1990 Vol. 5, No. 1
Display Method:
A DIRECT ENZYME - LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF PSUEDORABIES VIRUS ANTIGEN IN MICE
1990, 5(1): 3-6.
Abstract:
Direct ELISA (D-ELISA) with polystyrene balls has been established to dectect PRV antigen. In the D-ELISA, the working concentrations of the conjugates, P3-HRP and P10-HRP, were 2.61 and 2.85μg /ml of Ig, respectively. With the two conjugates and their mixture, 5.63μg/ml of PRV protein (crude extract), or even lower, could be detected by the D-ELISA. The PRV antigen in the mice infected with PRV was checked by the D-ELISA with mixture, and the results indicated that positive rate of PRV antigen was 98.0% by measuring the five kinds of samples: liver, lung, spleen, kidney and submaxillary gland-subaural gland mixture. The two gland mixture had the highest positive rate (87.0%), in average and then both of lung and spleen had similla rates, 51.8-71.4%, liver 26.3-61.3%, and kidney 28.6-95.0%. The positive reaction of the two gland mixture was singnificantly different from the negative reaction of the control samples, and could be distinguished with the naked eyes. These results showed that the D-ELISA with polystyrene balls would be a highly sensitive, specific, rapid and simple technique for the clinical diagnosis of pseudorabies.
Direct ELISA (D-ELISA) with polystyrene balls has been established to dectect PRV antigen. In the D-ELISA, the working concentrations of the conjugates, P3-HRP and P10-HRP, were 2.61 and 2.85μg /ml of Ig, respectively. With the two conjugates and their mixture, 5.63μg/ml of PRV protein (crude extract), or even lower, could be detected by the D-ELISA. The PRV antigen in the mice infected with PRV was checked by the D-ELISA with mixture, and the results indicated that positive rate of PRV antigen was 98.0% by measuring the five kinds of samples: liver, lung, spleen, kidney and submaxillary gland-subaural gland mixture. The two gland mixture had the highest positive rate (87.0%), in average and then both of lung and spleen had similla rates, 51.8-71.4%, liver 26.3-61.3%, and kidney 28.6-95.0%. The positive reaction of the two gland mixture was singnificantly different from the negative reaction of the control samples, and could be distinguished with the naked eyes. These results showed that the D-ELISA with polystyrene balls would be a highly sensitive, specific, rapid and simple technique for the clinical diagnosis of pseudorabies.
1990, 5(1): 7-13.
Abstract:
The ecological niche widths and overlaps of the time and space for the populations between the rice plant hoppers and their preda-ceous nature enemies from the rice fields were tested. The popuala-tions tested included: Nilaparvala lugens, Sogatela furcifera, Micraspis discolor, Paederus fuscipes, Microvelia horvathi, Hydrometa albolineata. Cyrtorrhinus tividipemis, Erigonidiumm graminicolum, Theridium octoma-culaium, Tetragnatha iaponica, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Bianar hotingchlehi. The result showed that the timal and spatial niche widths of the populations, Nilaparvala lugens and Sogatela furcifera, were smaller than that of the others. The timal and spatial niche width indecated the limitaion of the activities for the two populations during the rice growing. When the timal and spatial niche widths of the rice plant hopper populations were similar to that of the predaceous nature enemy populations, the good environment for the predaceous nature enemies controling the rice plant hoppers were formed. The larger valus of the timal and spatial niche overlaps between the pests and the enemies exist in the pairs between N. lugens and E. graminicolum, N. lugens and C. tividipemis, S. furcifera and C. tividipemis indicating the relationships between them are clossed. If both timal and spatial niche overlaps of the populations between the pests and the enemies were large in the same time, the efficiency for the enemies preying on the pests would be hight.
