1994 Vol. 9, No. 3
Display Method:
1994, 9(3): 1-6.
Abstract:
The shoot tips about 1mm of grafted citrus tree underwent good differentiation on amodified MS medium supplied 6-BA(1.0 mg/L)and NAA(0.4 mg/L).The differentiation rate ofshoot tip varied with the different growing stages.The sproutings just affter the dormancy or atthe vigourous growth stages were most suitable to be the original explants for shoot tip culture.The differentiation rate of shoot tip may reach 78.4%-85.7%and grow well on above moified MS medium.The propagation rate also varied with the different varieties.Healthy plantletsmay be obtained from the continuously cultured buds growing on the modified MS medium.Soaking the base parts of newlydeveloped shoots with 100 mg·kg-1 IBA was favourable to root formation.Optimum concentration of hormone and sucrose,suitable pH in culture medium and sufficient illumination could effectively control the occurance of yellowing and transparent plantlets in the culture tubes.
The shoot tips about 1mm of grafted citrus tree underwent good differentiation on amodified MS medium supplied 6-BA(1.0 mg/L)and NAA(0.4 mg/L).The differentiation rate ofshoot tip varied with the different growing stages.The sproutings just affter the dormancy or atthe vigourous growth stages were most suitable to be the original explants for shoot tip culture.The differentiation rate of shoot tip may reach 78.4%-85.7%and grow well on above moified MS medium.The propagation rate also varied with the different varieties.Healthy plantletsmay be obtained from the continuously cultured buds growing on the modified MS medium.Soaking the base parts of newlydeveloped shoots with 100 mg·kg-1 IBA was favourable to root formation.Optimum concentration of hormone and sucrose,suitable pH in culture medium and sufficient illumination could effectively control the occurance of yellowing and transparent plantlets in the culture tubes.
1994, 9(3): 7-10.
Abstract:
“Mitiangua”,suitable to be cultivated in highmoisture area of Southern China,is a systematic selection of new melon cultivar by our institute through sex hybridization in succession.It bears the characteristics as followings.The main stem is two meters in length;The maturity fruit appears as spherical and glossy lightgreen,which normally loads at offshoot and weighsabout 0.5 kg inaverage.The finely textred flesh is firm,bright green with good fiavour and honey-sweet taste due to its sugar content of more than 13%.“Mitiangua”has shown its excellent resis-tance to fuserium wilt and powery mildew and also its higher tolerance to other virus dis-eases.Special attributions of “Mitiangua”are its earliness and high yield.its maturity period rangs from 7O-100 days after planting.In Fujian,it can be seeded down from March 15 to July 15.The fruit will be mature after 28 days(averaging temperature is not below 25℃),and it should be harvested at suitable stage for remaining optimum quality.
“Mitiangua”,suitable to be cultivated in highmoisture area of Southern China,is a systematic selection of new melon cultivar by our institute through sex hybridization in succession.It bears the characteristics as followings.The main stem is two meters in length;The maturity fruit appears as spherical and glossy lightgreen,which normally loads at offshoot and weighsabout 0.5 kg inaverage.The finely textred flesh is firm,bright green with good fiavour and honey-sweet taste due to its sugar content of more than 13%.“Mitiangua”has shown its excellent resis-tance to fuserium wilt and powery mildew and also its higher tolerance to other virus dis-eases.Special attributions of “Mitiangua”are its earliness and high yield.its maturity period rangs from 7O-100 days after planting.In Fujian,it can be seeded down from March 15 to July 15.The fruit will be mature after 28 days(averaging temperature is not below 25℃),and it should be harvested at suitable stage for remaining optimum quality.
1994, 9(3): 11-15.
Abstract:
During 1984 1993, 403 strains of sweetpotato bacterial wilt(Pseudomonas solanacearumm Smith).which were collected from 42 counties of Fujian and 11 counties from Guangdong,Guangxi, Zhejiang and JiangXi provinces were tested for their pathogenicity。 According to the vilu-lence.these strains were divided into three groups(Ⅰ-Ⅱ).The most widely distributed groupwas the first one),which made up 45.66 percent of the total strains tested.The third group(Ⅲ)was the strongest in virulence, account for 21.34 percent of the total strains。 All the strainstested showed quantitative difference in the virulence.No distinct specificity was found.The distribution of the strains was that, the strains stronger in virulence tended to be in old diseased areaswhere the resistant variety was cultivated, and the strains weaker in virulence existed in new dis-eased areas where the susceptible varieties were cultivated.The blast resistant variety was culti-vated 181 thousand ha.based on the distribution of the strains groups tested in Quanzhou, Ningdeand Fuzhou during 1988 1993.The calculated food increased was 1.5 hundred million kg.The so-cial and economic income increaed was 1.45 hundred million yuan.
