1990 Vol. 5, No. 2
Display Method:
1990, 5(2): 1-6.
Abstract:
The transmissive approaches of witches’broom longan were studied. The diseade can transmit through seed, budwood, insect and dodder. pollen may carry the virus. But it can not transmit through a rubbing way like sap.The transmissive experiments with insect during 1985-1989 showed that tessaratoma papillosa Drury and Cornegenapsylla sinica Yang et Li could transmit the witches’ broom, which could furnish us a convincing evidence of why the disease could spread in the orchard and which could help us to set up a principle to prevent the disease by control of the insects.Unclean seed and budwood, earring the virus more or less, would substantially damage production owing to the fact that not only can cause the seedling and grafts to be diseased, but also can transmit and spread the disease through unclean seed and budwood and plant when they are transported to disease-free area or a new orchard. In order to prevent the witches’ broom of longan from spreading, it is recommended that the quarantine measure should be enforced; diseasefree plants should be propagated and cultivated and the insects concernedshould be controlled.
The transmissive approaches of witches’broom longan were studied. The diseade can transmit through seed, budwood, insect and dodder. pollen may carry the virus. But it can not transmit through a rubbing way like sap.The transmissive experiments with insect during 1985-1989 showed that tessaratoma papillosa Drury and Cornegenapsylla sinica Yang et Li could transmit the witches’ broom, which could furnish us a convincing evidence of why the disease could spread in the orchard and which could help us to set up a principle to prevent the disease by control of the insects.Unclean seed and budwood, earring the virus more or less, would substantially damage production owing to the fact that not only can cause the seedling and grafts to be diseased, but also can transmit and spread the disease through unclean seed and budwood and plant when they are transported to disease-free area or a new orchard. In order to prevent the witches’ broom of longan from spreading, it is recommended that the quarantine measure should be enforced; diseasefree plants should be propagated and cultivated and the insects concernedshould be controlled.
1990, 5(2): 7-11.
Abstract:
Eifteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola were established. The chromosome numbers of the hybridoma cell lines ranged from 98 to 104. The ELISA titers of the culture supernatants and the ascitic fluid were 102—103 and 105—106, respectively. Seven of the fifteen McAbs belonged to IgG3, three to IgG2a, one to IgG2b and four to IgM. The reaction of the mcAbs with X. c. pv. oryzicola was specific and none of the McAbs reacted with other patnogenic varieties in X. campestris, such as X. c. pv. oryzae, strains of other 4 plant pathogenic bacterial genera and some becteria on the surface of rice leaves and seeds.
Eifteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola were established. The chromosome numbers of the hybridoma cell lines ranged from 98 to 104. The ELISA titers of the culture supernatants and the ascitic fluid were 102—103 and 105—106, respectively. Seven of the fifteen McAbs belonged to IgG3, three to IgG2a, one to IgG2b and four to IgM. The reaction of the mcAbs with X. c. pv. oryzicola was specific and none of the McAbs reacted with other patnogenic varieties in X. campestris, such as X. c. pv. oryzae, strains of other 4 plant pathogenic bacterial genera and some becteria on the surface of rice leaves and seeds.
1990, 5(2): 12-19.
Abstract:
In the paper, the rice seeds under various physiological states-dry, wet reveal bud and bud off were irradiated with 60Co-r ray, and the mutagenic effects were detected. The results showed that the radiation sensitivity varied with the physiological states of rice seeds. Most sensitive state was reveal bud of seed, followed bud off, wet and dry state. The mutagen doses of LD50 for reveal bud and bud off state hold 15-17% of that dry seed state needed.In M2 generation, the mutation frequency of chlorophyll deficient, heading date, plant height and sterility were observed. The results show that the mutation frequency of germinating seeds were higher than the dry seeds. The mean mutation frequency might raise 68.5% for reveal bud state and might raise 54.1% for bud off. The optimal radiation dosage for reveal bud and bud off states ranges 8-10Krad all.
In the paper, the rice seeds under various physiological states-dry, wet reveal bud and bud off were irradiated with 60Co-r ray, and the mutagenic effects were detected. The results showed that the radiation sensitivity varied with the physiological states of rice seeds. Most sensitive state was reveal bud of seed, followed bud off, wet and dry state. The mutagen doses of LD50 for reveal bud and bud off state hold 15-17% of that dry seed state needed.In M2 generation, the mutation frequency of chlorophyll deficient, heading date, plant height and sterility were observed. The results show that the mutation frequency of germinating seeds were higher than the dry seeds. The mean mutation frequency might raise 68.5% for reveal bud state and might raise 54.1% for bud off. The optimal radiation dosage for reveal bud and bud off states ranges 8-10Krad all.