The ecological niche widths and overlaps of the time and space for the populations between the rice plant hoppers and their preda-ceous nature enemies from the rice fields were tested. The popuala-tions tested included: Nilaparvala lugens, Sogatela furcifera, Micraspis discolor, Paederus fuscipes, Microvelia horvathi, Hydrometa albolineata. Cyrtorrhinus tividipemis, Erigonidiumm graminicolum, Theridium octoma-culaium, Tetragnatha iaponica, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Bianar hotingchlehi. The result showed that the timal and spatial niche widths of the populations, Nilaparvala lugens and Sogatela furcifera, were smaller than that of the others. The timal and spatial niche width indecated the limitaion of the activities for the two populations during the rice growing. When the timal and spatial niche widths of the rice plant hopper populations were similar to that of the predaceous nature enemy populations, the good environment for the predaceous nature enemies controling the rice plant hoppers were formed. The larger valus of the timal and spatial niche overlaps between the pests and the enemies exist in the pairs between N. lugens and E. graminicolum, N. lugens and C. tividipemis, S. furcifera and C. tividipemis indicating the relationships between them are clossed. If both timal and spatial niche overlaps of the populations between the pests and the enemies were large in the same time, the efficiency for the enemies preying on the pests would be hight.
1990, 5(1): 14-19.
Abstract:
This paper describes a new species of the gelechiid moths genue Hypatimc Hubner from Fujian, China. The larvae of this species is an important pest of the longan trees in Fuzhou recently. The descriptions of the adults, and both of the larva and pupa have been reported, and some bionomical notes are also given.Hypatima longanae, sp. nov.Holotype♂, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 1989-IX-25, collected by Ms. Chen Yu-mei. Allotype♀, and paratypes 3♂♂. 4♀♀, same date as the holotype. And paratypes 1♂ 2♀♀ on 1986-X-10. The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collections of Beijing Agricultural University.The new species with five raised scale tufts on the costa of foreuing, and with large unbroken dark area before middle, is very similar to Hypatima sapindiuara(Clarke) from Japan. But differs in the main characters as listed bellow.H. longanae H. sapindivara1. Wingspan: 10-12 mm 13-17 mm 2. Male genitalia.Valva apex sharp, with a separate lobe Aedegus much slender and strighe, with the basal port as at right angles3. Female genitalia. Postapophyses very long more than twice as the length of papollae anales Singum stout4. Larva babitat:Stem bover on longan trees Dimocarpus longana Lour.Valva apex evate, withouta separate lobe Aedegus slender and sinuous, not with the basal part as at right anglesPostapophyses shorten as long as the length of papillae anales Singum slenderTieing leaves on Chinesesoapherry treesSaPindus mukurossi Gaerth.
This paper describes a new species of the gelechiid moths genue Hypatimc Hubner from Fujian, China. The larvae of this species is an important pest of the longan trees in Fuzhou recently. The descriptions of the adults, and both of the larva and pupa have been reported, and some bionomical notes are also given.Hypatima longanae, sp. nov.Holotype♂, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 1989-IX-25, collected by Ms. Chen Yu-mei. Allotype♀, and paratypes 3♂♂. 4♀♀, same date as the holotype. And paratypes 1♂ 2♀♀ on 1986-X-10. The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collections of Beijing Agricultural University.The new species with five raised scale tufts on the costa of foreuing, and with large unbroken dark area before middle, is very similar to Hypatima sapindiuara(Clarke) from Japan. But differs in the main characters as listed bellow.H. longanae H. sapindivara1. Wingspan: 10-12 mm 13-17 mm 2. Male genitalia.Valva apex sharp, with a separate lobe Aedegus much slender and strighe, with the basal port as at right angles3. Female genitalia. Postapophyses very long more than twice as the length of papollae anales Singum stout4. Larva babitat:Stem bover on longan trees Dimocarpus longana Lour.Valva apex evate, withouta separate lobe Aedegus slender and sinuous, not with the basal part as at right anglesPostapophyses shorten as long as the length of papillae anales Singum slenderTieing leaves on Chinesesoapherry treesSaPindus mukurossi Gaerth.
1990, 5(1): 20-26.
Abstract:
By putting a drop of O.lppm kinetin or zeatin at the cut of rootstock before grafting, the survival rate of shoot-tip grafting(STG) could come up to 40-60% by using 0.18-0.20 mm long shoot apices and 13-18 days old rootstocks. It differ significantly in different shoot-stage of shoot apices collected in different varieties. The survival rate was much higher than that of transplantation when rnicrografted seedlings in tube were directly grafted on 1-yr-old tangerine cv. Fuju (Citrus tangerina Hort. ix Tan.) seedlings 100% and 78% of elimination rates were obtained for Huanglungbin and citrus tristeza virus (CTV), respectively.Of the 13 citrus cvs. obtained from STG mentioned above, 2 sweet orange cvs. Chuangxia and Shaohe (C. sinensis var. Sekken(L.) Osbeck) and 2 mandarin cvs. Tianma and Shaohe (C.pooncnsis Tanaka) have been indexed, free from virus or virus-like diseases known, and transplanted to disease-free mother tree fundation. The other 9 cvs. such as mandarin cv. Huimi No.28 (C.unshiu Marc.) etc. have been propagating and identifying.
