1989 Vol. 4, No. 2
Display Method:
1989, 4(2): 3-9.
Abstract:
The recombination were achieved by directly putting anabaena from megasporocarp of same or different Azolla species into the ma-tureor germinating megasporocarp which had been eliminated anabaena cells and the recombination rate is 10%. The recombined Azolla was firstly examined under microscope and tested the nitrogenase activity analysis as showing that Anabaena azollae existed in recombined Azolla frond which developed from megasorocarp previously eliminated anabaena cells.Secondly, the analysis by monoclonal antibody also proved the success in recombination and confirmed the newreestablished parnters are: Anabaena-free A. filiculoides譇nabaena azollae from A.microphylla; Anabaena-free A. filiculoides譇nabaena azollae from A. mexiconaj and Anabaeza-free A.microphyllaes譇nabaena azollae from A.Filiculoides and Anabaeza-free A. filiculoides譇nabaena azollae from A filicujo-idesj Anabaena-free A.microphylla譇nabaena azollae from A. microhylla respectively.
The recombination were achieved by directly putting anabaena from megasporocarp of same or different Azolla species into the ma-tureor germinating megasporocarp which had been eliminated anabaena cells and the recombination rate is 10%. The recombined Azolla was firstly examined under microscope and tested the nitrogenase activity analysis as showing that Anabaena azollae existed in recombined Azolla frond which developed from megasorocarp previously eliminated anabaena cells.Secondly, the analysis by monoclonal antibody also proved the success in recombination and confirmed the newreestablished parnters are: Anabaena-free A. filiculoides譇nabaena azollae from A.microphylla; Anabaena-free A. filiculoides譇nabaena azollae from A. mexiconaj and Anabaeza-free A.microphyllaes譇nabaena azollae from A.Filiculoides and Anabaeza-free A. filiculoides譇nabaena azollae from A filicujo-idesj Anabaena-free A.microphylla譇nabaena azollae from A. microhylla respectively.
1989, 4(2): 10-12.
Abstract:
Preliminarily experimental results indicated that the organisms causing citrus yellow shoot (CYS-BLOs), can’t be transmitted, by seed, but can be transmitted occasionally through xylem tissue.A low incidence of disease (3.3%) and a long latent period (15 months) was obtained when it was transmitted through xylem. Many pleomorphic bodies of bacterium-like organism, 90-640×100-1530 nm in size, with an envelope of 15-30nm in thickness, were observed in sieve tube cells of leafvein of the diseased plant caused by xylem transmission and it was absent in xylem vessels. It is possible that CYS-BLOs can transfer to sieve tube cells through xylem vessel in some case, and they grow well in sieve cells only.
Preliminarily experimental results indicated that the organisms causing citrus yellow shoot (CYS-BLOs), can’t be transmitted, by seed, but can be transmitted occasionally through xylem tissue.A low incidence of disease (3.3%) and a long latent period (15 months) was obtained when it was transmitted through xylem. Many pleomorphic bodies of bacterium-like organism, 90-640×100-1530 nm in size, with an envelope of 15-30nm in thickness, were observed in sieve tube cells of leafvein of the diseased plant caused by xylem transmission and it was absent in xylem vessels. It is possible that CYS-BLOs can transfer to sieve tube cells through xylem vessel in some case, and they grow well in sieve cells only.
1989, 4(2): 13-20.
Abstract:
The present paper dealt with the forecast of the epidemics of the rice blast, pyricularia oryzae. The data from 1962 to 1987 were collected from 4 counties, i.e., Jianyan, Ninhua, Shanghan and Liancheng of Fujian province.The 9 forecasting objects of the disease were included in the research, that were the occourring time, the infected rate, the index, the infected area of the rice leaf blast, etc.The 9 series of the forecasting equations for the objects of the disease were set up by the means of the stepwise discriminant analysis.The results for the application of the equations showed that the average of the accurate rate for forecasting were 83,33%.
The present paper dealt with the forecast of the epidemics of the rice blast, pyricularia oryzae. The data from 1962 to 1987 were collected from 4 counties, i.e., Jianyan, Ninhua, Shanghan and Liancheng of Fujian province.The 9 forecasting objects of the disease were included in the research, that were the occourring time, the infected rate, the index, the infected area of the rice leaf blast, etc.The 9 series of the forecasting equations for the objects of the disease were set up by the means of the stepwise discriminant analysis.The results for the application of the equations showed that the average of the accurate rate for forecasting were 83,33%.
1989, 4(2): 21-27.
Abstract:
Availability of azolla-potassium for rice was studied with radioactive tracer. The results of experiment showed that azolla released 66% potassium in the first seven days after azolla pressed into soil, The utilization rate of azolla-potassium for rice could reach 40%, which was a little higher than the efficiency of the same amount of potassium in chemical fertilizer. It was thought whether in potential capacity of absorbent potassium or in the capability of supplying potassium azolla was an important resourse of living things supplying potassium.
