kDa,as determined by the gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column.Four different isoelectric forms with pIs of 6.62,5.92,5.69 and 5.57 were separated by IEF-PAGE.The AS2796 lectin was stable under high temperatures.Its agglutinating activity did not decline significantly after heating at 80℃ for 10 minutes,and maintained at high level at pH 3.0-10.0.In addition,the activity was not found to be divalent metal ion-dependent.
2011, 26(3): 462-465.
Abstract:
Rennet casein is a major raw material for making processed cheese.The research of its industrialization is still at preliminary stage in China.In this paper,its process parameters and application performance was studied.Rennet casein was prepared from the fresh skim milk with coagulant of self-prepared Mucor Pusilius rennet by the procedure of skimming,pasteurization,clotting,cooking,whey separation,washing,drying,milling and sieving.The results indicated that although the yield of rennet casein was not significantly affected by the dosage of rennet,pH of milk and cooking temperature,its functionality of melt ability,free oil,stretch ability,and oil binding capacity et al.was significantly affected by different cooking temperature.The optimized process parameters for the preparation of rennet casein is dosage of milk 1U·mL-1,clotting pH 6.6 and cooking temperature 60℃.Under this condition,the yield of rennet casein was 2.1%.
Rennet casein is a major raw material for making processed cheese.The research of its industrialization is still at preliminary stage in China.In this paper,its process parameters and application performance was studied.Rennet casein was prepared from the fresh skim milk with coagulant of self-prepared Mucor Pusilius rennet by the procedure of skimming,pasteurization,clotting,cooking,whey separation,washing,drying,milling and sieving.The results indicated that although the yield of rennet casein was not significantly affected by the dosage of rennet,pH of milk and cooking temperature,its functionality of melt ability,free oil,stretch ability,and oil binding capacity et al.was significantly affected by different cooking temperature.The optimized process parameters for the preparation of rennet casein is dosage of milk 1U·mL-1,clotting pH 6.6 and cooking temperature 60℃.Under this condition,the yield of rennet casein was 2.1%.
2011, 26(3): 466-469.
Abstract:
This article discusses the start,effect and development of the Aquacultuze industry in Zhangzhou.The industry was initially started based upon the agricultural cooperation between Zhangzhou and Taiwan.The needs and success of the cooperation was largely due to the geographic proximity and cultural similarities of the two localities.The geo-cultural advantages,complementarity of resources,stage of industrial development and other factors contributed to the continual success.The authors also presented recommendations to overcome existing obsticles and envisioned direction for future development.
This article discusses the start,effect and development of the Aquacultuze industry in Zhangzhou.The industry was initially started based upon the agricultural cooperation between Zhangzhou and Taiwan.The needs and success of the cooperation was largely due to the geographic proximity and cultural similarities of the two localities.The geo-cultural advantages,complementarity of resources,stage of industrial development and other factors contributed to the continual success.The authors also presented recommendations to overcome existing obsticles and envisioned direction for future development.
2011, 26(3): 475-484.
Abstract:
This report presents the statistics on the papers published in FJAS from 1986 to 2010.In summary,(1)the number of papers published was on an upward trend reaching an annual average of 142.5 in recent years,after the journal became a bimonthly publication in 2009;(2)in total,16,189 references were cited in the past 15 years,averaging 10.7 references per paper-a significant increase from 13.0 to 16.2 during 2007 to 2010;(3)the frequency of articles being cited by other publications and the citation half-life increased,indicating an increasing impact of FJAS in the academic arena over the years;(4)the proportion of papers that were funded(mostly financially supported by the national and provincial sources)grew sharply and reached 87.0% in 2010;(5)between 1986 and 2010,a total of 6,191 authors published 1,508 papers,averaging 4.11 co-authors per paper(i.e.,an overall increase from 3.04 in 1986 to 4.54 in 2010);(6)the first authors were mainly 15-to 35-year-old middle to upper level professionals with advanced degrees;and,(7)in 2010,66% of the authors were first-timers,which was close to the optinum of 64%.
