1995 Vol. 10, No. 2
Display Method:
1995, 10(2): 1-4.
Abstract:
The finding of Taigu nucleus sterile wheat promoted the study on improving resistance to headblijght of wheat.The recurrent selections with the wheat, by ways of repeatedly screening,crossing, gene recombining and gene adding, makes it possible to gradually and effectively recom-bine and accumulate the genes of resistance to headblight disease.With the work of recurrent selsc-tions for 10 years and the appraisal of resistance in different sites, the studies have resulted in 7 strains with the resistance exceeding Sumai No.3 and 35 strains with the resistance similar to Sumai No.3.among which most strains matured earlier than Sumai No.3.Some of them have been used as the resistance resources by the breeding groups of 8 provinces all over the country.
The finding of Taigu nucleus sterile wheat promoted the study on improving resistance to headblijght of wheat.The recurrent selections with the wheat, by ways of repeatedly screening,crossing, gene recombining and gene adding, makes it possible to gradually and effectively recom-bine and accumulate the genes of resistance to headblight disease.With the work of recurrent selsc-tions for 10 years and the appraisal of resistance in different sites, the studies have resulted in 7 strains with the resistance exceeding Sumai No.3 and 35 strains with the resistance similar to Sumai No.3.among which most strains matured earlier than Sumai No.3.Some of them have been used as the resistance resources by the breeding groups of 8 provinces all over the country.
1995, 10(2): 5-9.
Abstract:
The research results showed that among the factors of grain yield component of wheat in annual three- crop system, the panicle number per unit and the grain number per panicle appeared to be the most obvious variation, which contributed the greatest to the increase of grain yield.The tillering duration of wheat in annual three- crop system was short.Thus the panicle number mainly depended on main stem heads.The wheat showed more spikelet differentiation, but 70%～80%of them degenerated, therefore the potentiality of getting large- panicle was on decreasing the degen-eration of spileket.
The research results showed that among the factors of grain yield component of wheat in annual three- crop system, the panicle number per unit and the grain number per panicle appeared to be the most obvious variation, which contributed the greatest to the increase of grain yield.The tillering duration of wheat in annual three- crop system was short.Thus the panicle number mainly depended on main stem heads.The wheat showed more spikelet differentiation, but 70%～80%of them degenerated, therefore the potentiality of getting large- panicle was on decreasing the degen-eration of spileket.
1995, 10(2): 10-14.
Abstract:
The research results showed that the wheat yield was determined by Colony Growth Rate(CGR).At the level of 4t/hm2 grain yield of wheat in annual three-crop system the average CGR showed 8.9g/(m2·d),the greatest Leaf Area Index (LAI) arrived 5.1─5.2 and the aver-age Net Assimilation Rate(NAR) of growth period appeared 3.6g(m2 ·d).In the condition with the average annual Solar Radiation(S)100J/(cm2·d),the Light Energy Utilization Rate (Eu) of wheat arrived 1.45%.The results of multiple correlation analysis showed that during wheat growth period the LAI appeared extremely significant positive correlation to CGR.In the high grain yielding colony with the most suitable LAI, the NAR was the decisive factor to CGR.From booting stage to yellow mature the photo- productoin was restricted by S.In Southern China re-gions, after booting stage, the S appeared fluctuating significantly according to the coming dura-tion and raining situation of the spring rain in different years, which make up the variable yields in different years.
The research results showed that the wheat yield was determined by Colony Growth Rate(CGR).At the level of 4t/hm2 grain yield of wheat in annual three-crop system the average CGR showed 8.9g/(m2·d),the greatest Leaf Area Index (LAI) arrived 5.1─5.2 and the aver-age Net Assimilation Rate(NAR) of growth period appeared 3.6g(m2 ·d).In the condition with the average annual Solar Radiation(S)100J/(cm2·d),the Light Energy Utilization Rate (Eu) of wheat arrived 1.45%.The results of multiple correlation analysis showed that during wheat growth period the LAI appeared extremely significant positive correlation to CGR.In the high grain yielding colony with the most suitable LAI, the NAR was the decisive factor to CGR.From booting stage to yellow mature the photo- productoin was restricted by S.In Southern China re-gions, after booting stage, the S appeared fluctuating significantly according to the coming dura-tion and raining situation of the spring rain in different years, which make up the variable yields in different years.
1995, 10(2): 15-18.