By putting a drop of O.lppm kinetin or zeatin at the cut of rootstock before grafting, the survival rate of shoot-tip grafting(STG) could come up to 40-60% by using 0.18-0.20 mm long shoot apices and 13-18 days old rootstocks. It differ significantly in different shoot-stage of shoot apices collected in different varieties. The survival rate was much higher than that of transplantation when rnicrografted seedlings in tube were directly grafted on 1-yr-old tangerine cv. Fuju (Citrus tangerina Hort. ix Tan.) seedlings 100% and 78% of elimination rates were obtained for Huanglungbin and citrus tristeza virus (CTV), respectively.Of the 13 citrus cvs. obtained from STG mentioned above, 2 sweet orange cvs. Chuangxia and Shaohe (C. sinensis var. Sekken(L.) Osbeck) and 2 mandarin cvs. Tianma and Shaohe (C.pooncnsis Tanaka) have been indexed, free from virus or virus-like diseases known, and transplanted to disease-free mother tree fundation. The other 9 cvs. such as mandarin cv. Huimi No.28 (C.unshiu Marc.) etc. have been propagating and identifying.
1990, 5(1): 27-33.
Abstract:
This paper analysis the character of fine single-plantlitchi Dongliu 1 with fruit-canned late mature. This single plant has fine character in flowering and fruiting, and yield high and stable. Canned performance of fruits is also high. The quality of commercial canned fruit is better than commercial cultivar, Wu Ye. Its matured period is later than Wu Ye and can be extended another processing season. At the same time the genetic character is very stabilizing in next generation and kept fine character from maternal generation. This variety is used in production. It alleviated that canned cultivars are monoculture,mature period is centralized and yield of per unit area is lower in recent production.
This paper analysis the character of fine single-plantlitchi Dongliu 1 with fruit-canned late mature. This single plant has fine character in flowering and fruiting, and yield high and stable. Canned performance of fruits is also high. The quality of commercial canned fruit is better than commercial cultivar, Wu Ye. Its matured period is later than Wu Ye and can be extended another processing season. At the same time the genetic character is very stabilizing in next generation and kept fine character from maternal generation. This variety is used in production. It alleviated that canned cultivars are monoculture,mature period is centralized and yield of per unit area is lower in recent production.
1990, 5(1): 34-39.
Abstract:
In Fujian, longan is an important fruit and its production is much higher than any other province in China. However, in recent years, longan has seriously suffered the witches’ broom disease.The disease showes various symptoms on different organs. The most typical symptoms are that young leaves on the infected shool become smaller and roll upwards, like a cresent moon; shoots develop with shortened internodes; overgrowing branches clump, like a broom; flower clusters appear because they are closely aggregated.During 1984~85, the investigation indicated that the disease had been widely spreading in 17 counties/cities in Fujian. In some regions, the disease has become severe and the yield of infected trees in 10~20% lower than healthy ones, and sometimes over 50% lower when the trees are infected seriously. The disease has been such an urgent problem that fruit growers request the authorities concerned to solve it as soon as possible.The disease is transmitting and spreading rapidly in Fujian since it is closely related with infected seedlings,its insect vectors and susceptibility of varieties. It is suggested that the plant quarantine be executed, disease-free seedlings be planted in the new orchard and the insect vectors be eliminated without delay.
In Fujian, longan is an important fruit and its production is much higher than any other province in China. However, in recent years, longan has seriously suffered the witches’ broom disease.The disease showes various symptoms on different organs. The most typical symptoms are that young leaves on the infected shool become smaller and roll upwards, like a cresent moon; shoots develop with shortened internodes; overgrowing branches clump, like a broom; flower clusters appear because they are closely aggregated.During 1984~85, the investigation indicated that the disease had been widely spreading in 17 counties/cities in Fujian. In some regions, the disease has become severe and the yield of infected trees in 10~20% lower than healthy ones, and sometimes over 50% lower when the trees are infected seriously. The disease has been such an urgent problem that fruit growers request the authorities concerned to solve it as soon as possible.The disease is transmitting and spreading rapidly in Fujian since it is closely related with infected seedlings,its insect vectors and susceptibility of varieties. It is suggested that the plant quarantine be executed, disease-free seedlings be planted in the new orchard and the insect vectors be eliminated without delay.