1990, 5(2): 20-24.
Abstract:
The designed method of split-split-plot has been applied to study the effect of genotype, row spacing and the number of plants per hill on the yield in spring soybean the results show that pudon 8008 is a good variety with high-yielding characteristics and it is feasible to be popularized in spring soybean area in Fujian. Furthermore, it is essential to make high yield by row spacing 0.8M and 3 plants per hill in spring soybean. It can fully utilize border effect, and also maintain pipulation with high yield about 25?103 plants per mu in spring soybean.
The designed method of split-split-plot has been applied to study the effect of genotype, row spacing and the number of plants per hill on the yield in spring soybean the results show that pudon 8008 is a good variety with high-yielding characteristics and it is feasible to be popularized in spring soybean area in Fujian. Furthermore, it is essential to make high yield by row spacing 0.8M and 3 plants per hill in spring soybean. It can fully utilize border effect, and also maintain pipulation with high yield about 25?103 plants per mu in spring soybean.
1990, 5(2): 25-31.
Abstract:
Orthogonal-gyrating design for five factors was applied in this study. The seeding time, sowing norm, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer were used as variables with five levels per factor. The field trials were conducted at the Experimental station of putian Institute of Agricultural Science in 1987-1988. The result showed that the effect of seeding time on yield was most remarkable, followed potash fertilizer and sowing norm. An appropriate technical project of cnltivation for producing 250-300kg/mu was composted of following agricultural practies, such as sowing time11/8-11/11, sowing norm 5.86-7.10 kg/mu, carbamide 21.24-27.54 kg/mu, calcium superphate 23.5-29.0kg/mu and potassium chbo ride 10.83-13.28 kg/mu.
Orthogonal-gyrating design for five factors was applied in this study. The seeding time, sowing norm, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer were used as variables with five levels per factor. The field trials were conducted at the Experimental station of putian Institute of Agricultural Science in 1987-1988. The result showed that the effect of seeding time on yield was most remarkable, followed potash fertilizer and sowing norm. An appropriate technical project of cnltivation for producing 250-300kg/mu was composted of following agricultural practies, such as sowing time11/8-11/11, sowing norm 5.86-7.10 kg/mu, carbamide 21.24-27.54 kg/mu, calcium superphate 23.5-29.0kg/mu and potassium chbo ride 10.83-13.28 kg/mu.
1990, 5(2): 32-38.
Abstract:
The comprehensive research way using the knowledge of various subjects was employed to study how to combine farming with stock raising in Fujian agricultural area where the average cultivated snlad per capita was only half that of China. Three effective mea ures were achieved: 1. to exploit forage resources from excavating-the potentialities of time, space, crop yield and comprehensive utilization in the limited cultivated land as well as from cultivating forage on the mountainous region. 2. to develop the anima lhusba-ndry with lower consumption, i. e. D X N hybrid swine and goose raising as well as popularizing mixed food with whole nutrition. 3. to build the key projects such as mixed food processing factory and methane-generating pit et al. thus forming a fine cycle model which links up the farming and stock raising. The benefit has been gained from the fine cycle model in the researchbase-Longmen town during the past three years. For example,the average annual net income per capita, the output valuo of farming and stock raising have been increased 1.62, 0.73, 1.43 times respectively. And the proportion of stock raising in the agriculture has increased from 23.7% to 36.1%.
The comprehensive research way using the knowledge of various subjects was employed to study how to combine farming with stock raising in Fujian agricultural area where the average cultivated snlad per capita was only half that of China. Three effective mea ures were achieved: 1. to exploit forage resources from excavating-the potentialities of time, space, crop yield and comprehensive utilization in the limited cultivated land as well as from cultivating forage on the mountainous region. 2. to develop the anima lhusba-ndry with lower consumption, i. e. D X N hybrid swine and goose raising as well as popularizing mixed food with whole nutrition. 3. to build the key projects such as mixed food processing factory and methane-generating pit et al. thus forming a fine cycle model which links up the farming and stock raising. The benefit has been gained from the fine cycle model in the researchbase-Longmen town during the past three years. For example,the average annual net income per capita, the output valuo of farming and stock raising have been increased 1.62, 0.73, 1.43 times respectively. And the proportion of stock raising in the agriculture has increased from 23.7% to 36.1%.