This report presents the statistics on the papers published in FJAS from 1986 to 2010.In summary,(1)the number of papers published was on an upward trend reaching an annual average of 142.5 in recent years,after the journal became a bimonthly publication in 2009;(2)in total,16,189 references were cited in the past 15 years,averaging 10.7 references per paper-a significant increase from 13.0 to 16.2 during 2007 to 2010;(3)the frequency of articles being cited by other publications and the citation half-life increased,indicating an increasing impact of FJAS in the academic arena over the years;(4)the proportion of papers that were funded(mostly financially supported by the national and provincial sources)grew sharply and reached 87.0% in 2010;(5)between 1986 and 2010,a total of 6,191 authors published 1,508 papers,averaging 4.11 co-authors per paper(i.e.,an overall increase from 3.04 in 1986 to 4.54 in 2010);(6)the first authors were mainly 15-to 35-year-old middle to upper level professionals with advanced degrees;and,(7)in 2010,66% of the authors were first-timers,which was close to the optinum of 64%.
2011, 26(3): 485-489.
Abstract:
Fujian Province Natural Science Foundation funded projects from 1998 to 2007 were used as study objects,this paper analyzes funded the intensity of the breadth,talent training,conclusion management,subjects construction and other multi-disciplinary perspective for statistical analysis.Discuss the problems found in the operation of Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation combined with the specific economic and social conditions and try to give the corresponding solution to the problems,improve fund management.
Fujian Province Natural Science Foundation funded projects from 1998 to 2007 were used as study objects,this paper analyzes funded the intensity of the breadth,talent training,conclusion management,subjects construction and other multi-disciplinary perspective for statistical analysis.Discuss the problems found in the operation of Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation combined with the specific economic and social conditions and try to give the corresponding solution to the problems,improve fund management.
2011, 26(3): 498-503.
Abstract:
Carbon storage and sequestration potential of a cropland soil are key factors in assessing emission reduction of greenhouse gas.In this paper,the carbon sequestration potential of croplands in China was analysed based on the topsoil's organic carbon content.Studies showed that the overall organic carbon content of the cropland topsoil in China was on the rise.In both paddy field and dry land soils,the organic carbon content increased significantly over the years.And,the capacity to sequester carbon dioxide of the paddy fields was much stronger than that of the dry land.The soil's carbon sequestration potentials differed depending upon the environment.On a macro-scale,the sequestration science,dynamics,environment and aggregative model have been applied to study the soil's carbon sequestration potential,so as to understand the various roles of the factors in search for means to better manage the soil carbon.
Carbon storage and sequestration potential of a cropland soil are key factors in assessing emission reduction of greenhouse gas.In this paper,the carbon sequestration potential of croplands in China was analysed based on the topsoil's organic carbon content.Studies showed that the overall organic carbon content of the cropland topsoil in China was on the rise.In both paddy field and dry land soils,the organic carbon content increased significantly over the years.And,the capacity to sequester carbon dioxide of the paddy fields was much stronger than that of the dry land.The soil's carbon sequestration potentials differed depending upon the environment.On a macro-scale,the sequestration science,dynamics,environment and aggregative model have been applied to study the soil's carbon sequestration potential,so as to understand the various roles of the factors in search for means to better manage the soil carbon.
2011, 26(3): 420-423.
Abstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the weed-control efficiency of Flumetsulam for sugarcane plantation and effect of its application on succession crops in the field.The rate of 480 g1 Flumetsulam SC was applied in accordance to the pesticide-guidelines for the experimentation.Effects of the application on sugarcane and the succession crops of rice,corn and Shanghaiqing cabbage were determined.The results showed that the controlling efficiencies on major weeds,such as Digitaria sanguinalis(Linn.)Scop,Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.var.hispidula(retz.)Hack,Eleusine indica(Linn.)Gaertn,Centipeda minima(Linn.)A.Br.et Aschers,Solva anthemifolia(Juss.)R.Br.,Mazus japonicus(Thumb.)O.Kuntze,Ageratum conzoides L.,Cardamine hirsute Linn,Polygonum aviculare L.,Fimbristylis aestuvalis(Retz)Vahlhirdute,Portulaca oleracea Linn.and Cyperus rotundus Linn.,were greater than 88% after a 15-day treatment,and 95% after a 30-day treatment.Furthermore,the fresh weight control efficency was more than 95% after a 30-day treatment.The three succession crops,i.e.,rice,corn and cabbage,grew normally in 14 months after the treatment.No significant difference on the crops'production was observed as compared to the control.
