1994 Vol. 9, No. 4
Display Method:
1994, 9(4): 1-4.
Abstract:
Soilless rice cultivation is a new rice-growing method using floating materials on water surface.Straw-bundle bed selected from three culture materials is considered to be the best one.It has the advantages of compact compages, good buoyancy.available source, easy making.2 to 3-years using duration and lower cost.All rice and other aquatic crops canbe cultured using this straw-bundle bed.The results from several years' experiences showed that:1.Comparing with rice growing in paddy field, rice yield of floating method is fairly stable and high due to the good aeration, well developed root-system.healthy plant.less disease.insect damage and high filled-grain rate.2.Combining with raising fish in water body.high economic benefits will be obtained.So it will open up broad prospects for further development.
Soilless rice cultivation is a new rice-growing method using floating materials on water surface.Straw-bundle bed selected from three culture materials is considered to be the best one.It has the advantages of compact compages, good buoyancy.available source, easy making.2 to 3-years using duration and lower cost.All rice and other aquatic crops canbe cultured using this straw-bundle bed.The results from several years' experiences showed that:1.Comparing with rice growing in paddy field, rice yield of floating method is fairly stable and high due to the good aeration, well developed root-system.healthy plant.less disease.insect damage and high filled-grain rate.2.Combining with raising fish in water body.high economic benefits will be obtained.So it will open up broad prospects for further development.
1994, 9(4): 5-10.
Abstract:
the inductions of rice embryo calli are inhibited by both Kanamycin(Km)and Ampicillin(Ap),two kinds of Antibiotics, moreover, Km is more effective than Ap, Callus induction rates are negatively and significantly correlated with Antibiotic concentrations, Antibiotics.especially Km, also inhibit the growth of calli in the induction phase, No any green seedling differentiates with Km treated either in induction phase or in differentiation phase,except that a few albinoseedlings appear in the treatments of 50 and 100 mg/kgm,Differentiations of green seedlings are promoted by50 to 200 mg/kg of Ap treated in differentiation phase.Callus death rates rise as the increases of Km concentrations treated in induction phase, Treatments withKm and Ap in differentiation phase tend to cause the death of calli in varying degrees,but death rates are lower, Km+Ap inhibit coordinately the inductions and differentiations of calli.Ap can partially remove the inhibition effects of Km on differentiation of green seedlings when treated in differentiation phase.Discussions also have been made on the proper concentrations of Km andApused to detect whether the foreign genes were introduced in.
the inductions of rice embryo calli are inhibited by both Kanamycin(Km)and Ampicillin(Ap),two kinds of Antibiotics, moreover, Km is more effective than Ap, Callus induction rates are negatively and significantly correlated with Antibiotic concentrations, Antibiotics.especially Km, also inhibit the growth of calli in the induction phase, No any green seedling differentiates with Km treated either in induction phase or in differentiation phase,except that a few albinoseedlings appear in the treatments of 50 and 100 mg/kgm,Differentiations of green seedlings are promoted by50 to 200 mg/kg of Ap treated in differentiation phase.Callus death rates rise as the increases of Km concentrations treated in induction phase, Treatments withKm and Ap in differentiation phase tend to cause the death of calli in varying degrees,but death rates are lower, Km+Ap inhibit coordinately the inductions and differentiations of calli.Ap can partially remove the inhibition effects of Km on differentiation of green seedlings when treated in differentiation phase.Discussions also have been made on the proper concentrations of Km andApused to detect whether the foreign genes were introduced in.
1994, 9(4): 11-17.