Abstract:
The effect of accumulative temperature, sunshining duration, rainfall and diurnal average temperature on the yield of vegetable soybean were analysed with the experiments in different sowing periods in 1994.The results showed that the yield and main economic characters of veg-etable soybean were largely influenced by meteological factors during the growth stages, especially early stages(from seedling emergence to first flowering)were mainly effected by accumulative temperature.The dominant factor affecting the yield was different in various growth stages,i.e.the duration of sunshining in pod-setting stage, rainfall in pod-filling stage and average diurnal temperature in maturing stage.The yield arrived the highest level when there were more than 90 hrs of sunshining duration in pod-setting stage, 91 mm rainfall in pod-filling stage and 27℃ of di-urnal average temperature in maturing stage.
The effect of accumulative temperature, sunshining duration, rainfall and diurnal average temperature on the yield of vegetable soybean were analysed with the experiments in different sowing periods in 1994.The results showed that the yield and main economic characters of veg-etable soybean were largely influenced by meteological factors during the growth stages, especially early stages(from seedling emergence to first flowering)were mainly effected by accumulative temperature.The dominant factor affecting the yield was different in various growth stages,i.e.the duration of sunshining in pod-setting stage, rainfall in pod-filling stage and average diurnal temperature in maturing stage.The yield arrived the highest level when there were more than 90 hrs of sunshining duration in pod-setting stage, 91 mm rainfall in pod-filling stage and 27℃ of di-urnal average temperature in maturing stage.
1995, 10(2): 19-22.
Abstract:
Based on the energy-input and output principle in the system.10 main planting systems in coastasl upland area in Putian City of Fujian have been analysed using chief-factor analysis and cluster analysis methods.These systems were divided into 5 types:1) high input with low output type;2) low input with low output type;3)intermidiate tpye;4)high input with high output;and 5) high output with high efficiency.Different types of planting systems have been comprehen-sively evaluated,it will provide the references for further adjustment and development of planting structure in Fujiann.
Based on the energy-input and output principle in the system.10 main planting systems in coastasl upland area in Putian City of Fujian have been analysed using chief-factor analysis and cluster analysis methods.These systems were divided into 5 types:1) high input with low output type;2) low input with low output type;3)intermidiate tpye;4)high input with high output;and 5) high output with high efficiency.Different types of planting systems have been comprehen-sively evaluated,it will provide the references for further adjustment and development of planting structure in Fujiann.
1995, 10(2): 23-26.
Abstract:
3431,1301,and 2011 IRRI-provided varieties from International Rice Blast, Bacterial Blight and Brown Planthopper Nurseries were determined from 1979 to 1993.The results showed that, the varieties from rice blast nursery,0.1-2.3 scale occupied 437,131 and 121 respectively;from bacterial blight nursery,1,3 and 5 scale occupied 214, 372and 301 respeltively;from brown planthopper nursery occupied 231,374 and 597 respectively,In determined varieties,12 from rice blast nursery, 8 from bacterial blight nursery and S from brown planthopper nursery have relative- ly strong and wide-ranging resistance which may be considered to be used as parent materials in rice breeding.
3431,1301,and 2011 IRRI-provided varieties from International Rice Blast, Bacterial Blight and Brown Planthopper Nurseries were determined from 1979 to 1993.The results showed that, the varieties from rice blast nursery,0.1-2.3 scale occupied 437,131 and 121 respectively;from bacterial blight nursery,1,3 and 5 scale occupied 214, 372and 301 respeltively;from brown planthopper nursery occupied 231,374 and 597 respectively,In determined varieties,12 from rice blast nursery, 8 from bacterial blight nursery and S from brown planthopper nursery have relative- ly strong and wide-ranging resistance which may be considered to be used as parent materials in rice breeding.
Comparison of the Controlling Effeciency for Suppressing Grubs in Peanut Fields Using three Biocides
1995, 10(2): 27-29.
Abstract:
This paper dealt with biocontrolling the peanut grubs using the three biocides, Bacillus thuringienses, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoresens var.beijingensis.The results showed that the controlling effeciency was up to 82%on average by using the three biocides,a-mong which the M.anisopliae was the best.The yield of peanut increased up to 20%on average,in which using P.fumosoresens was the most significant.The biocide can not only control the peanut grub but also increase the peanut yield.
This paper dealt with biocontrolling the peanut grubs using the three biocides, Bacillus thuringienses, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoresens var.beijingensis.The results showed that the controlling effeciency was up to 82%on average by using the three biocides,a-mong which the M.anisopliae was the best.The yield of peanut increased up to 20%on average,in which using P.fumosoresens was the most significant.The biocide can not only control the peanut grub but also increase the peanut yield.