This study aimed to evaluate the weed-control efficiency of Flumetsulam for sugarcane plantation and effect of its application on succession crops in the field.The rate of 480 g1 Flumetsulam SC was applied in accordance to the pesticide-guidelines for the experimentation.Effects of the application on sugarcane and the succession crops of rice,corn and Shanghaiqing cabbage were determined.The results showed that the controlling efficiencies on major weeds,such as Digitaria sanguinalis(Linn.)Scop,Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.var.hispidula(retz.)Hack,Eleusine indica(Linn.)Gaertn,Centipeda minima(Linn.)A.Br.et Aschers,Solva anthemifolia(Juss.)R.Br.,Mazus japonicus(Thumb.)O.Kuntze,Ageratum conzoides L.,Cardamine hirsute Linn,Polygonum aviculare L.,Fimbristylis aestuvalis(Retz)Vahlhirdute,Portulaca oleracea Linn.and Cyperus rotundus Linn.,were greater than 88% after a 15-day treatment,and 95% after a 30-day treatment.Furthermore,the fresh weight control efficency was more than 95% after a 30-day treatment.The three succession crops,i.e.,rice,corn and cabbage,grew normally in 14 months after the treatment.No significant difference on the crops'production was observed as compared to the control.
2011, 26(3): 432-439.
Abstract:
Based on the results of field experiments on the vegetables'response to N,P and K,soil fertilization indices of available N,P and K in vegetable gardens in Fujian were established.Soil fertility of the croplands was classified as high,medium and low grades according to the vegetable yield from 148 field experiments conducted in a test area.The results showed that the average contribution rate of soil nutrients to the growth of vegetables was(50.9?12.8)%.It decreased significantly when the soil fertility declined.A significant linear relationship existed between the yield on the control and fertilized areas.Leafy vegetables,melon,fruits,root-stock and onion-type vegetables were used in this study.Their yields increased significantly in response to the NPK fertilization.The effect of the NPK application increased significantly as the soil fertility declined.The extent and net gain from N fertilization were significantly greater than those from K,and those from K significantly greater than those from P.The value/cost ratios(VCRs)of N fertilization for leafy and onion-type vegetables were significantly higher than those of P or K.The VCRs of P for the root-stock vegetables,melon and fruits were significantly higher than those of N and P.The critical application levels of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K to achieve high yield for leafy vegetables were found to be 243 mgg-1,52 mgg-1 and 150 mgg-1,respectively.And those for other vegetables were 276 mgg-1,47 mgg-1 and 132 mgg-1,respectively.These recommended application levels were all significantly higher than for grains and oil crops.The results provided a scientific basis for soil evaluation and fertilization optimization for vegetable gardens in Fujian.
Based on the results of field experiments on the vegetables'response to N,P and K,soil fertilization indices of available N,P and K in vegetable gardens in Fujian were established.Soil fertility of the croplands was classified as high,medium and low grades according to the vegetable yield from 148 field experiments conducted in a test area.The results showed that the average contribution rate of soil nutrients to the growth of vegetables was(50.9?12.8)%.It decreased significantly when the soil fertility declined.A significant linear relationship existed between the yield on the control and fertilized areas.Leafy vegetables,melon,fruits,root-stock and onion-type vegetables were used in this study.Their yields increased significantly in response to the NPK fertilization.The effect of the NPK application increased significantly as the soil fertility declined.The extent and net gain from N fertilization were significantly greater than those from K,and those from K significantly greater than those from P.The value/cost ratios(VCRs)of N fertilization for leafy and onion-type vegetables were significantly higher than those of P or K.The VCRs of P for the root-stock vegetables,melon and fruits were significantly higher than those of N and P.The critical application levels of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K to achieve high yield for leafy vegetables were found to be 243 mgg-1,52 mgg-1 and 150 mgg-1,respectively.And those for other vegetables were 276 mgg-1,47 mgg-1 and 132 mgg-1,respectively.These recommended application levels were all significantly higher than for grains and oil crops.The results provided a scientific basis for soil evaluation and fertilization optimization for vegetable gardens in Fujian.
