1993 Vol. 8, No. 3
Display Method:
1993, 8(3): 1-7.
Abstract:
By Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR), the 5’ end of Bacillus thuringieusis var. kurstaki HD-1 toxin gene has been synthesized, using the total DNA of the bacterium as template. The recombinant plasmid pQC20 has been obtained, cloning the PCR fragment into the Bluescript plasmid vector in E. coli. According to the restriction map, the insert of pQC20 belongs to the 5.3 Kb type gene in the Kronstad’s classification system for restriction fragment of length polytype of toxin protein gene. The sequencing result showed that, the synthesized 1959 bp nucleotides are almost the same as the published sequence of 5.3 Kb type toxin gene with only one-nucleotide difference. This 5’ end fragment contains the complete sequence for encoding the activated toxin.
By Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR), the 5’ end of Bacillus thuringieusis var. kurstaki HD-1 toxin gene has been synthesized, using the total DNA of the bacterium as template. The recombinant plasmid pQC20 has been obtained, cloning the PCR fragment into the Bluescript plasmid vector in E. coli. According to the restriction map, the insert of pQC20 belongs to the 5.3 Kb type gene in the Kronstad’s classification system for restriction fragment of length polytype of toxin protein gene. The sequencing result showed that, the synthesized 1959 bp nucleotides are almost the same as the published sequence of 5.3 Kb type toxin gene with only one-nucleotide difference. This 5’ end fragment contains the complete sequence for encoding the activated toxin.
1993, 8(3): 8-14.
Abstract:
Twenty-two parents of some popularized and eliminated varieties of Fujian province in recent years were chosen as materials. The multivariate analysis was applied to measure genetic distance among parents. The results showed that: 1. The genetic distance reflect in large degree the genetic divergence among parents. Cluster analysis showed that the female and male parents of popularized varieties were classified into different clusters. Those parents of eliminated crosses were mostly classified into the same cluster. So the selection of parents from different clusters is a prerequisite of successful hybridization. 2. The analysis revealed that appropriate values of genetic distance among parents of the popularized varieties mostly ranged from D2+S to D2 + 3S and those of eliminated crosses were smaller than D2. 3. The genetic distance was clasely related to the maturity of analysed parents. Those parents with larger differences in maturity also differed greatly in genetic distance. The parents with same or similar maturities were easily to be grouped into the same cluster.
Twenty-two parents of some popularized and eliminated varieties of Fujian province in recent years were chosen as materials. The multivariate analysis was applied to measure genetic distance among parents. The results showed that: 1. The genetic distance reflect in large degree the genetic divergence among parents. Cluster analysis showed that the female and male parents of popularized varieties were classified into different clusters. Those parents of eliminated crosses were mostly classified into the same cluster. So the selection of parents from different clusters is a prerequisite of successful hybridization. 2. The analysis revealed that appropriate values of genetic distance among parents of the popularized varieties mostly ranged from D2+S to D2 + 3S and those of eliminated crosses were smaller than D2. 3. The genetic distance was clasely related to the maturity of analysed parents. Those parents with larger differences in maturity also differed greatly in genetic distance. The parents with same or similar maturities were easily to be grouped into the same cluster.
1993, 8(3): 15-20.
Abstract:
Continuous 5-year determination showed that,under the comprehensive reaction of various practices, the fish yield in artificial controlling biosphere maintained 3. 7t/ha, and its rice grain yield has also slightly increased to compare with traditional farming system in the condition which decreased 70% chemical fertilizer. The results of long-term determination demonstrated that, O. M, total N and total P in artificial controlling biosphere accumulated year by year, and higher than that in traditional farming plots. Furthermore, the soil fertility in pits and ditches is higher than field surface layer in the same plot. The supply of quick-acting nutrition from the soil of artificial biosphere plots characters high fertility and stability. It thus proved practically the posibility to realize sustainable agriculture with high yield, low consumption and pollution.
Continuous 5-year determination showed that,under the comprehensive reaction of various practices, the fish yield in artificial controlling biosphere maintained 3. 7t/ha, and its rice grain yield has also slightly increased to compare with traditional farming system in the condition which decreased 70% chemical fertilizer. The results of long-term determination demonstrated that, O. M, total N and total P in artificial controlling biosphere accumulated year by year, and higher than that in traditional farming plots. Furthermore, the soil fertility in pits and ditches is higher than field surface layer in the same plot. The supply of quick-acting nutrition from the soil of artificial biosphere plots characters high fertility and stability. It thus proved practically the posibility to realize sustainable agriculture with high yield, low consumption and pollution.
1993, 8(3): 21-26.
Abstract:
Total 18 strains of bacteria have been isolated from the compost of strawmushroom, among which 9 strains with N-fixing activity. The selected 864 strain has the character to improve the twist of mycelium and the development of fruit body of strawmushroom. The study on its functional mechanism showed that, 1. It increases the fermentation temperature, alters the microorganism flora in culture medium, increases the amounts of total N, P and K, thus optimized the culture medium; 2. It can fix nitrogen from air, N-fixing activity reaches 0.43 nmol C2H4/vial. hour; 3. The bacterial excretion twists bean sprouts for 0.5 to 1 ring, suggested the exist of hormone substrate; 4. The culture solution contain polysaccharide, protein, and vitamines which may improve the nutrition condition for mushroom growth.