1990, 5(1): 40-44.
Abstract:
Twenty-one isolates collected from 12 sweet potato varieties in 17 counties of Gungdong, Zhejian and Fujian provinces were compared for oxidation of three disacoharides (lactose, maltoes and cello-biose) and three hexose alcoholes (mannitol, sorbitol and dulcitol) The results indicated that there were three biotypes in isolates of Pseudomonas solanacearum from the sweet potatoes, respectively belonging to the biotype Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ by Hayward’s classification schemes. Four isolate cultures of biotype Ⅲ were not acid-producting with the lactose, but they were pathogenic to the sweet potatoes and tested therefore were considered as the subtype of biotype Ⅲ (Biotype Ⅲ-1).
Twenty-one isolates collected from 12 sweet potato varieties in 17 counties of Gungdong, Zhejian and Fujian provinces were compared for oxidation of three disacoharides (lactose, maltoes and cello-biose) and three hexose alcoholes (mannitol, sorbitol and dulcitol) The results indicated that there were three biotypes in isolates of Pseudomonas solanacearum from the sweet potatoes, respectively belonging to the biotype Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ by Hayward’s classification schemes. Four isolate cultures of biotype Ⅲ were not acid-producting with the lactose, but they were pathogenic to the sweet potatoes and tested therefore were considered as the subtype of biotype Ⅲ (Biotype Ⅲ-1).
1990, 5(1): 45-50.
Abstract:
The natural resistance of varietal resources had been investigated in 1986 and 1987. The results showed that there were significant differences of resistance among varieties of Corchorus capsularis. Thirty isolates of C. corchori were collected from affected jute plans in different jute growing areas-Putian, Nanan, Longhai, Fuzhou and Guangzhou. Three pathogenic groups were determined aocording to the disease reactions on ten prelimimary differential varieties, indicating the physiological specialization of C.corchori. Jute breeding for an-thracnose resistance should be primary aimed against pathogenic group No.1 which was found most virulent, and attentions sholud also be paid to developing new disease-resistant parents.
The natural resistance of varietal resources had been investigated in 1986 and 1987. The results showed that there were significant differences of resistance among varieties of Corchorus capsularis. Thirty isolates of C. corchori were collected from affected jute plans in different jute growing areas-Putian, Nanan, Longhai, Fuzhou and Guangzhou. Three pathogenic groups were determined aocording to the disease reactions on ten prelimimary differential varieties, indicating the physiological specialization of C.corchori. Jute breeding for an-thracnose resistance should be primary aimed against pathogenic group No.1 which was found most virulent, and attentions sholud also be paid to developing new disease-resistant parents.
1990, 5(1): 51-59.
Abstract:
This paper gives report of 106 species of agricultural mites which are integrative recorded for the first time from Fujian province. There belong to 37 genera, 11 families. Some of them damage vegetable, edible fungi, fruit trees, ornamental plants and cultivation plants. And others are natural enemy to spide mite and tarsonemid mite.
This paper gives report of 106 species of agricultural mites which are integrative recorded for the first time from Fujian province. There belong to 37 genera, 11 families. Some of them damage vegetable, edible fungi, fruit trees, ornamental plants and cultivation plants. And others are natural enemy to spide mite and tarsonemid mite.
1990, 5(1): 60-68.
Abstract:
Fuzzy saaemble analysis was used to separate and classify 3 kinds of the symptom-varies in white rust of dwamp morningglory which comes from last every week of infect period in 1984/1989. The results show that the method can be used to classify symptom-varies according to 4 kinds of the similarities in last every week, including temperature on leafage, rainfall, disease index, and cloudy days ect. and its conicidental ratio with actual disease index on this week is 88.6%.The paper also deals with the option on the optimum rate of fungicides under constraint condition, with the equation constraint a general principle of alternative optimum rate of fungicides is derived, whereas under unequal constraint condition a nonlinear programming is tried so as to find out the optimum solution. With regard to the quadratic function of metalaxyl application a method of calculation on optimum solution is also given.