2011, 26(3): 446-449.
Abstract:
Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),50 soils samples were collected from 50 different areas swine farms in Fujian province,which were measured the concentration of arsenic(As),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn).The results showed that,the average concentration of arsenic in 50 samples was 6.55 mgg-1,none of them is above the standard level(30 mgg-1).Meanwhile,the average concentration of cooper was 90.67 mgg-1,but there were 19 samples were above the standard level(100 mgg-1)and the over standard rate is 38%.The average concentration of zinc was 311.67 mgg-1,but there were 14 samples were above the standard level(400 mgg-1)and the over standard rate is 28%.Among them the most severe contamination area was Nanping,the over standard rate for Cu and Zn is 66.67% and 44.44% respectively.The results conclude that with the local standard of Fujian Province(DB 35/562-2008),the concentration of arsenic in swine farms was under controlled,but we must noticed that the concentration of cooper and zinc were much higher than standard,which may cause environmental pollution and ecological damage.This result suggesting that we should strengthen the detection and monitor for copper and zinc in swine feed and veterinary formulations,and take the road of resource saving and environment-friendly farming.
Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),50 soils samples were collected from 50 different areas swine farms in Fujian province,which were measured the concentration of arsenic(As),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn).The results showed that,the average concentration of arsenic in 50 samples was 6.55 mgg-1,none of them is above the standard level(30 mgg-1).Meanwhile,the average concentration of cooper was 90.67 mgg-1,but there were 19 samples were above the standard level(100 mgg-1)and the over standard rate is 38%.The average concentration of zinc was 311.67 mgg-1,but there were 14 samples were above the standard level(400 mgg-1)and the over standard rate is 28%.Among them the most severe contamination area was Nanping,the over standard rate for Cu and Zn is 66.67% and 44.44% respectively.The results conclude that with the local standard of Fujian Province(DB 35/562-2008),the concentration of arsenic in swine farms was under controlled,but we must noticed that the concentration of cooper and zinc were much higher than standard,which may cause environmental pollution and ecological damage.This result suggesting that we should strengthen the detection and monitor for copper and zinc in swine feed and veterinary formulations,and take the road of resource saving and environment-friendly farming.
2011, 26(3): 450-456.
Abstract:
Two lactic acid strains FJAT-7926 and FJAT-7928,which had been screened as promising fermentation agents for bean yoghurt beverage,were identified and characterized in the present work.Observation under scanning and transmission electron microscope showed that both strains were rod-shaped,gram-negative and catalase-negative without spores.According to their physiological and bio-chemical properties,FJAT-7926 and FJAT-7928 were similar to Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei,respectively.The similarities were also indicated with phylogenetic tree of FJAT-7926 and FJAT-7928 based on their 16S rDNA sequences.In the soybean yoghurt prepared by co-fermentation of the two lactic acid strains on bean mild,the viable cell number of the bacteria strains were 4.95108cfuL-1.The pH value,acidity,content of protein of the soybean yoghurt were 4.28,71.3 and 1.62 gg-1,respectively.
Two lactic acid strains FJAT-7926 and FJAT-7928,which had been screened as promising fermentation agents for bean yoghurt beverage,were identified and characterized in the present work.Observation under scanning and transmission electron microscope showed that both strains were rod-shaped,gram-negative and catalase-negative without spores.According to their physiological and bio-chemical properties,FJAT-7926 and FJAT-7928 were similar to Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei,respectively.The similarities were also indicated with phylogenetic tree of FJAT-7926 and FJAT-7928 based on their 16S rDNA sequences.In the soybean yoghurt prepared by co-fermentation of the two lactic acid strains on bean mild,the viable cell number of the bacteria strains were 4.95108cfuL-1.The pH value,acidity,content of protein of the soybean yoghurt were 4.28,71.3 and 1.62 gg-1,respectively.
2011, 26(3): 470-474.