1990, 5(2): 39-46.
Abstract:
1. The mean values of potassium contents from mediumlow yield paddy soils were 1.95% for total K. 215.6 ppm for slowly available k and 73.5 ppm for available K. The potassium contents in decreasing order were marine coastal salty paddy soilsandy leak paddy soil gleyed muddy paddy soilyellow clayey paddysoil. Indicating that the structural potassium of soil was rich while poor in available K. 2. The total amount of K separately extracted by INHNO3 seperately for 5 times from 4 main soils was significantly correlated to slowly available K r=0.972**. The rates of K-released to total K-extraction correlated signkficantly,r = 0.743*. The ability of potassium supply of different soils ranked as : coastal saltysandy leak paddy soil and calcareous yellow clayed paddy soilyellow clayed paddy soilgleyed muddy paddy soil. 3. As the K-depletion of yellow paddy soils, the available K decreased sharply and simultaneously the rice yield dropped markedly, r=0.9219**. Total K oupply for 5 continual crops (per pot) were 1164 mg on more fertilizer gray-yillow paddy soil, out of which 89.0% came from available K, and 1047 mg on yellow paddy soil. Out of which 44.9% from available K. The former gave significantly high grain output than the latter by 51.5%.
1. The mean values of potassium contents from mediumlow yield paddy soils were 1.95% for total K. 215.6 ppm for slowly available k and 73.5 ppm for available K. The potassium contents in decreasing order were marine coastal salty paddy soilsandy leak paddy soil gleyed muddy paddy soilyellow clayey paddysoil. Indicating that the structural potassium of soil was rich while poor in available K. 2. The total amount of K separately extracted by INHNO3 seperately for 5 times from 4 main soils was significantly correlated to slowly available K r=0.972**. The rates of K-released to total K-extraction correlated signkficantly,r = 0.743*. The ability of potassium supply of different soils ranked as : coastal saltysandy leak paddy soil and calcareous yellow clayed paddy soilyellow clayed paddy soilgleyed muddy paddy soil. 3. As the K-depletion of yellow paddy soils, the available K decreased sharply and simultaneously the rice yield dropped markedly, r=0.9219**. Total K oupply for 5 continual crops (per pot) were 1164 mg on more fertilizer gray-yillow paddy soil, out of which 89.0% came from available K, and 1047 mg on yellow paddy soil. Out of which 44.9% from available K. The former gave significantly high grain output than the latter by 51.5%.
1990, 5(2): 47-55.
Abstract:
Virus diseases occurred widely in the main growing areas of passion fruit in Fujian province. However, the rate of infection in the field varied from variety to variety. The rate of infection of hybrid varieties was higher than that of "local" ones. It was observed in field that the infected plants had shown ringspot, mosaic and distortion of the leaves and dieback on branch.Tests were carried out to determine the identity of the causal virus strains. Two virus isolates were obtained from the infected pssionfruit growing in fruit garden of Fruit Research Institute at FAAC. Two virus isolates were identified as two strains of cucumber mosaic virus, i, e. the common and the spinach strains, on the basis of host ranges and their symptons. physical properties, transmission via aphid, serology and particle morphology.Among the causal agents of virus diseases of passionfruit in Fujian province, CMV was considered as an important one.
Virus diseases occurred widely in the main growing areas of passion fruit in Fujian province. However, the rate of infection in the field varied from variety to variety. The rate of infection of hybrid varieties was higher than that of "local" ones. It was observed in field that the infected plants had shown ringspot, mosaic and distortion of the leaves and dieback on branch.Tests were carried out to determine the identity of the causal virus strains. Two virus isolates were obtained from the infected pssionfruit growing in fruit garden of Fruit Research Institute at FAAC. Two virus isolates were identified as two strains of cucumber mosaic virus, i, e. the common and the spinach strains, on the basis of host ranges and their symptons. physical properties, transmission via aphid, serology and particle morphology.Among the causal agents of virus diseases of passionfruit in Fujian province, CMV was considered as an important one.
1990, 5(2): 56-63.