1995, 10(2): 30-33.
Abstract:
Rice blast, Caused by pyricularia oryzae,is one of the main diseases in northern moun-tain area in Fujian.In the past 12 years,the evolution in prevalence of physiological races have been monitored and the results clearly indicated that the races of blast fungus is rather variable in their stability and adaptability.The variability is closely correlated with the extension period and grow-ing density of popularized rice varieties.These results possess an important significance to screen resistant parent materials, breed resistant varieties, arrange and renew varieties,forcast and pro-tect rice plants from blast diseases.
Rice blast, Caused by pyricularia oryzae,is one of the main diseases in northern moun-tain area in Fujian.In the past 12 years,the evolution in prevalence of physiological races have been monitored and the results clearly indicated that the races of blast fungus is rather variable in their stability and adaptability.The variability is closely correlated with the extension period and grow-ing density of popularized rice varieties.These results possess an important significance to screen resistant parent materials, breed resistant varieties, arrange and renew varieties,forcast and pro-tect rice plants from blast diseases.
1995, 10(2): 34-38.
Abstract:
The communications service system was designed forecasting network of rice pests and diseases.The structure to connect the micro-computer for of communication network was put forward.The softwore was programed to support the long-distance connection of computers to transport and manage the pest-means the telephone line system.The network has been put into use in IPM of rice pest in Fujian province.
The communications service system was designed forecasting network of rice pests and diseases.The structure to connect the micro-computer for of communication network was put forward.The softwore was programed to support the long-distance connection of computers to transport and manage the pest-means the telephone line system.The network has been put into use in IPM of rice pest in Fujian province.
1995, 10(2): 39-43.
Abstract:
B.bassiana 871 was isolated and purified from the dead adult of tea weevil (M.aurolineatus).Under the suitable climatic conditions, 65%controlling effect on larvae and pu-pae could be got by the parasitic fungi-soil method and 80%of adults were infected to death when getting out off the soil witb applying the fungus at the peak periord of pupae.More than 80% of adults were controlled by spraying beauveria solution at adult stage.The parasitic fungi mixed and rotated with cbemicals as well as twice spraying could improve the effect.Most of insecticides used in tea production(except some of fungicides)did not affect the germination of the spores.The for-mulations prepared with this fungus were widely used in a large area of 1000 hm2 in Fujian province.The results proved that the effectiveness lasted for 1～2 years.
B.bassiana 871 was isolated and purified from the dead adult of tea weevil (M.aurolineatus).Under the suitable climatic conditions, 65%controlling effect on larvae and pu-pae could be got by the parasitic fungi-soil method and 80%of adults were infected to death when getting out off the soil witb applying the fungus at the peak periord of pupae.More than 80% of adults were controlled by spraying beauveria solution at adult stage.The parasitic fungi mixed and rotated with cbemicals as well as twice spraying could improve the effect.Most of insecticides used in tea production(except some of fungicides)did not affect the germination of the spores.The for-mulations prepared with this fungus were widely used in a large area of 1000 hm2 in Fujian province.The results proved that the effectiveness lasted for 1～2 years.
1995, 10(2): 44-47.
Abstract:
This paper introduced the harmness of mite in feed products, and reported in first the work using functional and quantative responses of Hypoaspis aculeifer to control the major pest mites in feed products——Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Leidolyphus destrutor.The controlling effect was comprehensively evaluated.Some suggestions on the investigation and utilization of H.aculeifer has been proposed in the paper.
This paper introduced the harmness of mite in feed products, and reported in first the work using functional and quantative responses of Hypoaspis aculeifer to control the major pest mites in feed products——Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Leidolyphus destrutor.The controlling effect was comprehensively evaluated.Some suggestions on the investigation and utilization of H.aculeifer has been proposed in the paper.
1995, 10(2): 48-53.
Abstract:
The effect of organic materials(O.M.)on improving the fertility of red earth-derived paddy soil was monitored for 13 successive years.Result indicated that O.M.markedly increased the amount of Organo- mineral complex in soil and, in varying degree, bettered its quality.The complex quantities of initial soil in decreasing order were:Pig manure(treatment)>Azolla, Green manure,Rice straw >Blank and additional complex quantities were: Pig manure > Azolla > Rice straw>Green manure.However, the additional complex degree of pig manure treatment was the lowest because of its high carbon input and low decomposition in present season.O.M.was benefi- cial to the formation of coarse aggregation and the increase of the enzyme activities, such as cata- lase by 70%- 80%and converzyme by 20%- 40%.Azolla is one of the best organic materials with high efficiency of carbon humification.Azolla mainly bettered nitrogen supply of soil, and rice straw improved potassium and pig manure improved phosphorus and then nitrogen.