Fuzzy saaemble analysis was used to separate and classify 3 kinds of the symptom-varies in white rust of dwamp morningglory which comes from last every week of infect period in 1984/1989. The results show that the method can be used to classify symptom-varies according to 4 kinds of the similarities in last every week, including temperature on leafage, rainfall, disease index, and cloudy days ect. and its conicidental ratio with actual disease index on this week is 88.6%.The paper also deals with the option on the optimum rate of fungicides under constraint condition, with the equation constraint a general principle of alternative optimum rate of fungicides is derived, whereas under unequal constraint condition a nonlinear programming is tried so as to find out the optimum solution. With regard to the quadratic function of metalaxyl application a method of calculation on optimum solution is also given.
1990, 5(1): 69-75.
Abstract:
The ATPase activities of the stem storage tiessue were assayed in ten sugarcane varieties by biochemical methods. The ATPase activities of stem storage tissue were significantly and very signfi-cantly positive correlation with brix and sucrose content, and very significantly negative correlation with the storage cell size. With the age the ATPase activities of all varieties would become higher, and this was in accordance with the accumulation of sugar, the decrease of the cell size and the changes of environment temperature. The results showed that the ATPase activity was not only correlative with the transport of sugar, but also affected the accumulation of sucrose and sucrose content. It was suggested that the reasons why the varieties with small cell had high quality and why the decrease of cell size was associated with sugar content and ripenning period were based on their increase of uptake area and ATPase activity to some extent.
The ATPase activities of the stem storage tiessue were assayed in ten sugarcane varieties by biochemical methods. The ATPase activities of stem storage tissue were significantly and very signfi-cantly positive correlation with brix and sucrose content, and very significantly negative correlation with the storage cell size. With the age the ATPase activities of all varieties would become higher, and this was in accordance with the accumulation of sugar, the decrease of the cell size and the changes of environment temperature. The results showed that the ATPase activity was not only correlative with the transport of sugar, but also affected the accumulation of sucrose and sucrose content. It was suggested that the reasons why the varieties with small cell had high quality and why the decrease of cell size was associated with sugar content and ripenning period were based on their increase of uptake area and ATPase activity to some extent.
1990, 5(1): 76-82.
Abstract:
Seven free-living strains of RhiRiobium, isolated from the nodules of four species of tropical leguminous plants, have been studied for their adility of acetylene reduction. Four strains of Rhtizobium, viz. 8638L 8638M and 8638S, Albizia falcataria, and strain PS Psophocarpus tetrago-nolobus produced more than trace amounts of acetylene reduction activity. Among them, Rhizobium sp. strains 8638L and PS yield higher nitrogenase activity. A medium containing a low-level source of nitrogen (Glutamine), a conbination of two carbohydrate (Arabinose and Succinate) and low oxygen tension appears necessary for the expression of high level of nitrogenase activity.The results showed that the optimal concentrations of oxygen for both strains 8638L and PS, were 1%, while the concentrations of Glutamine for the strains 8638L and PS were 2 mMol/L or mMol/L, respectively. The nitrogenase activity of both strains cultured on the medium being hi-hger under pH 5.6-6.0.
Seven free-living strains of RhiRiobium, isolated from the nodules of four species of tropical leguminous plants, have been studied for their adility of acetylene reduction. Four strains of Rhtizobium, viz. 8638L 8638M and 8638S, Albizia falcataria, and strain PS Psophocarpus tetrago-nolobus produced more than trace amounts of acetylene reduction activity. Among them, Rhizobium sp. strains 8638L and PS yield higher nitrogenase activity. A medium containing a low-level source of nitrogen (Glutamine), a conbination of two carbohydrate (Arabinose and Succinate) and low oxygen tension appears necessary for the expression of high level of nitrogenase activity.The results showed that the optimal concentrations of oxygen for both strains 8638L and PS, were 1%, while the concentrations of Glutamine for the strains 8638L and PS were 2 mMol/L or mMol/L, respectively. The nitrogenase activity of both strains cultured on the medium being hi-hger under pH 5.6-6.0.