During 1984 1993, 403 strains of sweetpotato bacterial wilt(Pseudomonas solanacearumm Smith).which were collected from 42 counties of Fujian and 11 counties from Guangdong,Guangxi, Zhejiang and JiangXi provinces were tested for their pathogenicity。 According to the vilu-lence.these strains were divided into three groups(Ⅰ-Ⅱ).The most widely distributed groupwas the first one),which made up 45.66 percent of the total strains tested.The third group(Ⅲ)was the strongest in virulence, account for 21.34 percent of the total strains。 All the strainstested showed quantitative difference in the virulence.No distinct specificity was found.The distribution of the strains was that, the strains stronger in virulence tended to be in old diseased areaswhere the resistant variety was cultivated, and the strains weaker in virulence existed in new dis-eased areas where the susceptible varieties were cultivated.The blast resistant variety was culti-vated 181 thousand ha.based on the distribution of the strains groups tested in Quanzhou, Ningdeand Fuzhou during 1988 1993.The calculated food increased was 1.5 hundred million kg.The so-cial and economic income increaed was 1.45 hundred million yuan.
1994, 9(3): 16-21.
Abstract:
Both Tilletia controvcrsa Kubn and T. fusca Ell. Ev.are dangerous diseases, which have not been found in China.Due to the similarity or the overlap of the main morphological char。acters between the teliospores of these two species, it is very difficult to distinguish one from the other.In this study,teliospores of T.controvcrsa and T. fusca collected from the inport quarantine were tested and compared in morphology.germination physiology and ridge flouresence.Some improved identilication methods have been proposed.and the comparisons and classications among T. fusca and its closely related specles have been discussed.
Both Tilletia controvcrsa Kubn and T. fusca Ell. Ev.are dangerous diseases, which have not been found in China.Due to the similarity or the overlap of the main morphological char。acters between the teliospores of these two species, it is very difficult to distinguish one from the other.In this study,teliospores of T.controvcrsa and T. fusca collected from the inport quarantine were tested and compared in morphology.germination physiology and ridge flouresence.Some improved identilication methods have been proposed.and the comparisons and classications among T. fusca and its closely related specles have been discussed.
1994, 9(3): 22-26.
Abstract:
Grape leaf blight is a physiologic disease in south China.It prevaled widely and harmed seriously.The main symptom is to drop leaves in large scale and to effect its photosynthesis.As a result.the quality of fruit was graetly deteriorated.and the maturity of fruits delayed.The causes of this disease was supposed as follows:the raining season in south China is usually concentrated in Spring and Summer with long duration.When climate turned into high temperature,the roots of grape were not able to suit that ecologic environment in rhizosphere,thus caused an imbalance between absorption and evaporation.The methods to prevent this disease are:to improve the rhizosphere environment of growing roots:to apply more organic manures; to cover the plastic film on the ground; to build good plant form; to spray pesticide; and to suitably control the yields of fruit.
Grape leaf blight is a physiologic disease in south China.It prevaled widely and harmed seriously.The main symptom is to drop leaves in large scale and to effect its photosynthesis.As a result.the quality of fruit was graetly deteriorated.and the maturity of fruits delayed.The causes of this disease was supposed as follows:the raining season in south China is usually concentrated in Spring and Summer with long duration.When climate turned into high temperature,the roots of grape were not able to suit that ecologic environment in rhizosphere,thus caused an imbalance between absorption and evaporation.The methods to prevent this disease are:to improve the rhizosphere environment of growing roots:to apply more organic manures; to cover the plastic film on the ground; to build good plant form; to spray pesticide; and to suitably control the yields of fruit.
1994, 9(3): 27-30.