Availability of azolla-potassium for rice was studied with radioactive tracer. The results of experiment showed that azolla released 66% potassium in the first seven days after azolla pressed into soil, The utilization rate of azolla-potassium for rice could reach 40%, which was a little higher than the efficiency of the same amount of potassium in chemical fertilizer. It was thought whether in potential capacity of absorbent potassium or in the capability of supplying potassium azolla was an important resourse of living things supplying potassium.
1989, 4(2): 28-36.
Abstract:
1. The wild "tea-tree, groups" in this paper is the original wild tea-trees that can be drunk and distribute depending’ on. natural spreading and growing in original forest.2. According to the properties of shapes and characteristics of ecology, wild tea-trees can essentially be grouped into four groups."Three River", "East of Yunan-West of Guanxi", "South of Sichuan-North of Guizhou" and "Nanjing". The tree statures of the first two groups are taller and larger, their leaves are larger and thinner, while the tree types of the othe two groups are shorter, their leaves are thicker 3. It is recognized that the originating center region of tea-tree is the center (98°-108°E, 22°-29°N) of all groups of the wild tea-tree.
1. The wild "tea-tree, groups" in this paper is the original wild tea-trees that can be drunk and distribute depending’ on. natural spreading and growing in original forest.2. According to the properties of shapes and characteristics of ecology, wild tea-trees can essentially be grouped into four groups."Three River", "East of Yunan-West of Guanxi", "South of Sichuan-North of Guizhou" and "Nanjing". The tree statures of the first two groups are taller and larger, their leaves are larger and thinner, while the tree types of the othe two groups are shorter, their leaves are thicker 3. It is recognized that the originating center region of tea-tree is the center (98°-108°E, 22°-29°N) of all groups of the wild tea-tree.
1989, 4(2): 37-43.
Abstract:
The design method of quadratic rotation regression has been applied in the present experiment to study the relationship between soybean yield and the primary factors of soybean cultivation: density, nitrogen (carbamide), phosphorus (calcium superphosphate).Analyzing the primary composition, the effect rank of these cultivation factors on yield has been determind as follow: density carbamide calcium superphosphate.The integrated agricultural measures for obtaining the yield of 150 kg/mu in PUDOU-8008 are: 3.7-3.8 the thousand plant/mu; the dosage of carbamide 2.5-6.5 kg/mu and calcium superphosphate 9-21 kg/mu. For obtaining the yield of I00kg/mu in NlNGZHEN NO1 are,2.8-3.3 ten thousand plant in per mu and the dosage of carbamide 6-14 kg, calcium superphosphate 12-23 kg.
The design method of quadratic rotation regression has been applied in the present experiment to study the relationship between soybean yield and the primary factors of soybean cultivation: density, nitrogen (carbamide), phosphorus (calcium superphosphate).Analyzing the primary composition, the effect rank of these cultivation factors on yield has been determind as follow: density carbamide calcium superphosphate.The integrated agricultural measures for obtaining the yield of 150 kg/mu in PUDOU-8008 are: 3.7-3.8 the thousand plant/mu; the dosage of carbamide 2.5-6.5 kg/mu and calcium superphosphate 9-21 kg/mu. For obtaining the yield of I00kg/mu in NlNGZHEN NO1 are,2.8-3.3 ten thousand plant in per mu and the dosage of carbamide 6-14 kg, calcium superphosphate 12-23 kg.
1989, 4(2): 44-50.
Abstract:
This paper presented the log-linear model of the rxs contingency table to be used on the analysis of the effects of plant growth regulators which were used in the female flowers blooming of cv. Lantek Litchi.The crowns were sprayed with GAS, NAA, 2,4-D and tri acontanol for raising fruit setting percentage. When 20 days after treatments the results showed very significant differences among the levels of NAA and 2,4-D, but hadn’t shown difference among the levels of GA3 and triacontanol. Compared with CK, GA3, NAA, and 2,4-D came up to very significant difference for raising fruit setting percentage except NAA 5 ppm and 2,4-D 5 ppm, and triacon-tanol came up to very significant negative levels. When 40 days after treatments,no significant difference among the levels of each regulators were observed. The results compared with CK had shown NAA and GA3 came up to very significant levels for raising fruit setting percentage, 2,4-D came up to significant levels except 5 ppm, but triacontanol reduced fruit setting percentage and didn’t come up to significant levels.
This paper presented the log-linear model of the rxs contingency table to be used on the analysis of the effects of plant growth regulators which were used in the female flowers blooming of cv. Lantek Litchi.The crowns were sprayed with GAS, NAA, 2,4-D and tri acontanol for raising fruit setting percentage. When 20 days after treatments the results showed very significant differences among the levels of NAA and 2,4-D, but hadn’t shown difference among the levels of GA3 and triacontanol. Compared with CK, GA3, NAA, and 2,4-D came up to very significant difference for raising fruit setting percentage except NAA 5 ppm and 2,4-D 5 ppm, and triacon-tanol came up to very significant negative levels. When 40 days after treatments,no significant difference among the levels of each regulators were observed. The results compared with CK had shown NAA and GA3 came up to very significant levels for raising fruit setting percentage, 2,4-D came up to significant levels except 5 ppm, but triacontanol reduced fruit setting percentage and didn’t come up to significant levels.
