2005 Vol. 20, No. 3
Display Method:
2005, 20(3): 133-135.
Abstract:
Rongshu 201 is a new sweet potato variety developed by polycrossing among Helanshu and Jinshan 57, Rongshu416.or Jinshan 93.The new variety characters high and stable yield, good quality and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacarium.It exhibited well productivity in Fuzhou, Putian and so on.
Rongshu 201 is a new sweet potato variety developed by polycrossing among Helanshu and Jinshan 57, Rongshu416.or Jinshan 93.The new variety characters high and stable yield, good quality and resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacarium.It exhibited well productivity in Fuzhou, Putian and so on.
2005, 20(3): 136-138.
Abstract:
The toxicities of eight insecticides to Bactrocera sp.adult were evaluated by vial residual method, and those of its pupas were tested by dipping it in the laboratory.The order of toxicities of eight insecticides to the adult of Bactrocera sp.was chlopyrifosbeta-cypermethrinavermectinazadirachtinmatrinecarbosulfan fenpropathrinimidacloprid.The toxicities of five insecticides to the pupas of Bactrocera sp.in the order of decreasing were chlopyrifos methomylphoximdichlorvos trichlorphon.
The toxicities of eight insecticides to Bactrocera sp.adult were evaluated by vial residual method, and those of its pupas were tested by dipping it in the laboratory.The order of toxicities of eight insecticides to the adult of Bactrocera sp.was chlopyrifosbeta-cypermethrinavermectinazadirachtinmatrinecarbosulfan fenpropathrinimidacloprid.The toxicities of five insecticides to the pupas of Bactrocera sp.in the order of decreasing were chlopyrifos methomylphoximdichlorvos trichlorphon.
2005, 20(3): 139-141.
Abstract:
Biochemical nematicide Weixianke was applied to control sweet potato stem nematode in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province.The results showed that the average decrement of population of Ditylenchus distructor was 89.44%, average control efficiency on D.distructor was 76.08%, the yield of sweet potato increased 607.25%.The studies indicated that Weixianke possesses the prospect in controlling nematode instead of chemical nematicide.
Biochemical nematicide Weixianke was applied to control sweet potato stem nematode in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province.The results showed that the average decrement of population of Ditylenchus distructor was 89.44%, average control efficiency on D.distructor was 76.08%, the yield of sweet potato increased 607.25%.The studies indicated that Weixianke possesses the prospect in controlling nematode instead of chemical nematicide.
2005, 20(3): 142-145.
Abstract:
To study the effects of dietary supplementation for yeast chromium, sixty dairy cows with an average daily milking 26.00 kg at 170 day after calving were divided into 5 groups, the milk yield and component were evaluated, and the plasma hormones were assessed- The level of supplementation was 0.35, 0.70, 1.05 and 1.40 mg ·kg-1as yeast chromium in concentrates for treatment Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, respectively, and non-chromium applied was control group.Results showed that:Ⅰ There were no significant effects on daily milking, fat corrected milk (FCM), and the content of milk fat, protein, and solid compounds (P0.05) for all treatment groups.Ⅱ The chromium content in milk was lower than 0.30mg · kg-1, which met the national standard for fresh milk (NY 5045-2001).③ Comparing with control group, FT3 content in treatment Ⅳ was reduced significantly (P 0.05), but observed only a tendency of decreasing in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ (P0.05).Moreover, supplementation of chromium had no significant effects on FT4, cortisol and insulin (P0.05).
To study the effects of dietary supplementation for yeast chromium, sixty dairy cows with an average daily milking 26.00 kg at 170 day after calving were divided into 5 groups, the milk yield and component were evaluated, and the plasma hormones were assessed- The level of supplementation was 0.35, 0.70, 1.05 and 1.40 mg ·kg-1as yeast chromium in concentrates for treatment Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, respectively, and non-chromium applied was control group.Results showed that:Ⅰ There were no significant effects on daily milking, fat corrected milk (FCM), and the content of milk fat, protein, and solid compounds (P0.05) for all treatment groups.Ⅱ The chromium content in milk was lower than 0.30mg · kg-1, which met the national standard for fresh milk (NY 5045-2001).③ Comparing with control group, FT3 content in treatment Ⅳ was reduced significantly (P 0.05), but observed only a tendency of decreasing in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ (P0.05).Moreover, supplementation of chromium had no significant effects on FT4, cortisol and insulin (P0.05).