Abstract:
This paper dealed with the initial infection source and physiological character of Phoma asparagi Sacc.The investigation showed that the main sources of initial infection come from the diseased stem residues and plants of asparagus which overwintered in field.The pathogen could survive in the diseased stems on soil surface and 15 cm underground for 300 and 30 days respectively.The germination rate of pycnidiospores was determined under 5-25℃ on PSA medium.It germinated in all temperature treatments after 24 hrs, only germinated in 10℃ and 15℃ treatments after 48 hrs, and all failed to germinate after 72 hrs.The optimum relative moisture and temperature for producing pycnidia were 95%-100%and 20-30℃.respectively.on PSA medium, the optimum temperature,pH and carbon source for mycelial growth were 20-30℃, pH 7-8 and glycerin respectively.
This paper dealed with the initial infection source and physiological character of Phoma asparagi Sacc.The investigation showed that the main sources of initial infection come from the diseased stem residues and plants of asparagus which overwintered in field.The pathogen could survive in the diseased stems on soil surface and 15 cm underground for 300 and 30 days respectively.The germination rate of pycnidiospores was determined under 5-25℃ on PSA medium.It germinated in all temperature treatments after 24 hrs, only germinated in 10℃ and 15℃ treatments after 48 hrs, and all failed to germinate after 72 hrs.The optimum relative moisture and temperature for producing pycnidia were 95%-100%and 20-30℃.respectively.on PSA medium, the optimum temperature,pH and carbon source for mycelial growth were 20-30℃, pH 7-8 and glycerin respectively.
1994, 9(3): 31-35.
Abstract:
The yield and relative N,P,Kremoved amounts in the treated block of ten-year successive fertilization were not only higher than that of the check block,but also the reserved and available contents of soil N,P increased.Although the reserved K in soil declined slightly within 5%。the content of available K increased limitedly.
The yield and relative N,P,Kremoved amounts in the treated block of ten-year successive fertilization were not only higher than that of the check block,but also the reserved and available contents of soil N,P increased.Although the reserved K in soil declined slightly within 5%。the content of available K increased limitedly.
1994, 9(3): 36-41.
Abstract:
The field trial and pot experiment were condunted and the soil samples collected from allsites in the provinc were analysed to determine the content of availabl silicon and the effect ofSifertilizer in soil.The results showed that the available silicon content in cultivated land of Fu如nprovince was basically below the critical value (100 mg/kg).The yield of rice.sweetpotato.sugarcane.banana and other crops could be significantly increased when silicon calcium fertilizer wasapplied.Generally.the rice yield could be raisd by 5%-15% when 300-750 kg/hm=siliconcalcium fertilizer was applied.Moreover, silicon could facilitate the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by rice plants and accelerate N.P transfer to ears.Althrough the absorbed amount of K wasreduced, the rice grain yield increased.Application of silicon calcium fertilizer could reduce thepopulation of rice planthopper by 20%-60%and the incidence of banana bunchy top by 25%-50%.The silicon resource in Fujian province is avilable.so it can be further utilized.
The field trial and pot experiment were condunted and the soil samples collected from allsites in the provinc were analysed to determine the content of availabl silicon and the effect ofSifertilizer in soil.The results showed that the available silicon content in cultivated land of Fu如nprovince was basically below the critical value (100 mg/kg).The yield of rice.sweetpotato.sugarcane.banana and other crops could be significantly increased when silicon calcium fertilizer wasapplied.Generally.the rice yield could be raisd by 5%-15% when 300-750 kg/hm=siliconcalcium fertilizer was applied.Moreover, silicon could facilitate the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by rice plants and accelerate N.P transfer to ears.Althrough the absorbed amount of K wasreduced, the rice grain yield increased.Application of silicon calcium fertilizer could reduce thepopulation of rice planthopper by 20%-60%and the incidence of banana bunchy top by 25%-50%.The silicon resource in Fujian province is avilable.so it can be further utilized.
1994, 9(3): 42-45.
Abstract:
Regression simulation was carried out to study the sugar accumulation in the spring planted sugarcane.It was found that sugar accumulation highly coincide with parahola curve.With the decreas of tmperature after the end of September,conversion of vegetative growth into physico-ogial maturity was underwent by cold stress.October was the key period to sugar accumulation.In addition,the earier sugarcane was planted in Spring, the more sugar was accumulated.The effect of plantng season on sugar accumulation was different from 5 tested varierties.With sugar accumulated more and earlier,F.I.83-13 was a constituously high sugar variety in the whole maturing stage,Although M.T.70-611 had high sugar content in the eraly stage,it is recommended to be harvested earlier because this variety has weakness of senescence and degrading sugar in the later stage, In spite of low sugar content in the early stage due to the more tillering stalks,F.I.79-9 rapidly accumulated sugar after the middle October.F.A.82-1112 and F.I.82-7 had lower sugar content than the other tested varieties.