Total 18 strains of bacteria have been isolated from the compost of strawmushroom, among which 9 strains with N-fixing activity. The selected 864 strain has the character to improve the twist of mycelium and the development of fruit body of strawmushroom. The study on its functional mechanism showed that, 1. It increases the fermentation temperature, alters the microorganism flora in culture medium, increases the amounts of total N, P and K, thus optimized the culture medium; 2. It can fix nitrogen from air, N-fixing activity reaches 0.43 nmol C2H4/vial. hour; 3. The bacterial excretion twists bean sprouts for 0.5 to 1 ring, suggested the exist of hormone substrate; 4. The culture solution contain polysaccharide, protein, and vitamines which may improve the nutrition condition for mushroom growth.
1993, 8(3): 27-30.
Abstract:
The karyotypes of four asparagus cultivars were studied using the tips of bud as material. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of the chromosomes in different cultivars were distinctive from each other. the karyotype of variety SEMILIA is 2n = 20= 10m+ 10sm; The varieties Uc72 and Uc157 are 2n = 20 = 8m + 12sm; and variety Mary Washington 500W, 2n = 20= 12m + 8sm. The results will offer a useful reference for the breeding of asparagus. The way to improve the zymolysis using buds as material was described, and the effect of the plant-culturing methods on cell-dividing period and the optimum sampling time were also discussed.
The karyotypes of four asparagus cultivars were studied using the tips of bud as material. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of the chromosomes in different cultivars were distinctive from each other. the karyotype of variety SEMILIA is 2n = 20= 10m+ 10sm; The varieties Uc72 and Uc157 are 2n = 20 = 8m + 12sm; and variety Mary Washington 500W, 2n = 20= 12m + 8sm. The results will offer a useful reference for the breeding of asparagus. The way to improve the zymolysis using buds as material was described, and the effect of the plant-culturing methods on cell-dividing period and the optimum sampling time were also discussed.
1993, 8(3): 32-37.
Abstract:
A new procedure, so called two-step protection for cryopreservation of Azolla meristems was developed, i. e. the meristems were pretreated by using a low concentration of DMSO, which exhibit strong penetrating ability before freezing, then treated by a high concentration of VS2, which has lower penetrating ability, as a protectant while freezing. The effect of the procedure on the meristems both of A. filiculoides and A. caroliniana at the same cooling rate was investigated. All physiological state of the meristems, concentration of DMSO, time course of protection treatment and cooling rate can effect significantly on survival rate of the meristems. 53 meristems of A. filiculoides from 18 treatments frozen at-30℃ could survive,the best survival rate reached 100%, and 14 meristems of A. filiculoides from 5 treatments frozen at-32.5 ℃ could survive as well.
A new procedure, so called two-step protection for cryopreservation of Azolla meristems was developed, i. e. the meristems were pretreated by using a low concentration of DMSO, which exhibit strong penetrating ability before freezing, then treated by a high concentration of VS2, which has lower penetrating ability, as a protectant while freezing. The effect of the procedure on the meristems both of A. filiculoides and A. caroliniana at the same cooling rate was investigated. All physiological state of the meristems, concentration of DMSO, time course of protection treatment and cooling rate can effect significantly on survival rate of the meristems. 53 meristems of A. filiculoides from 18 treatments frozen at-30℃ could survive,the best survival rate reached 100%, and 14 meristems of A. filiculoides from 5 treatments frozen at-32.5 ℃ could survive as well.
1993, 8(3): 38-43.
Abstract:
A large area of lateritic paddy field covers the south of China. One of its basic features is poor fertility with low amount of organic matter, insufficient and imbalanced available nutrition. A series of field, pot experiments and laboratory analysis showed that, the dynamics(accumulation and decomposition)of organic matter in lateritic paddy field has not gotten equilibrium in the high temperature and rainy subtropical area. A succesive 4-year in situ trial treated by different amounts of organic manure showed that the accumulation of soil organic matter is more rapid than that of decomposition and the content of organic matter tends to be raised with the amount of organic manure application, meanwhile, composition of humus has been improved. However, organic manure application can lead to the fluctuation of ecosystem in paddy soil, speed up the reduction process, reduce redox potential, promote the production of reducing matter and decrease pH value in a short duration, this effect will be relaxed if lime is incorperated simultanously.
A large area of lateritic paddy field covers the south of China. One of its basic features is poor fertility with low amount of organic matter, insufficient and imbalanced available nutrition. A series of field, pot experiments and laboratory analysis showed that, the dynamics(accumulation and decomposition)of organic matter in lateritic paddy field has not gotten equilibrium in the high temperature and rainy subtropical area. A succesive 4-year in situ trial treated by different amounts of organic manure showed that the accumulation of soil organic matter is more rapid than that of decomposition and the content of organic matter tends to be raised with the amount of organic manure application, meanwhile, composition of humus has been improved. However, organic manure application can lead to the fluctuation of ecosystem in paddy soil, speed up the reduction process, reduce redox potential, promote the production of reducing matter and decrease pH value in a short duration, this effect will be relaxed if lime is incorperated simultanously.
1993, 8(3): 44-48.
Abstract:
The commercial bulbs of narcissus(Narcissus tazetta)are often excessive growth in the condition of weak sunlight and low temperature in winter hydroponics. After the treatment by PP-333, the activity of Per-oxidase was enhanced. the content of chlorophyll of leaf per unit weight was increased. Meanwhile, after PP-333 Treatment, the plant shape becomes compact and dwarf. So that the ornamental value of hydroponic narcissus was increased.
The commercial bulbs of narcissus(Narcissus tazetta)are often excessive growth in the condition of weak sunlight and low temperature in winter hydroponics. After the treatment by PP-333, the activity of Per-oxidase was enhanced. the content of chlorophyll of leaf per unit weight was increased. Meanwhile, after PP-333 Treatment, the plant shape becomes compact and dwarf. So that the ornamental value of hydroponic narcissus was increased.