The effect of organic materials(O.M.)on improving the fertility of red earth-derived paddy soil was monitored for 13 successive years.Result indicated that O.M.markedly increased the amount of Organo- mineral complex in soil and, in varying degree, bettered its quality.The complex quantities of initial soil in decreasing order were:Pig manure(treatment)>Azolla, Green manure,Rice straw >Blank and additional complex quantities were: Pig manure > Azolla > Rice straw>Green manure.However, the additional complex degree of pig manure treatment was the lowest because of its high carbon input and low decomposition in present season.O.M.was benefi- cial to the formation of coarse aggregation and the increase of the enzyme activities, such as cata- lase by 70%- 80%and converzyme by 20%- 40%.Azolla is one of the best organic materials with high efficiency of carbon humification.Azolla mainly bettered nitrogen supply of soil, and rice straw improved potassium and pig manure improved phosphorus and then nitrogen.
1995, 10(2): 54-59.
Abstract:
According to 89 trials on N,P, K in paddy field, it was suggested that the typicality of three-fertilizer efficiency model was desided by the existence and the character of extreme value.Based on the distinguished results of extreme value,three-fertilizer efficiency model may be clas-sified as typical model and three types of non-typical model,The character of different types of three-fertilizer efficiency model and the distinguish methods were analysed, and the recommenda-tory fertilization for non-typical model was contributed in this thesis.
According to 89 trials on N,P, K in paddy field, it was suggested that the typicality of three-fertilizer efficiency model was desided by the existence and the character of extreme value.Based on the distinguished results of extreme value,three-fertilizer efficiency model may be clas-sified as typical model and three types of non-typical model,The character of different types of three-fertilizer efficiency model and the distinguish methods were analysed, and the recommenda-tory fertilization for non-typical model was contributed in this thesis.
1995, 10(2): 60-64.
Abstract:
Germanium dioxide was applied as additive to obtain Ge-enriched fruitbodies of Ganoderma lucidum by Imitate -wild-culture method and its biological efficiency were 8.63%~9.68%.Gecontents in the fruitbodies harvested in same year were 0.22~8.25 μg/g analysed by FAAS, and Geuptaked rates were 0.02 % ~0.16%;the fruitbodies harvested in the second year,Gecontentswere 6.60~138μg/g,the rates were 1.68%~6.73%.Amino acid analysis showed that, the content of total amino acids in Geenricned iruitbodies were 7.18~8.32 mg/100 mg(dry matterr)which were 19.0%~37.8%higher than normal fruitbcxlies;the ratio of essential aminoacid of Geenriched fruitbodies were higher, E/T=0.577~0.625;among that,methionine (Met)contentswere 2.09 mg~2.64 mg/100 mg (dry matter),raised about one quantitative degree.Accordingly,we speculated that there was a certain kind of physiological change related to the metabolism levelof Geenrichment in the fruitbodies,especially a notable effect on synthetic metabolism ofaminoacids.
Germanium dioxide was applied as additive to obtain Ge-enriched fruitbodies of Ganoderma lucidum by Imitate -wild-culture method and its biological efficiency were 8.63%~9.68%.Gecontents in the fruitbodies harvested in same year were 0.22~8.25 μg/g analysed by FAAS, and Geuptaked rates were 0.02 % ~0.16%;the fruitbodies harvested in the second year,Gecontentswere 6.60~138μg/g,the rates were 1.68%~6.73%.Amino acid analysis showed that, the content of total amino acids in Geenricned iruitbodies were 7.18~8.32 mg/100 mg(dry matterr)which were 19.0%~37.8%higher than normal fruitbcxlies;the ratio of essential aminoacid of Geenriched fruitbodies were higher, E/T=0.577~0.625;among that,methionine (Met)contentswere 2.09 mg~2.64 mg/100 mg (dry matter),raised about one quantitative degree.Accordingly,we speculated that there was a certain kind of physiological change related to the metabolism levelof Geenrichment in the fruitbodies,especially a notable effect on synthetic metabolism ofaminoacids.