Abstract:
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)722(♀,2N=36=32+4SAt,Whole lamina.Yellow flower petals) and Cottonrose Hibiscus(Hibiscus raidatus)(♂,2N=72=70+2SAt.Crack lamina.Purple-red flower petals)were used to inter species cross.F1,was 2N=54=51+3SAt.Crack Lamina.Purple-red (lower petals.Hybrid progeny was selected and bred to cottonrose hibiscus kenaf 86-369 (F14 )(2N=36=30-6SAt).It was compared with Qingpi No.3 through 28 placetimes in all over the coutry during 1987-1992.The average of dry bark weight was 5353.5 kg/hm2 increased by 17.02% with qingpi No.3 at the 1%significant level.Also it was compared with kenaf 722 through 22 place-times,the average of dry bark weight was 4918.5 kg/hm2, increased by 16.9% at the 1% significant level either.Flower petals of Cottonrose hibiscus kenaf 86-369 were pale blue, palmatipartite leaves.Economic Characters are better than those of Qingpi No.3.fiber quality is good.disease resistance is better than that of Qingpi No.3.Production demonstration in Anhuei province showed good result,it was welcome by farmers of bast fiber production.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)722(♀,2N=36=32+4SAt,Whole lamina.Yellow flower petals) and Cottonrose Hibiscus(Hibiscus raidatus)(♂,2N=72=70+2SAt.Crack lamina.Purple-red flower petals)were used to inter species cross.F1,was 2N=54=51+3SAt.Crack Lamina.Purple-red (lower petals.Hybrid progeny was selected and bred to cottonrose hibiscus kenaf 86-369 (F14 )(2N=36=30-6SAt).It was compared with Qingpi No.3 through 28 placetimes in all over the coutry during 1987-1992.The average of dry bark weight was 5353.5 kg/hm2 increased by 17.02% with qingpi No.3 at the 1%significant level.Also it was compared with kenaf 722 through 22 place-times,the average of dry bark weight was 4918.5 kg/hm2, increased by 16.9% at the 1% significant level either.Flower petals of Cottonrose hibiscus kenaf 86-369 were pale blue, palmatipartite leaves.Economic Characters are better than those of Qingpi No.3.fiber quality is good.disease resistance is better than that of Qingpi No.3.Production demonstration in Anhuei province showed good result,it was welcome by farmers of bast fiber production.
1994, 9(4): 18-21.
Abstract:
This study makes known that the progress of raising seedlings of Lonyan by cuttings.1.By using the Two-Bud-cutting, the root-growing rate and the growth condition are nearly as same as that of long cutting with several buds and a lot of cuttings being saved.2.The suitable xyloid content in the cutting is 17.73%to 19.04%and the colour of the cutting is light-green,dark-green or light-brown,accordingly.3.The Two-Bud-Cutting with a width of 2 cm should be done by KG-1 type cycle-peeling knife made by us.When the wound heals up and produces the white callus(about 15 days after peeling off),the cutting can be cut from the mother tree to raise seedling and two green leaves should be remained on each cutting.4.The cutting base should besoaked in 150 mg/kg IBA for about 5 minutes before cultivated.5.The suitable substrate for raising cuttings are made of 70%peat soil and 30%vermiculite powder.The seedling bed should be in the green house with the treatment of fine spray.The air temperature should be kept between 20～27 ℃ and the relative humidity should be above 85%.According to the method as mentioned above,the cutting begins to grow roots after 60days and the seedling survival rate reaches 85%to 90%.The period of raising seedlings by this way can be about one year shorter than that by graftage.
This study makes known that the progress of raising seedlings of Lonyan by cuttings.1.By using the Two-Bud-cutting, the root-growing rate and the growth condition are nearly as same as that of long cutting with several buds and a lot of cuttings being saved.2.The suitable xyloid content in the cutting is 17.73%to 19.04%and the colour of the cutting is light-green,dark-green or light-brown,accordingly.3.The Two-Bud-Cutting with a width of 2 cm should be done by KG-1 type cycle-peeling knife made by us.When the wound heals up and produces the white callus(about 15 days after peeling off),the cutting can be cut from the mother tree to raise seedling and two green leaves should be remained on each cutting.4.The cutting base should besoaked in 150 mg/kg IBA for about 5 minutes before cultivated.5.The suitable substrate for raising cuttings are made of 70%peat soil and 30%vermiculite powder.The seedling bed should be in the green house with the treatment of fine spray.The air temperature should be kept between 20～27 ℃ and the relative humidity should be above 85%.According to the method as mentioned above,the cutting begins to grow roots after 60days and the seedling survival rate reaches 85%to 90%.The period of raising seedlings by this way can be about one year shorter than that by graftage.
1994, 9(4): 22-25.
Abstract:
The research results showed that the fresh-weight increase of Min Jiao 64-1, Min Jiao 64-2and Baihe Lonyan fruits and their seperate parts appeared to be a single S-type curve, The dynamic change of soluble solid content was Min Jiao 64-1and Min Jiao 64-2 appeared a double Stype curve wbereas Baihe Lonyan appeared a single S-type curve.The correlative and path analysis on the relationship between fruit development with seed, pericarp and aril were undertaken.It was found that, similar to Litchi.the fruit development of seed-wilted lonyan was affected in properorder by seed-pericarp-aril,and the effect of pericarp matter on aril just like the one of ball skin on its bladder.
The research results showed that the fresh-weight increase of Min Jiao 64-1, Min Jiao 64-2and Baihe Lonyan fruits and their seperate parts appeared to be a single S-type curve, The dynamic change of soluble solid content was Min Jiao 64-1and Min Jiao 64-2 appeared a double Stype curve wbereas Baihe Lonyan appeared a single S-type curve.The correlative and path analysis on the relationship between fruit development with seed, pericarp and aril were undertaken.It was found that, similar to Litchi.the fruit development of seed-wilted lonyan was affected in properorder by seed-pericarp-aril,and the effect of pericarp matter on aril just like the one of ball skin on its bladder.
1994, 9(4): 26-31.
Abstract:
Donghai Root-knot Nematode causes a new root-knot disease which damages sandy beach-growing citrus in large area along the coast of Fujian province.This paper described a serious decline of the infected citrus trees and reported three diseasedes phases and new root-knot symptom in the underground part.The three phases are.the infectious phase, the declining phasethe waning phase.The new root-knot symptom is,1.there are a lot of males in the root-knots besides females, they damage root system by jointly stimulating root tissue to induce giant cells at their juvenile stage:2.only males were found in the root-knots, they are able to induce giant cells and form smaller root-knots than the ones which induced by females.
Donghai Root-knot Nematode causes a new root-knot disease which damages sandy beach-growing citrus in large area along the coast of Fujian province.This paper described a serious decline of the infected citrus trees and reported three diseasedes phases and new root-knot symptom in the underground part.The three phases are.the infectious phase, the declining phasethe waning phase.The new root-knot symptom is,1.there are a lot of males in the root-knots besides females, they damage root system by jointly stimulating root tissue to induce giant cells at their juvenile stage:2.only males were found in the root-knots, they are able to induce giant cells and form smaller root-knots than the ones which induced by females.
1994, 9(4): 32-35.
Abstract:
420 soil samples which represent different cultivated soils were analysed the contents offast-acting sulfur.The sulfur content in the samples form plain area was higher than that from hilly area, and coastal area was higher than inland area.The average content in whole province is higher than the cultivated one required for the growth of main crops such as rice plant.The stress areas for supplying sulfur are submerged and sandysoils.It also needs to pay more attention on applying S fertilizer to economical and mustard crops.The application of sulfur improves the early growth and development ofrice seedlings.increases grain number per panicle thus enhance the grain yield.S application to legume plants increases its biomass production and improves quality.
420 soil samples which represent different cultivated soils were analysed the contents offast-acting sulfur.The sulfur content in the samples form plain area was higher than that from hilly area, and coastal area was higher than inland area.The average content in whole province is higher than the cultivated one required for the growth of main crops such as rice plant.The stress areas for supplying sulfur are submerged and sandysoils.It also needs to pay more attention on applying S fertilizer to economical and mustard crops.The application of sulfur improves the early growth and development ofrice seedlings.increases grain number per panicle thus enhance the grain yield.S application to legume plants increases its biomass production and improves quality.
1994, 9(4): 36-41.
Abstract:
The results of our studies showed that the basic nutrient status of the soil in high-yielding Lonyan orchard is maintained at an optimum level in the six major production areas in Fujian Province.The content of a few nutrient elements(Mg, P)are somewhat lower.We therefore lay emphasis on the importance of enhancing soil fertility.Furthermore,the data also showed that there was significantly or more significantly positive correlation among most of the basic nutrientcontents.These findings indicated that the patterns of soil fertility is in a balanced state.The present paper suggests the optimum range of the basic nutrient contents in the soil of high-yielding Lonyan orchard in Fujian.These criteria may provide the parameters for evaluating soil fertility and nutrient diagnosis of Lonyan orchard.