2005, 20(3): 146-148.
Abstract:
Some biological characteristics of paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1) isolated from muscovy duck, hemi-muscovy duck, penguin, pig and chicken were studied.Their haemagglutination range, haemagglutination titre.ELD50 to SPF chicken embryo and the pathogenicities to chicks and ducklings were detected respectively.The results showed that the haemagglutination ranges and litres of 5 isolates to red blood cell of 16 animals and person of O blood type were different, and the haemagglutination litres of them ranged from 24to 211, their ELD50 were 10-1~10-9.5, their MDT were from 51.0 hours to 113.4 hours,the ICPI of them were from 0 to 1.83,the palhogenicities of this viruses to Hyline cockerel were 62.5%, 8.3%, 54.2%, 12.5% and 95.8% respectively,and those to muscovy ducklings were 60%, 0, 53.3%, 0 and 86.7% respectively.
Some biological characteristics of paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1) isolated from muscovy duck, hemi-muscovy duck, penguin, pig and chicken were studied.Their haemagglutination range, haemagglutination titre.ELD50 to SPF chicken embryo and the pathogenicities to chicks and ducklings were detected respectively.The results showed that the haemagglutination ranges and litres of 5 isolates to red blood cell of 16 animals and person of O blood type were different, and the haemagglutination litres of them ranged from 24to 211, their ELD50 were 10-1~10-9.5, their MDT were from 51.0 hours to 113.4 hours,the ICPI of them were from 0 to 1.83,the palhogenicities of this viruses to Hyline cockerel were 62.5%, 8.3%, 54.2%, 12.5% and 95.8% respectively,and those to muscovy ducklings were 60%, 0, 53.3%, 0 and 86.7% respectively.
2005, 20(3): 149-153.
Abstract:
Comparative studies on the arthropod community between simple and complex ecosystems of longan orchards were conducted at Fengtin Town of Xianyou County, Fujian Province.The results indicated that the arthropod community in complex orchard included 13 orders,74 families and 116 species,and in the simple orchard included 12 orders, 61 families and 85 species.In the simple orchard, the ratio of quantity of phytophagous insects,predatory and parasitic insects, spiders and metatrophic insects to the whole community were 98.16%, 0.52%, 0.16%, 1.16% .respectively.Whereas in the complex orchard,they were 91.89%,3.07%,0.66% and 4.38% respectively.The richness, diversity, evenness indices and stability were higher in the complex orchard than that in the simple orchard.Compared with the simple orchard, there were more abundant species, amount and percentage of natural enemies, spiders, metatrophic insects and less pests in complex orchard.It implied that interplanting Chamaecrista nictitans in the longan orchard could effectively increase the richness, diversity, evenness and stability.It was good for maintaining natural enemies and metatrophic insects in an inhabit in order to produce in the complex orchard.So interplanting the forage in the orchard could optimize the structure of arthropod community and keep ecosystem balance.It indicated a practical way of conservation and utilization of biodiversity in longan orchard ecosystem, and it provided an effective pattern of the integrated pest management (IPM).
Comparative studies on the arthropod community between simple and complex ecosystems of longan orchards were conducted at Fengtin Town of Xianyou County, Fujian Province.The results indicated that the arthropod community in complex orchard included 13 orders,74 families and 116 species,and in the simple orchard included 12 orders, 61 families and 85 species.In the simple orchard, the ratio of quantity of phytophagous insects,predatory and parasitic insects, spiders and metatrophic insects to the whole community were 98.16%, 0.52%, 0.16%, 1.16% .respectively.Whereas in the complex orchard,they were 91.89%,3.07%,0.66% and 4.38% respectively.The richness, diversity, evenness indices and stability were higher in the complex orchard than that in the simple orchard.Compared with the simple orchard, there were more abundant species, amount and percentage of natural enemies, spiders, metatrophic insects and less pests in complex orchard.It implied that interplanting Chamaecrista nictitans in the longan orchard could effectively increase the richness, diversity, evenness and stability.It was good for maintaining natural enemies and metatrophic insects in an inhabit in order to produce in the complex orchard.So interplanting the forage in the orchard could optimize the structure of arthropod community and keep ecosystem balance.It indicated a practical way of conservation and utilization of biodiversity in longan orchard ecosystem, and it provided an effective pattern of the integrated pest management (IPM).