Abstract:
A new root-knot nematode disease of the citrus was found in coast sand soil through servey in 1989. At least several couties and one hundred thousand species of citrus was infected. The citrus trees infected by nematodes showed symptoms including yellowing leaves, sparse foliage, small fruits. defoliated branch ends and so on. The pathogen, which is a new species, was named as Meloidogyne dong-haiensis sp. nov. It has more or less round perineal pattern, low dorsal arch. The area around vulva hasa few or no striae cxcept sometimes some short ones which connected with the ends of the vulva slit. Phasmids adjarcet to tail terminus, small but clear. Lateral field not distinct, sometimes marked by irregular cearse or indistinct striae or interruption of the pattern. Still there are some wave striae near inside lateral field. The most characteristic features of the pattern of this species. which differ from other closed species, are that there are some irregular coarse striae which sometimes parallel the other fine striae, sometimes intersect them. Female body pyriform with short neck. The distanoe from excretory pore to the base of the stylet is three times as long as the lenth of the stylet. Male head flattened with rounded edges, lip region not annulated. Second stage juvenle has longer body (420-480μ),rectum undilated.
A new root-knot nematode disease of the citrus was found in coast sand soil through servey in 1989. At least several couties and one hundred thousand species of citrus was infected. The citrus trees infected by nematodes showed symptoms including yellowing leaves, sparse foliage, small fruits. defoliated branch ends and so on. The pathogen, which is a new species, was named as Meloidogyne dong-haiensis sp. nov. It has more or less round perineal pattern, low dorsal arch. The area around vulva hasa few or no striae cxcept sometimes some short ones which connected with the ends of the vulva slit. Phasmids adjarcet to tail terminus, small but clear. Lateral field not distinct, sometimes marked by irregular cearse or indistinct striae or interruption of the pattern. Still there are some wave striae near inside lateral field. The most characteristic features of the pattern of this species. which differ from other closed species, are that there are some irregular coarse striae which sometimes parallel the other fine striae, sometimes intersect them. Female body pyriform with short neck. The distanoe from excretory pore to the base of the stylet is three times as long as the lenth of the stylet. Male head flattened with rounded edges, lip region not annulated. Second stage juvenle has longer body (420-480μ),rectum undilated.
1990, 5(2): 64-66.
Abstract:
The method of analyses of residues content of herbicide butachlor in Brassica chinesis Linn. and Ipomoea reptans (L)Poir was first reported. The method of minimum detectable content was 7.54?10-15g. The minimum detectable concentration in Brassica chinesis Linn, was 0.007ppm and 0.002ppm in Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poir.The average recovery values were 98.6-105.5% and 89.5-108% and C.V (%) were 2.75-9.25 and 0.78-6.7. The terminal residues content of field vegetable samples would not detected out.
The method of analyses of residues content of herbicide butachlor in Brassica chinesis Linn. and Ipomoea reptans (L)Poir was first reported. The method of minimum detectable content was 7.54?10-15g. The minimum detectable concentration in Brassica chinesis Linn, was 0.007ppm and 0.002ppm in Ipomoea reptans (L.) Poir.The average recovery values were 98.6-105.5% and 89.5-108% and C.V (%) were 2.75-9.25 and 0.78-6.7. The terminal residues content of field vegetable samples would not detected out.
1990, 5(2): 67-73.
Abstract:
This paper describes the structure and working priciple of the urea point deep applicator for paddy field, proposes the designed idea of point deep placement of urea, analyses both characteristics and results of feed auger’s "planet" motion, and solves difficult problems, just as water "following" into the hopper etc. On this basis we designed urea point deep applicator, the performance of which came up to advanced standards.
This paper describes the structure and working priciple of the urea point deep applicator for paddy field, proposes the designed idea of point deep placement of urea, analyses both characteristics and results of feed auger’s "planet" motion, and solves difficult problems, just as water "following" into the hopper etc. On this basis we designed urea point deep applicator, the performance of which came up to advanced standards.
1990, 5(2): 74-79.
Abstract:
In this review I summarize and illustrate the progress of genetic engineering technologies on crops, the prospect of biotechnology, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and biotechnology on agriculture.
In this review I summarize and illustrate the progress of genetic engineering technologies on crops, the prospect of biotechnology, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and biotechnology on agriculture.
1990, 5(2): 80-83.
Abstract:
1990, 5(2): 84-87.
Abstract:
1990, 5(2): 88-92.
Abstract:
1990, 5(2): 93-95.
Abstract:
