1993 Vol. 8, No. 2
Display Method:
1993, 8(2): 1-4.
Abstract:
Banana bunchy-top virus (BBTV) has been purified from diseased banana tissues in Fujian province,China.The banana tissues are pulverized with liquid nitrogen in a coffee grinder.The extracts are clarified with chloroform-butanol,and concentrated by one cycle of differential centrifugation.The suspension of the pellets is further centrifuged on the top of two layer sucrose cushions with 10% and 30% concentrations.The particles in the cushions are collected, concentrated, resuspended and centrifuged on the top of 0 - 40 % sucrose density gradient.The virus particles in a UV-absorbing band on the uppper tube of the sucrose density gradient are further purified in a discontinuous density gradient of cesium sulfate and form a narrow visible band containing a large number of highly purified isometric virus with the diameter about 18 nm.The virus is able to be detected in the process of purification by ELISA with the monoclonal antibody a-gainst BBTV which provided from Taiwan University, and be trapped by ISEM from the clarified extract.The monoclonal antibody has been used to diagnose the field-growing banana samples and tissue culture seedlings.
Banana bunchy-top virus (BBTV) has been purified from diseased banana tissues in Fujian province,China.The banana tissues are pulverized with liquid nitrogen in a coffee grinder.The extracts are clarified with chloroform-butanol,and concentrated by one cycle of differential centrifugation.The suspension of the pellets is further centrifuged on the top of two layer sucrose cushions with 10% and 30% concentrations.The particles in the cushions are collected, concentrated, resuspended and centrifuged on the top of 0 - 40 % sucrose density gradient.The virus particles in a UV-absorbing band on the uppper tube of the sucrose density gradient are further purified in a discontinuous density gradient of cesium sulfate and form a narrow visible band containing a large number of highly purified isometric virus with the diameter about 18 nm.The virus is able to be detected in the process of purification by ELISA with the monoclonal antibody a-gainst BBTV which provided from Taiwan University, and be trapped by ISEM from the clarified extract.The monoclonal antibody has been used to diagnose the field-growing banana samples and tissue culture seedlings.
1993, 8(2): 5-7.
Abstract:
The bacteriocin productivity of Xanthomonas camperstris pv.oryzicola, Xanthomonas camperstris pv.oryzae and Xanthomonas camperstris pv.citri, that totally have 92 strains from different places, was detected by double-layer medium method.The results showed that 34 strains produced bacteriocin, occupies 37% of the total strains.Among the bacteriocin-producing strains, crossinhibition reaction was observed in 4 different species.The diameter of inhibition zones varied from 2-6mm.The inhibition ability of bacteriocin-producing strains to the same species was better than that to different species.
The bacteriocin productivity of Xanthomonas camperstris pv.oryzicola, Xanthomonas camperstris pv.oryzae and Xanthomonas camperstris pv.citri, that totally have 92 strains from different places, was detected by double-layer medium method.The results showed that 34 strains produced bacteriocin, occupies 37% of the total strains.Among the bacteriocin-producing strains, crossinhibition reaction was observed in 4 different species.The diameter of inhibition zones varied from 2-6mm.The inhibition ability of bacteriocin-producing strains to the same species was better than that to different species.
1993, 8(2): 7-7.
Abstract:
Recently,816 varietices of black rice have been introduced early or late from Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi,Shanxi and Jiangshu Provinces as well as other countries.The medical constituent for haelth care and the content of microelements of some representative va-rieties were analysed.Simultanously,the breeding by Co60γ-ray indctuion was also undertaken.The preliminary results are as follows:1.The mainly medical constituent and microelement is various among different black rice varieties.2.The content of natural Germanium(Ge)which showed the depressing function on cancer and heart-hemal diseases in the black seed coat of Wuzhenzhao No.3-the im-proved short,stalked variety from Co60γ-ray induction reached as high as 0.710 ug/g,while only 0.013 ug/g of Ge was found in com-mon rice seed coat;only 0.090 ug/g and 0.560 ug/g of Ge in the fruit of Chinese wolfberry(Lycium chinense Mill)and the glossy gan-oderma(Ganoderma lucidum)respectively.3.Three varieties-BC-15,BC-18 (high stalked varieties) and BC-36(short stalked variety) were found to contain cardiac glycoside which is an important component for improving the heart function.
Recently,816 varietices of black rice have been introduced early or late from Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi,Shanxi and Jiangshu Provinces as well as other countries.The medical constituent for haelth care and the content of microelements of some representative va-rieties were analysed.Simultanously,the breeding by Co60γ-ray indctuion was also undertaken.The preliminary results are as follows:1.The mainly medical constituent and microelement is various among different black rice varieties.2.The content of natural Germanium(Ge)which showed the depressing function on cancer and heart-hemal diseases in the black seed coat of Wuzhenzhao No.3-the im-proved short,stalked variety from Co60γ-ray induction reached as high as 0.710 ug/g,while only 0.013 ug/g of Ge was found in com-mon rice seed coat;only 0.090 ug/g and 0.560 ug/g of Ge in the fruit of Chinese wolfberry(Lycium chinense Mill)and the glossy gan-oderma(Ganoderma lucidum)respectively.3.Three varieties-BC-15,BC-18 (high stalked varieties) and BC-36(short stalked variety) were found to contain cardiac glycoside which is an important component for improving the heart function.
1993, 8(2): 8-14.
Abstract:
The fertility performance of 5460 FTS (Fujian Thermo-sensitive Genie Male Sterile Rice 5460 (Oryza saliva subsp.indica)),and hybrid progenies from 5460 FTS with 13 indica cultivars was studied under naturally high tempareture during 1990-1991.It was suggested that major genes of 5460 FTS fertility were rryy, those of indica cultivars fertility were RRYY.R gene showed complete dominance,it resulted in anthers of all spikelets to develop well.Y gene caused anthers of some spikelets to grow well, fertility of pollens was showed to be partially fertile.R and Y, when coexisting, brought about anthers of all spikelets to develop well, thus fertility of pollens was also fertile.The fertility of regenerated plant was observed during the season at normal temperature in 1990.The results showed that the fertility of 5460 FTS transformated obviously and the rate of fertile pollens occupied more than 60%,and that the fertility of indeca cultivars and reciprocal cross F1 s was also fertile.The abortive plants were not discovered and mass fertility was fertile in F2 and backcross gengerations.
The fertility performance of 5460 FTS (Fujian Thermo-sensitive Genie Male Sterile Rice 5460 (Oryza saliva subsp.indica)),and hybrid progenies from 5460 FTS with 13 indica cultivars was studied under naturally high tempareture during 1990-1991.It was suggested that major genes of 5460 FTS fertility were rryy, those of indica cultivars fertility were RRYY.R gene showed complete dominance,it resulted in anthers of all spikelets to develop well.Y gene caused anthers of some spikelets to grow well, fertility of pollens was showed to be partially fertile.R and Y, when coexisting, brought about anthers of all spikelets to develop well, thus fertility of pollens was also fertile.The fertility of regenerated plant was observed during the season at normal temperature in 1990.The results showed that the fertility of 5460 FTS transformated obviously and the rate of fertile pollens occupied more than 60%,and that the fertility of indeca cultivars and reciprocal cross F1 s was also fertile.The abortive plants were not discovered and mass fertility was fertile in F2 and backcross gengerations.
1993, 8(2): 15-18.
Abstract:
The relationship between seed-producing number of Xinnong watermelon hybrid F1 and their weight and fruit-bearing number has been determined.The results showed that the correlative range between onemelon weight and its seed number during spring and autumn seasons is positively related from 0.4 to 4.8 kg and 0.4 to 3.8 kg respectively, belongs to the quadratic exponential equation.Within the range of 0.4 -3.0 kg one-melon weight, the seed-producing number increases linearly with the increase of melon weight in both two seed-producing seasons.The seed-producing number per plant is positively related to the increase of melon-bearing number.and belongs to the natural logarithm equation.But 100-seed weight and quality showed no significantly difference by the variance analysis.Thus, the measures for increasing seed-producing number in given area include two respects: (1) To increase watermelon number per plant; (2) To limit the watermelon weight below 3.0 kg.
The relationship between seed-producing number of Xinnong watermelon hybrid F1 and their weight and fruit-bearing number has been determined.The results showed that the correlative range between onemelon weight and its seed number during spring and autumn seasons is positively related from 0.4 to 4.8 kg and 0.4 to 3.8 kg respectively, belongs to the quadratic exponential equation.Within the range of 0.4 -3.0 kg one-melon weight, the seed-producing number increases linearly with the increase of melon weight in both two seed-producing seasons.The seed-producing number per plant is positively related to the increase of melon-bearing number.and belongs to the natural logarithm equation.But 100-seed weight and quality showed no significantly difference by the variance analysis.Thus, the measures for increasing seed-producing number in given area include two respects: (1) To increase watermelon number per plant; (2) To limit the watermelon weight below 3.0 kg.
1993, 8(2): 19-22.
Abstract:
The variation regularity of esterase (EST) zymogram in brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) population during rice-growing stages or at different habitats was studied.The results showed that there were three bands designating as A, B and C bands with transferring rates of 0.4102, 0.4709 and 0.5042 respectively, which composed four zymogram types, i.e.I -c, II -BC, III -AC and IV-ABC, in EST zymo-gram of brown planthopper population.In the rice-growing season, the brown planthopper population was consisted of different individuals possessing these four zymogram types, and formed the population heterogeneity.At the begining of population establishment (in May), the rate of type I (0.46) was lower, it increased with the population development and maintained stably around 0.6.In November, the terminal of rice-growing season, the rate of type I went up to 0.9, there were also significant differences of the EST zymogram in N.Lugens among the samples from black lig’lt trap, lower part of rice plant and artificial propagation under caged condition.The analysis results showed that higher proportion of type I indicates the more healthy situation of brown planthopper population.
The variation regularity of esterase (EST) zymogram in brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) population during rice-growing stages or at different habitats was studied.The results showed that there were three bands designating as A, B and C bands with transferring rates of 0.4102, 0.4709 and 0.5042 respectively, which composed four zymogram types, i.e.I -c, II -BC, III -AC and IV-ABC, in EST zymo-gram of brown planthopper population.In the rice-growing season, the brown planthopper population was consisted of different individuals possessing these four zymogram types, and formed the population heterogeneity.At the begining of population establishment (in May), the rate of type I (0.46) was lower, it increased with the population development and maintained stably around 0.6.In November, the terminal of rice-growing season, the rate of type I went up to 0.9, there were also significant differences of the EST zymogram in N.Lugens among the samples from black lig’lt trap, lower part of rice plant and artificial propagation under caged condition.The analysis results showed that higher proportion of type I indicates the more healthy situation of brown planthopper population.
1993, 8(2): 23-29.
Abstract:
Although the common understanding that applying only chemical fertilizer in long duration will cause the deterioration of soil fertility and decrease crop yield has been reached, few data on long-term observation in fixed location were reported.Our studies in continuously seven cropping seasons showed that, the yield-maintaining rates of urea-broadcasting, urea+azolla, urea+ricestraw treatments are 81.6-89.0%, 100.5-102.6%and 101.1 - 101.7% respectively.Combining application of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure tends to enhance rice grain yield.When calculating on the input of each kg pure nitrogen, the economical benefits of applying azolla and ricestraw were increased 1.10-1.28 and 0.80 - 0.96 folds respectively.Furthermore, the input/output ratio of nitrogen application was increased 8.0 - 9.0%,maximal-ly, 22.6%.Applying inorganic N with azolla and ricestraw caused the increase of soil total N (0.019 -0.049%), O.M.(0.08-0.66% ), decrease of soil B.D (0.0450 - 0.120g/cm3), specific gravity (0.015 - 0.030g/cm3), dispersive coefficient (0.68 - 4.53%), also the increase of physical clay content ( 0.01mm, 1.77-5.79%) .The soil microecological environment was improved.
Although the common understanding that applying only chemical fertilizer in long duration will cause the deterioration of soil fertility and decrease crop yield has been reached, few data on long-term observation in fixed location were reported.Our studies in continuously seven cropping seasons showed that, the yield-maintaining rates of urea-broadcasting, urea+azolla, urea+ricestraw treatments are 81.6-89.0%, 100.5-102.6%and 101.1 - 101.7% respectively.Combining application of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure tends to enhance rice grain yield.When calculating on the input of each kg pure nitrogen, the economical benefits of applying azolla and ricestraw were increased 1.10-1.28 and 0.80 - 0.96 folds respectively.Furthermore, the input/output ratio of nitrogen application was increased 8.0 - 9.0%,maximal-ly, 22.6%.Applying inorganic N with azolla and ricestraw caused the increase of soil total N (0.019 -0.049%), O.M.(0.08-0.66% ), decrease of soil B.D (0.0450 - 0.120g/cm3), specific gravity (0.015 - 0.030g/cm3), dispersive coefficient (0.68 - 4.53%), also the increase of physical clay content ( 0.01mm, 1.77-5.79%) .The soil microecological environment was improved.
1993, 8(2): 30-34.
Abstract:
Microstructural Mapping technique is a new cross discipline which is the organic combination of microphotogrammetry, pattern recognition and computer technique as well as relative theories.This article emphatically introduces the present development on micrology owing to the application of techniques of stere-omicrophotogrammetry, pattern recognition and computer based on microstructural mapping technique.Several suggestions on applying above new techniques to microbiological research was also proposed.
Microstructural Mapping technique is a new cross discipline which is the organic combination of microphotogrammetry, pattern recognition and computer technique as well as relative theories.This article emphatically introduces the present development on micrology owing to the application of techniques of stere-omicrophotogrammetry, pattern recognition and computer based on microstructural mapping technique.Several suggestions on applying above new techniques to microbiological research was also proposed.
1993, 8(2): 35-39.
Abstract:
The reserved maternal plant culture of asparagus was applied by N P K.Its econo-reasonable rates were N 52kg,P2O5 13 kg and K2O 47 kg.N : P2O5 : K2O is 1 : 0.25: 0.9 in raing and high temperate climate in wet sand soil in asparagus garden plot.30% total application was applied before and stop of picking asparagus respectively.40% of total topdressing is best in picking period.This fertilizer of N P K gives biggest effectivity on asparagus yield.It can gain best economic effect.
The reserved maternal plant culture of asparagus was applied by N P K.Its econo-reasonable rates were N 52kg,P2O5 13 kg and K2O 47 kg.N : P2O5 : K2O is 1 : 0.25: 0.9 in raing and high temperate climate in wet sand soil in asparagus garden plot.30% total application was applied before and stop of picking asparagus respectively.40% of total topdressing is best in picking period.This fertilizer of N P K gives biggest effectivity on asparagus yield.It can gain best economic effect.
1993, 8(2): 40-43.
Abstract:
Non-flowering chewing cane and sugarcane varieties were subjected to 12.25-hour photoperiodic treatment supplemented with blue and far-red lights daily at 6 : 00 to 8 : 00 a.m.and 4 : 00 to 6 : 15 p.m.separately to replace outdoor illumination for the florescent induction and conventional treatment of gradually shortening day-length was also used as the control.The fine chewing cane in Fujian province, Tong-an chewing cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) was inducted to bloom in the first time and the cultural varieties, CP65-357, Mingtang 81-235, Ganzhe 65-542 and Yuetang 65-906 were also inducted to bloom but none of abovementioned sugarcane varieties flowered by control treatment of gradually shortening day-length except CP 65-357.
Non-flowering chewing cane and sugarcane varieties were subjected to 12.25-hour photoperiodic treatment supplemented with blue and far-red lights daily at 6 : 00 to 8 : 00 a.m.and 4 : 00 to 6 : 15 p.m.separately to replace outdoor illumination for the florescent induction and conventional treatment of gradually shortening day-length was also used as the control.The fine chewing cane in Fujian province, Tong-an chewing cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) was inducted to bloom in the first time and the cultural varieties, CP65-357, Mingtang 81-235, Ganzhe 65-542 and Yuetang 65-906 were also inducted to bloom but none of abovementioned sugarcane varieties flowered by control treatment of gradually shortening day-length except CP 65-357.
1993, 8(2): 44-48.
Abstract:
The available status of soil potassium in some cultivated soils were comprehensively appraised by using Gapon coefficient (KG) and Q/I parameters (PBCk, ΔKo and ARGk) .The results showed that KG, PBCk, ΔKo and ARGk of the soils were significantly different with the composition of clay minerals.Soil samples 1, 2, 6 and 7 with predominant vermiculite and illite had high KG, PBCK and ΔKo but low ARke, which indicated that most of potassium in these soils were firmly retained on interlattice sites and difficult to be desorbed, so these soils showed strong potassium fixation and low potassium availability.Conversely, soil samples 3, 8, 9 and 10 with Kaolinite as dominant clay mineral had low KG, PBCK and ΔKo but high ARKe, which indicated that most of potassium in these soils were bound on planar sites with low selectivity to potassium and more easy to be desorbed, so these soils showed weak potassium fixation and high potassium availability, and the others (soil samples 4 and 5) with most abundant illite and sub-dominant Kaolinite showed intermediate potassium availability.
The available status of soil potassium in some cultivated soils were comprehensively appraised by using Gapon coefficient (KG) and Q/I parameters (PBCk, ΔKo and ARGk) .The results showed that KG, PBCk, ΔKo and ARGk of the soils were significantly different with the composition of clay minerals.Soil samples 1, 2, 6 and 7 with predominant vermiculite and illite had high KG, PBCK and ΔKo but low ARke, which indicated that most of potassium in these soils were firmly retained on interlattice sites and difficult to be desorbed, so these soils showed strong potassium fixation and low potassium availability.Conversely, soil samples 3, 8, 9 and 10 with Kaolinite as dominant clay mineral had low KG, PBCK and ΔKo but high ARKe, which indicated that most of potassium in these soils were bound on planar sites with low selectivity to potassium and more easy to be desorbed, so these soils showed weak potassium fixation and high potassium availability, and the others (soil samples 4 and 5) with most abundant illite and sub-dominant Kaolinite showed intermediate potassium availability.