2005, 20(3): 154-157.
Abstract:
The characteristics mutation of forty-four species longan fruit between two years with larger climatic difference (2002 year and 2003 year) in Fuzhou longan garden of national fruit germplasm resource were analysed.The result showed that various climatic condition had great effect on the longan fruit characteristic, high temperature and draught condition restricted the colony multiplying of the weight of per fruit, pericarp, seed and flesh and the thickness of pericarp, but enhanced the soluble solids content, and had a little effect on edible percent.Under different climatic condition, the weight per fruit had highly significant positive correlation with the weight of pericarp, seed and flesh, the edible percent and the weight of flesh, the weight of pericarp and the weight of seed, flesh and the thickness of the pericarp were in highly significant postive correlation, as well as the weight of seed and the weight of flesh.
The characteristics mutation of forty-four species longan fruit between two years with larger climatic difference (2002 year and 2003 year) in Fuzhou longan garden of national fruit germplasm resource were analysed.The result showed that various climatic condition had great effect on the longan fruit characteristic, high temperature and draught condition restricted the colony multiplying of the weight of per fruit, pericarp, seed and flesh and the thickness of pericarp, but enhanced the soluble solids content, and had a little effect on edible percent.Under different climatic condition, the weight per fruit had highly significant positive correlation with the weight of pericarp, seed and flesh, the edible percent and the weight of flesh, the weight of pericarp and the weight of seed, flesh and the thickness of the pericarp were in highly significant postive correlation, as well as the weight of seed and the weight of flesh.
2005, 20(3): 158-162.
Abstract:
Rongchunlü (a temporary name) is a new tea variety with early-flushing with dense shoots.The raw material with one bud and one leaf can be picked as early as on March 2 to 8.Five rounds with more than twenty times of picking can be taken annually.The picking period lasts about 275 days and ends in the first ten-day of December.The leaf is yellow-green and elliptic with fewer downs and middle to small size.The leaves of the first round picking suit to be processed into green tea especially the thin and flat green tea.The yield of tenderly picked shoots and leaves is quite high.The early picked shoots and leaves could be processed into the high quality tea.The raw material with one bud and one leaf (fresh)contained 45.69% of water soluble matter, 35.54% of polyphenols, 4.47% of free amino acid, 5.06% of caffeine, 6.11 mg ·g-1 of flavones, 0.79 mg ·g-1 of chlorophyll, 4.07% water soluble carbohydrate, respectively, and with a ratio of the polyphenols to the free amino acid being 7.95.Rongchunlu is a tea of especially early-shooting and rich in polyphenols and amino-acids.
Rongchunlü (a temporary name) is a new tea variety with early-flushing with dense shoots.The raw material with one bud and one leaf can be picked as early as on March 2 to 8.Five rounds with more than twenty times of picking can be taken annually.The picking period lasts about 275 days and ends in the first ten-day of December.The leaf is yellow-green and elliptic with fewer downs and middle to small size.The leaves of the first round picking suit to be processed into green tea especially the thin and flat green tea.The yield of tenderly picked shoots and leaves is quite high.The early picked shoots and leaves could be processed into the high quality tea.The raw material with one bud and one leaf (fresh)contained 45.69% of water soluble matter, 35.54% of polyphenols, 4.47% of free amino acid, 5.06% of caffeine, 6.11 mg ·g-1 of flavones, 0.79 mg ·g-1 of chlorophyll, 4.07% water soluble carbohydrate, respectively, and with a ratio of the polyphenols to the free amino acid being 7.95.Rongchunlu is a tea of especially early-shooting and rich in polyphenols and amino-acids.
2005, 20(3): 163-167.
Abstract:
The results showed that average available sulphur was 27.6?23.5 mg ·kg-1 in 372 cultivated soil samples of Fujian arable land.37.1% of the total samples was S deficient, 68.2% of total soil samples were S deficient or potential deficient.which suggested that sulphur was not enough in Fujian arable land.Sulphur in southeast territory was less than that in northwest territory.The content and distribution of available sulphur were different in main soil types of Fujian cultivated land.The analysis of soil absorbability of 10 soil sample showed that different soil had different absorbability to sulphur from 35.5% to 61.7% with the average of 46.6%, and a liner model (y = a+bx) was significant, fitting the aborption characters.And the ratio of sulphur absorbed and fixed by different soil could provide index for sulphur fertilizer application.The studies on sulphur components of 37 soil sample revealled the different ratio of soil organic and inorganic sulphur content in different utilized soils.
The results showed that average available sulphur was 27.6?23.5 mg ·kg-1 in 372 cultivated soil samples of Fujian arable land.37.1% of the total samples was S deficient, 68.2% of total soil samples were S deficient or potential deficient.which suggested that sulphur was not enough in Fujian arable land.Sulphur in southeast territory was less than that in northwest territory.The content and distribution of available sulphur were different in main soil types of Fujian cultivated land.The analysis of soil absorbability of 10 soil sample showed that different soil had different absorbability to sulphur from 35.5% to 61.7% with the average of 46.6%, and a liner model (y = a+bx) was significant, fitting the aborption characters.And the ratio of sulphur absorbed and fixed by different soil could provide index for sulphur fertilizer application.The studies on sulphur components of 37 soil sample revealled the different ratio of soil organic and inorganic sulphur content in different utilized soils.
2005, 20(3): 168-171.
Abstract:
The effects of N fertilizer rates on some physiological characteristics of ratoon rice were studied.The results showed that the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves of ratoon rice increased as nitrogen application rate (57.5-287.5kg·hm-2) was enhanced.The biochemical analysis indicated that the optimum nitrogen application rate also increased the activities of cell defense enzymes, thereby reduced menbrane detriment by active oxygen species produced in the process of senescence, consequently, protected photosynthetic function of green leaves in rice and enhanced root activity, in turn delayed senescence and increased yield.
The effects of N fertilizer rates on some physiological characteristics of ratoon rice were studied.The results showed that the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves of ratoon rice increased as nitrogen application rate (57.5-287.5kg·hm-2) was enhanced.The biochemical analysis indicated that the optimum nitrogen application rate also increased the activities of cell defense enzymes, thereby reduced menbrane detriment by active oxygen species produced in the process of senescence, consequently, protected photosynthetic function of green leaves in rice and enhanced root activity, in turn delayed senescence and increased yield.
2005, 20(3): 172-175.
Abstract:
The result showed that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer could increase the soil nutrient content, strengthen the activity of soil enzyme, the effect of organic fertilizer application was better than that of inorganic fertilizer.Correlation analysis indicated that there was extremely significant positive relevant between the activities of soil enzymes and the content of soil organic matter.
The result showed that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer could increase the soil nutrient content, strengthen the activity of soil enzyme, the effect of organic fertilizer application was better than that of inorganic fertilizer.Correlation analysis indicated that there was extremely significant positive relevant between the activities of soil enzymes and the content of soil organic matter.
2005, 20(3): 176-179.
Abstract:
Cultivated soil in Quanzhou City had been monitored for 5 years.The results showed that applying fertilizer with the routine management, caused the surpluse of nitrogen.phosphorus in the soil but the potassium lost seriously.Fertilizer-Applying structure needs to be adjusted to steady nitrogen fertilizer, control the phosphorus fertilizer, increase the potassium fertilizer, rely mainly on the organic fertilizer.
Cultivated soil in Quanzhou City had been monitored for 5 years.The results showed that applying fertilizer with the routine management, caused the surpluse of nitrogen.phosphorus in the soil but the potassium lost seriously.Fertilizer-Applying structure needs to be adjusted to steady nitrogen fertilizer, control the phosphorus fertilizer, increase the potassium fertilizer, rely mainly on the organic fertilizer.