Abstract:
Low-carbon economy has become a global hot spot,known as the Fourth Technological Revolution under global climate change.At present,greenhouse gas emissions have already imperiled agriculture and food security.Low-carbon agriculture becomes the inevitable trend of economic and social development.Currently,the concept of low-carbon agriculture has turned from scientific theory to practices,including its approach to development:(1)development of new energy resources,promoting clean technologies;(2)optimize the farming systems,raising multiple cropping index;(3)develop and popularize fine varieties to extend the chain of emission reduction;(4)improve the fertilization techniques,optimize the nutrient management;(5)implementation of conservation tillage,reduce carbon loss;(6)rational development of grass industry,protection of grassland resources;(7)development of bio-energy resources,raising the application of cattle manure;(8)farming pollution remediation and extending scale livestock breeding.Safeguard mechanisms of the low-carbon agriculture development include:(1)improve relevant laws and regulations;(2)the adjustment of economic growth mode;(3)rely on scientific and technological progress;(4)increase public participation.Development of low-carbon agriculture is important for sustainable use of resources and enhanced the agriculture foundation,through agricultural measures to mitigate global climate change has important strategic significance.
Low-carbon economy has become a global hot spot,known as the Fourth Technological Revolution under global climate change.At present,greenhouse gas emissions have already imperiled agriculture and food security.Low-carbon agriculture becomes the inevitable trend of economic and social development.Currently,the concept of low-carbon agriculture has turned from scientific theory to practices,including its approach to development:(1)development of new energy resources,promoting clean technologies;(2)optimize the farming systems,raising multiple cropping index;(3)develop and popularize fine varieties to extend the chain of emission reduction;(4)improve the fertilization techniques,optimize the nutrient management;(5)implementation of conservation tillage,reduce carbon loss;(6)rational development of grass industry,protection of grassland resources;(7)development of bio-energy resources,raising the application of cattle manure;(8)farming pollution remediation and extending scale livestock breeding.Safeguard mechanisms of the low-carbon agriculture development include:(1)improve relevant laws and regulations;(2)the adjustment of economic growth mode;(3)rely on scientific and technological progress;(4)increase public participation.Development of low-carbon agriculture is important for sustainable use of resources and enhanced the agriculture foundation,through agricultural measures to mitigate global climate change has important strategic significance.
2011, 26(3): 490-497.
Abstract:
This paper reviews the effects of N,P,K and micronutrients on peanut's physiological characteristics,yield and quality.It also disscusses the relationship between biotechnology and fertilization,as well as current issues and directions for future studies in the areas of fertilizing technique,fertilizers,breeding and cropping systems.In the area of fertilizing,scientific applications should be emphysized for future studies.New and existing fertilizers applied should be scrutinized with careful evaluation.In the breeding of peanuts,diversification of selection and search for new varieties should be focussed.On the development of cropping systems,the environmental and ecological conditions and requirements of a specific locality should be considered with high priority.
This paper reviews the effects of N,P,K and micronutrients on peanut's physiological characteristics,yield and quality.It also disscusses the relationship between biotechnology and fertilization,as well as current issues and directions for future studies in the areas of fertilizing technique,fertilizers,breeding and cropping systems.In the area of fertilizing,scientific applications should be emphysized for future studies.New and existing fertilizers applied should be scrutinized with careful evaluation.In the breeding of peanuts,diversification of selection and search for new varieties should be focussed.On the development of cropping systems,the environmental and ecological conditions and requirements of a specific locality should be considered with high priority.
2011, 26(3): 504-506.
Abstract:
The single screw dry extruder(EXT-155G)processing experiments were carried out to investigate the urea's effect on the melamine residue in extruded soybean powder with three level of urea [0%(control group),0.5% and 1.0%] respectively.The melamine residue in the samples of different groups before and after extruded for the mean T test by SPSS 17.0.The randomized trial results showed that the melamine residue in the experiments(supply with urea)before and after extruded has significant difference(P0.01).In summary,it suggested that soybean powder with urea in the dry extrusion process can increase the melamine residue.
The single screw dry extruder(EXT-155G)processing experiments were carried out to investigate the urea's effect on the melamine residue in extruded soybean powder with three level of urea [0%(control group),0.5% and 1.0%] respectively.The melamine residue in the samples of different groups before and after extruded for the mean T test by SPSS 17.0.The randomized trial results showed that the melamine residue in the experiments(supply with urea)before and after extruded has significant difference(P0.01).In summary,it suggested that soybean powder with urea in the dry extrusion process can increase the melamine residue.