Regression simulation was carried out to study the sugar accumulation in the spring planted sugarcane.It was found that sugar accumulation highly coincide with parahola curve.With the decreas of tmperature after the end of September,conversion of vegetative growth into physico-ogial maturity was underwent by cold stress.October was the key period to sugar accumulation.In addition,the earier sugarcane was planted in Spring, the more sugar was accumulated.The effect of plantng season on sugar accumulation was different from 5 tested varierties.With sugar accumulated more and earlier,F.I.83-13 was a constituously high sugar variety in the whole maturing stage,Although M.T.70-611 had high sugar content in the eraly stage,it is recommended to be harvested earlier because this variety has weakness of senescence and degrading sugar in the later stage, In spite of low sugar content in the early stage due to the more tillering stalks,F.I.79-9 rapidly accumulated sugar after the middle October.F.A.82-1112 and F.I.82-7 had lower sugar content than the other tested varieties.
1994, 9(3): 46-49.
Abstract:
Germanum dioxide was applied as an additive to produce Geenriched mycelia of lucid ganoderma(Ganoderma lucidum)by liquld culture.The fact that bio macromolecule containing GeOrganic germanium was confirmed,bylasting dialysis ,in the extract liquid.In this paper,animportant conclusion was drew out that the enrichment of germanium was not only an absorption but also an assimilation.The physiologic effect of Ge-nrichment was primarily investigated by electrophores,zymographic analysis and gel scanning.Moreover,the possibility that germanium dioxide is to be used as an additive to procdue fruit bodies of lucid ganoderma was studied in this research work.
Germanum dioxide was applied as an additive to produce Geenriched mycelia of lucid ganoderma(Ganoderma lucidum)by liquld culture.The fact that bio macromolecule containing GeOrganic germanium was confirmed,bylasting dialysis ,in the extract liquid.In this paper,animportant conclusion was drew out that the enrichment of germanium was not only an absorption but also an assimilation.The physiologic effect of Ge-nrichment was primarily investigated by electrophores,zymographic analysis and gel scanning.Moreover,the possibility that germanium dioxide is to be used as an additive to procdue fruit bodies of lucid ganoderma was studied in this research work.
1994, 9(3): 50-52.
Abstract:
The Phenotypes ofAlkaline Phosphatase isozyme in serums of native ducks and introduced ducks(Cairina moschata)were investigated by the methods of polyacrylaimde gel electrophoresis.The ducks from four breeds possessed six kinds of alkaline phosphatase isozyme phenotypes.i.e.Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ .and Ⅵ All male ducks had ouly Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ phenotypes, female ducks showed great segregation,their distributions were as follows :Putian Black Duck Ⅰ 6.36%,Ⅱ8.18%,Ⅳ 56.36%, Ⅴ 29.10%:Xiangbai Duck Ⅰ 23.33%, Ⅳ40.00%, Ⅴ 36.67%:Beijing Duck Ⅰ 18.75%Ⅱ 3.13%,Ⅳ3.13%,Ⅴ 75.00%;introduced Duck Ⅰ 30.00%, Ⅱ 36.67%, Ⅳ 10.00%,Ⅴ 13.33,Ⅵ 100%.
The Phenotypes ofAlkaline Phosphatase isozyme in serums of native ducks and introduced ducks(Cairina moschata)were investigated by the methods of polyacrylaimde gel electrophoresis.The ducks from four breeds possessed six kinds of alkaline phosphatase isozyme phenotypes.i.e.Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ .and Ⅵ All male ducks had ouly Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ phenotypes, female ducks showed great segregation,their distributions were as follows :Putian Black Duck Ⅰ 6.36%,Ⅱ8.18%,Ⅳ 56.36%, Ⅴ 29.10%:Xiangbai Duck Ⅰ 23.33%, Ⅳ40.00%, Ⅴ 36.67%:Beijing Duck Ⅰ 18.75%Ⅱ 3.13%,Ⅳ3.13%,Ⅴ 75.00%;introduced Duck Ⅰ 30.00%, Ⅱ 36.67%, Ⅳ 10.00%,Ⅴ 13.33,Ⅵ 100%.
1994, 9(3): 53-55.
Abstract:
The digestibility variations of energy, protein and other nutrient components in feed which had been mixed with natural compound mineral was determined via throughout a digestive trial by using 6 growing boars from the progenies of 3-strain hybridization.The feed was labelled by Cr2O3 to monitor its passing duration through the digestive channel.The results showed that,the digestibility of crude protein of trial group increased 5.82 percentage(79.50%vs。 73.68%,P0.05):the digestibilities of general energy.crude fibre and Ca increased 1.44 percentage (71.25%vs.69.81%),0.56 percentage(40.09%vs.39.53%)and 1.11 percentage(47.48% vs.46.37%)respectively(p0.05):the digestibility of P decreased 1.13 percentage(54.81% vs.55.94%.P0.05) to compare with control group.The duration when feed passed through di-gestive channel of trial group was averagely 23 minutes Ionger than that of control group.
The digestibility variations of energy, protein and other nutrient components in feed which had been mixed with natural compound mineral was determined via throughout a digestive trial by using 6 growing boars from the progenies of 3-strain hybridization.The feed was labelled by Cr2O3 to monitor its passing duration through the digestive channel.The results showed that,the digestibility of crude protein of trial group increased 5.82 percentage(79.50%vs。 73.68%,P0.05):the digestibilities of general energy.crude fibre and Ca increased 1.44 percentage (71.25%vs.69.81%),0.56 percentage(40.09%vs.39.53%)and 1.11 percentage(47.48% vs.46.37%)respectively(p0.05):the digestibility of P decreased 1.13 percentage(54.81% vs.55.94%.P0.05) to compare with control group.The duration when feed passed through di-gestive channel of trial group was averagely 23 minutes Ionger than that of control group.
1994, 9(3): 56-60.
Abstract:
A new airflow 8-armed olfactometer has been developed to test the kairomone responses of the predator.Coccinella scptempunctata.the.aphid.Aphis fabea, and its host plant.Vicia fabe.The results showed that the percentage of kairomone response of the adult predator to the host plant counted to 14.85%, as 1.7 times high as that to the aphid.that of larvae to the host plant was only 2.9%, as 1/6 times high as that to the aphid.The activity of the lalvae predator responding to the kairomone was much Iower than that of the adult.It is assumed that a decision in selection of host habitat location in the hature may be made by the adult predator and the larvae may be passive in searching the food choosen by their adults.
A new airflow 8-armed olfactometer has been developed to test the kairomone responses of the predator.Coccinella scptempunctata.the.aphid.Aphis fabea, and its host plant.Vicia fabe.The results showed that the percentage of kairomone response of the adult predator to the host plant counted to 14.85%, as 1.7 times high as that to the aphid.that of larvae to the host plant was only 2.9%, as 1/6 times high as that to the aphid.The activity of the lalvae predator responding to the kairomone was much Iower than that of the adult.It is assumed that a decision in selection of host habitat location in the hature may be made by the adult predator and the larvae may be passive in searching the food choosen by their adults.
1994, 9(3): 61-64.
Abstract:
The farmland rats Rattus rattoides eziguus were fed in 1990-1992.Male and female adultswere stimulated into oestrus artificially, urge ovulation and fed in pair.The female ones were dissected periodically after pregnancy.the length and weight of embryos were determined.Accordingto the figures between the embryos age and embryos lenght.and between the age with the weight.the regressive analysis was made by linear or quadratic function to establish a mathematical modelfor predicting the peak stage of the furrowing of farmland rat.Simultaneously.the peak stage ofyoung mouse population and the occurrence of heavy eating period can be predicted based on thedifferent periods of individual development.The prediction of furrowing peak stage of farmland ratin Spring and Autumn 1993 was identical to the field examination by digging rat holes and catchingrats.
The farmland rats Rattus rattoides eziguus were fed in 1990-1992.Male and female adultswere stimulated into oestrus artificially, urge ovulation and fed in pair.The female ones were dissected periodically after pregnancy.the length and weight of embryos were determined.Accordingto the figures between the embryos age and embryos lenght.and between the age with the weight.the regressive analysis was made by linear or quadratic function to establish a mathematical modelfor predicting the peak stage of the furrowing of farmland rat.Simultaneously.the peak stage ofyoung mouse population and the occurrence of heavy eating period can be predicted based on thedifferent periods of individual development.The prediction of furrowing peak stage of farmland ratin Spring and Autumn 1993 was identical to the field examination by digging rat holes and catchingrats.