2005, 20(3): 180-184.
Abstract:
A pair of primers were designed according to the published nucleotide sequence of a putative outer membrane protein gene (omp) of Aeromonas hydrophila.With the specific primers, a target fragment about 1.1kb was amplified from Aeromonas hydrophila L316 via PCR.The target fragment was inserted into the linearized pGEM-T easy vector.After enzyme restriction and sequencing analysis, the nucleotide data had been further analyzed by DNA man and ClutalW software.The analysis results showed that the cloned DNA fragment had the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 1035nt, it predicted to be encoded a 344-AA protein with the molecular weight of 36kD.Hydrophobicity analysis suggested that the protein was highly hydrophilic, especialy at the first 24 amino-acid, this region could be function as signal peptide.The homologious comparison proved the cloned gene had 96% homology to the sequence of the omp gene, and the alignment of the amino acid sequence was 98 %.Campared with other amio acid sequences of outer membrane proteins, major outer menbrane protein of Aeromonas hydrophila L316 belongs to the ompA family.
A pair of primers were designed according to the published nucleotide sequence of a putative outer membrane protein gene (omp) of Aeromonas hydrophila.With the specific primers, a target fragment about 1.1kb was amplified from Aeromonas hydrophila L316 via PCR.The target fragment was inserted into the linearized pGEM-T easy vector.After enzyme restriction and sequencing analysis, the nucleotide data had been further analyzed by DNA man and ClutalW software.The analysis results showed that the cloned DNA fragment had the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 1035nt, it predicted to be encoded a 344-AA protein with the molecular weight of 36kD.Hydrophobicity analysis suggested that the protein was highly hydrophilic, especialy at the first 24 amino-acid, this region could be function as signal peptide.The homologious comparison proved the cloned gene had 96% homology to the sequence of the omp gene, and the alignment of the amino acid sequence was 98 %.Campared with other amio acid sequences of outer membrane proteins, major outer menbrane protein of Aeromonas hydrophila L316 belongs to the ompA family.
2005, 20(3): 185-188.
Abstract:
The genetic diversity among 24 balsam pear materials from different areas was analyzed by RAPD.79 bands were detected with 12 RAPD primers,and 56 bands (70.79%) were polymorphic.The 24 accesions could be clustered into three groups based on cluster analysis when the genetic distance was 0.343.
The genetic diversity among 24 balsam pear materials from different areas was analyzed by RAPD.79 bands were detected with 12 RAPD primers,and 56 bands (70.79%) were polymorphic.The 24 accesions could be clustered into three groups based on cluster analysis when the genetic distance was 0.343.
2005, 20(3): 189-193.
Abstract:
Scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic observation on long-term-cultured callus of Citrus sinensis cv.Valencia were carried out.The results showed that after the callus incubated on MT basic medium for 20 days, the cells were closely linked, a few fibrils appeared on the rumpled surface of the cells, abundant starch granules and organelles were observed in the cells.When cell incubated on the MT basic medium for 50 days, the surface of the cells rumpled, but the fibrils disappeared, ribosome in the cytoplasm increased but the size of starch granules reduced.The callus incubated in the somatic embryo inducing medium for 20 days led to the formation of protuberance and fibrils, sometimes the fibrils formed network, cytoplasm became a mass, and no obvious organelles, starch granules and plasmodesmata were observed) after 50 days, the fibrils on the surface of the cell disappeared, the bulk of the cells and the gap between them increased, organelles and nucleolus reformed, the ribosome were abundant and formed polyers.
Scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic observation on long-term-cultured callus of Citrus sinensis cv.Valencia were carried out.The results showed that after the callus incubated on MT basic medium for 20 days, the cells were closely linked, a few fibrils appeared on the rumpled surface of the cells, abundant starch granules and organelles were observed in the cells.When cell incubated on the MT basic medium for 50 days, the surface of the cells rumpled, but the fibrils disappeared, ribosome in the cytoplasm increased but the size of starch granules reduced.The callus incubated in the somatic embryo inducing medium for 20 days led to the formation of protuberance and fibrils, sometimes the fibrils formed network, cytoplasm became a mass, and no obvious organelles, starch granules and plasmodesmata were observed) after 50 days, the fibrils on the surface of the cell disappeared, the bulk of the cells and the gap between them increased, organelles and nucleolus reformed, the ribosome were abundant and formed polyers.