The results of our studies showed that the basic nutrient status of the soil in high-yielding Lonyan orchard is maintained at an optimum level in the six major production areas in Fujian Province.The content of a few nutrient elements(Mg, P)are somewhat lower.We therefore lay emphasis on the importance of enhancing soil fertility.Furthermore,the data also showed that there was significantly or more significantly positive correlation among most of the basic nutrientcontents.These findings indicated that the patterns of soil fertility is in a balanced state.The present paper suggests the optimum range of the basic nutrient contents in the soil of high-yielding Lonyan orchard in Fujian.These criteria may provide the parameters for evaluating soil fertility and nutrient diagnosis of Lonyan orchard.
1994, 9(4): 42-48.
Abstract:
By using genetic analysis to 5 main morphological characters of frist filial generation from posititively or negatively crossed combinations of Azolla microphylla?A.filiculoides(B譇)and A.mexicana?A.filiculoides(M譇).some of important hereditary features Of F1 generation from interspecific hybridization in Euazolla were revealled, and it provided a basis Of plant morphology and reproductive biology for the identification to hybrid seedlings.These 5 characters include:leaf colour; tricomes on dorsal lobes; glochidia of massulae:sporocarp fertility:and stem bifurcation and plant morphology.Except that the leaf colour and bifurcation of B譇 and M譇 combinations are as same as parent plants, other four hereditary features are different from the parents.In addition.some abortion mechanism of microsporocarp from hybrid progenies and the effect of its fertility on Euazolla taxonomy were preliminarily analysed.
By using genetic analysis to 5 main morphological characters of frist filial generation from posititively or negatively crossed combinations of Azolla microphylla?A.filiculoides(B譇)and A.mexicana?A.filiculoides(M譇).some of important hereditary features Of F1 generation from interspecific hybridization in Euazolla were revealled, and it provided a basis Of plant morphology and reproductive biology for the identification to hybrid seedlings.These 5 characters include:leaf colour; tricomes on dorsal lobes; glochidia of massulae:sporocarp fertility:and stem bifurcation and plant morphology.Except that the leaf colour and bifurcation of B譇 and M譇 combinations are as same as parent plants, other four hereditary features are different from the parents.In addition.some abortion mechanism of microsporocarp from hybrid progenies and the effect of its fertility on Euazolla taxonomy were preliminarily analysed.
1994, 9(4): 49-54.
Abstract:
Scanning electron microscopy was used to follow the fate of Anabaena azollae in Azolla microphylla, A.filiculoides and A.mexicana, and mechanism by which the endophytic Anabaena were partitioned into developing sporocarp.Two kinds of algal hormogonia were found in close association with the trichomes around the base of the sporangial primordia.Most of Anabaena fila-ments entered the developing sporocarps through the pore of the tip in the indusia.But a possibility that the filaments passed through the pore of the base of the developing sporocarps could not precluded as well.The actively dividing vegetative cells of the endophyte were observed inside the developing sporocarps, none of the akinets of Anabaena, however could be seen outside the developing sporocarps.Occasionally, some of the vegetative cells were engulfed in the inner layer cells of the indusium in the nearly matured megasporocarps.
Scanning electron microscopy was used to follow the fate of Anabaena azollae in Azolla microphylla, A.filiculoides and A.mexicana, and mechanism by which the endophytic Anabaena were partitioned into developing sporocarp.Two kinds of algal hormogonia were found in close association with the trichomes around the base of the sporangial primordia.Most of Anabaena fila-ments entered the developing sporocarps through the pore of the tip in the indusia.But a possibility that the filaments passed through the pore of the base of the developing sporocarps could not precluded as well.The actively dividing vegetative cells of the endophyte were observed inside the developing sporocarps, none of the akinets of Anabaena, however could be seen outside the developing sporocarps.Occasionally, some of the vegetative cells were engulfed in the inner layer cells of the indusium in the nearly matured megasporocarps.
1994, 9(4): 55-59.