2005, 20(3): 194-197.
Abstract:
Chitosan was used to clarify the waxberry wine, effects of the factors such as pH value, sugar content, chitosan content and clarification temperature on clarified degree and color were analyzed with rotating perpendicular combination experiment, regression equation of factor indices with more than 99% of the confidence level was established.The result showed that the effects of main factors on clarified degree and color of the wine were chitosan contentpH valuesugar content and sugar contentchitosan contentpH value;but the effect of temperature was not significant;It was favourable to clarify when pH=3.54, at the suitable dosage of chitosan, the lowest one was need to keep the wine steady and clarified.
Chitosan was used to clarify the waxberry wine, effects of the factors such as pH value, sugar content, chitosan content and clarification temperature on clarified degree and color were analyzed with rotating perpendicular combination experiment, regression equation of factor indices with more than 99% of the confidence level was established.The result showed that the effects of main factors on clarified degree and color of the wine were chitosan contentpH valuesugar content and sugar contentchitosan contentpH value;but the effect of temperature was not significant;It was favourable to clarify when pH=3.54, at the suitable dosage of chitosan, the lowest one was need to keep the wine steady and clarified.
2005, 20(3): 198-201.
Abstract:
A RP-HPLC method with UV detector was established to determine the organic acids in the fruits of loquat.The chromatographic conditions were Waters μBondapakTMC18 (3- 9mm i.d×300mm, 10μm) used for column (at 30℃)with 0.04 mol·L-1 KH2PO4 -H3PO4 buffer (pH2.4) as mobile phase, and flow rate 0.8 ml·min-1, detector UV-214 nm.The correlation coefficients of the calibration graphs were 0.9993-0.9999.The averaged recoveries were 85% -102%, RSD5.05%.
A RP-HPLC method with UV detector was established to determine the organic acids in the fruits of loquat.The chromatographic conditions were Waters μBondapakTMC18 (3- 9mm i.d×300mm, 10μm) used for column (at 30℃)with 0.04 mol·L-1 KH2PO4 -H3PO4 buffer (pH2.4) as mobile phase, and flow rate 0.8 ml·min-1, detector UV-214 nm.The correlation coefficients of the calibration graphs were 0.9993-0.9999.The averaged recoveries were 85% -102%, RSD5.05%.
2005, 20(3): 202-210.
Abstract:
Many exotic plants were able to restrain native plants, animals and microbes in a new habitat by releasing allelochemicals.More and more studies showed that the allelopathy of exotic plants played an important role in their successful ecesis.The allelopathy of exotic plants and releasing approach and acting mode of the allelochemicals were reviewed, and the acting mechanism and influencing factor of exotic plants allelopathy were discussed.The existing problems and direction in the study on exotic plants allelopathy were advanced in the end.
Many exotic plants were able to restrain native plants, animals and microbes in a new habitat by releasing allelochemicals.More and more studies showed that the allelopathy of exotic plants played an important role in their successful ecesis.The allelopathy of exotic plants and releasing approach and acting mode of the allelochemicals were reviewed, and the acting mechanism and influencing factor of exotic plants allelopathy were discussed.The existing problems and direction in the study on exotic plants allelopathy were advanced in the end.
2005, 20(3): 211-214.
Abstract:
The situation of technologic support to the structural adjustment of agricultural industry in Fujian Province and the effect of entering into WTO on technologic support were analyzed.the development direction of technologic support to the structural adjustment of agricultural industry in Fujian Province was put forward, the countermeasures were suggested for strengthening the technologic support to the structural adjustment of agricultural industry in Fujian Province.
The situation of technologic support to the structural adjustment of agricultural industry in Fujian Province and the effect of entering into WTO on technologic support were analyzed.the development direction of technologic support to the structural adjustment of agricultural industry in Fujian Province was put forward, the countermeasures were suggested for strengthening the technologic support to the structural adjustment of agricultural industry in Fujian Province.