Abstract:
Agaricus biazei Murvill has been artificially cultured in Japan and Taiwan of China, but the yield was low.In order to further find out its characters, increase the yield and improve the culture technique, some characters of Agaricus btazei Murvill have been explored.The investigation results showed that,a).its spores are ellipse-shaped 6.5×5.0μm:locd-shaped association was found in growing mycellium, the width is arround 5～6μm, b).the optical termperature for the growth of mycellium is 22～23℃, suitable pH is 6.5～7.5, optical humidity in culture medium is growing material:water=1:2.4.optical carbon source is glucose and nitrogen source is(NH4)2SO4, corn meal and wheat bran.c).the optiacl temperature for the development of fruit body is 18～21℃, the air relative humidity is 85～95%.d).adding 864 bacterial solution into culture medium during femetation process may enhance the growth of mycellim, development of fruit body and yield increased 54%to compare with check treatment.e).polysaccharide content in fruit body is 6.55%, protein content is 28.70%, the total aminoacid in each l00 g protein is l9.22 mg,among which the human necessary aminoacids are 9.10 mg and occupied 47.33%of total content rough fat is 2.881%.Agaricus biazei Murvill is a valuable edible fungi.
Agaricus biazei Murvill has been artificially cultured in Japan and Taiwan of China, but the yield was low.In order to further find out its characters, increase the yield and improve the culture technique, some characters of Agaricus btazei Murvill have been explored.The investigation results showed that,a).its spores are ellipse-shaped 6.5×5.0μm:locd-shaped association was found in growing mycellium, the width is arround 5～6μm, b).the optical termperature for the growth of mycellium is 22～23℃, suitable pH is 6.5～7.5, optical humidity in culture medium is growing material:water=1:2.4.optical carbon source is glucose and nitrogen source is(NH4)2SO4, corn meal and wheat bran.c).the optiacl temperature for the development of fruit body is 18～21℃, the air relative humidity is 85～95%.d).adding 864 bacterial solution into culture medium during femetation process may enhance the growth of mycellim, development of fruit body and yield increased 54%to compare with check treatment.e).polysaccharide content in fruit body is 6.55%, protein content is 28.70%, the total aminoacid in each l00 g protein is l9.22 mg,among which the human necessary aminoacids are 9.10 mg and occupied 47.33%of total content rough fat is 2.881%.Agaricus biazei Murvill is a valuable edible fungi.
1994, 9(4): 60-64.
Abstract:
There are 5 species of mite belonging to 5 families on Silver Ear in Fujian Province.They are:1.Tyrophagus putrescentiae(Schrank):2.Blomia freemani Hughes;3.Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Shaw): 4.Tarsonemus insignis Delfinado:S.Siteroptes fusarii Smiley et Moser.Among them.Siteroptes fusarii is the dominant mite.The test results showed that Siteroptes fusarii possesses odourtaxis to Silver Ear.fits high moisture and lives in groups.It feeds on mycelium of spawn.gemma.sporocarps.SilverEar in the third flush or early summer is seriously damaged by Sitroptes fusarii.number of mite reached the peak during that time.The methods to control Silver Ear mite are as following agronomic control is to prevent Silver Ear free from mite and maintain environmental sanitation.The artificial control is to use a brush to clean the mite in the dilute solution of acaricide or to shake the mite into 45℃-50℃ water.The acaricide Comite controlling is the best method.When Silver Ear is in gemma or before the bag growing.Comite dilution in 1:1000 is used to spray in the culture-room or on the bag growings.
There are 5 species of mite belonging to 5 families on Silver Ear in Fujian Province.They are:1.Tyrophagus putrescentiae(Schrank):2.Blomia freemani Hughes;3.Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Shaw): 4.Tarsonemus insignis Delfinado:S.Siteroptes fusarii Smiley et Moser.Among them.Siteroptes fusarii is the dominant mite.The test results showed that Siteroptes fusarii possesses odourtaxis to Silver Ear.fits high moisture and lives in groups.It feeds on mycelium of spawn.gemma.sporocarps.SilverEar in the third flush or early summer is seriously damaged by Sitroptes fusarii.number of mite reached the peak during that time.The methods to control Silver Ear mite are as following agronomic control is to prevent Silver Ear free from mite and maintain environmental sanitation.The artificial control is to use a brush to clean the mite in the dilute solution of acaricide or to shake the mite into 45℃-50℃ water.The acaricide Comite controlling is the best method.When Silver Ear is in gemma or before the bag growing.Comite dilution in 1:1000 is used to spray in the culture-room or on the bag growings.