1989, 4(2): 51-60.
Abstract:
332 multisymptomatic or symptomless citrus samples, collected from 9 provinces,i.e. Fujian,Guangdong, Guangxi,Hainan,Zhejiang,Hunan,Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, were identified for virus or virus-like agents with the help of indicator plants, electron microscopy and indirect-ELlSA.In the field conditions, citrus trees show symptoms such as green-withering or dwarfing of a whole plant, chlorotic yellow spots, mottling, uniform yellowing or nutrition-deficiency yellowing on lea-res, leaf rolling, boat-shaped or samller leaves, yellowing and corking of vein, pitting and grooving of xylem. (with a disease index of 6.7-71.1),scabious spots and tumorous proliferation of stem or trunk,"red-nose" fruit, irregular flowering, distorted flower or fruit, bark shelling of rootstock and separated bud-union, etc.The results of the identification indicate that at least 4 kinds of virus or virus-like diseases, namely, tatter leaf-citran gestunt, tris-teza, "Huanglongbin"(CYS) and exocortis,have occurred in citrus Orchards in China. In Fujian and Guangdong, tangerine cvs., Fuju, Bainianju, mandarin cvs.,Tankan,Ponkan,Sweet orange cv., Xinhui orange and Meyer lemon have been infected by TL-CSV that show chlorotic yellow spots, leaf rolling, separated budunion or show no visible symptoms The agent probably contains two components, 1. 700-850?6-15 nm infecting cowpea (Vigna sinensis (Tomer, Savi, and 2. 400-500?6-10 nm, uninfective, CTy, consisting of two strains, i. e. stem pitting strain and seedling yellow strain, has had a widespread distribution in citrus producing areas in China and grooving of xylem,yellowing and corking of vein or shows no visible symptoms on terminal branches. It usually attacks citrus trees in the existence of TL-CSV, CYS and CEV on the infected plants, but its agent can be filtered away gradually by incubation on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) seedlings. In Fujian, 1.9-28.8% of mothet trees of a disease-free foundatioe garden have been reinfected by CTV. It has been proven rather reliable to diagnose "Huanglongbin" according to the mottling symptom in the field. A single inoculation method of sap-rub has been unsuitable for CEV detection on herbaceous indicators. The primary data imply that dwarfing and green-withering of Satsuma in Fujian and Hunan are uninfective.An approach to produce disease-free seedling in the future has been discussed in the paper.
332 multisymptomatic or symptomless citrus samples, collected from 9 provinces,i.e. Fujian,Guangdong, Guangxi,Hainan,Zhejiang,Hunan,Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, were identified for virus or virus-like agents with the help of indicator plants, electron microscopy and indirect-ELlSA.In the field conditions, citrus trees show symptoms such as green-withering or dwarfing of a whole plant, chlorotic yellow spots, mottling, uniform yellowing or nutrition-deficiency yellowing on lea-res, leaf rolling, boat-shaped or samller leaves, yellowing and corking of vein, pitting and grooving of xylem. (with a disease index of 6.7-71.1),scabious spots and tumorous proliferation of stem or trunk,"red-nose" fruit, irregular flowering, distorted flower or fruit, bark shelling of rootstock and separated bud-union, etc.The results of the identification indicate that at least 4 kinds of virus or virus-like diseases, namely, tatter leaf-citran gestunt, tris-teza, "Huanglongbin"(CYS) and exocortis,have occurred in citrus Orchards in China. In Fujian and Guangdong, tangerine cvs., Fuju, Bainianju, mandarin cvs.,Tankan,Ponkan,Sweet orange cv., Xinhui orange and Meyer lemon have been infected by TL-CSV that show chlorotic yellow spots, leaf rolling, separated budunion or show no visible symptoms The agent probably contains two components, 1. 700-850?6-15 nm infecting cowpea (Vigna sinensis (Tomer, Savi, and 2. 400-500?6-10 nm, uninfective, CTy, consisting of two strains, i. e. stem pitting strain and seedling yellow strain, has had a widespread distribution in citrus producing areas in China and grooving of xylem,yellowing and corking of vein or shows no visible symptoms on terminal branches. It usually attacks citrus trees in the existence of TL-CSV, CYS and CEV on the infected plants, but its agent can be filtered away gradually by incubation on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) seedlings. In Fujian, 1.9-28.8% of mothet trees of a disease-free foundatioe garden have been reinfected by CTV. It has been proven rather reliable to diagnose "Huanglongbin" according to the mottling symptom in the field. A single inoculation method of sap-rub has been unsuitable for CEV detection on herbaceous indicators. The primary data imply that dwarfing and green-withering of Satsuma in Fujian and Hunan are uninfective.An approach to produce disease-free seedling in the future has been discussed in the paper.
1989, 4(2): 61-68.
Abstract:
Based on the data of the systematic investigation taken from the cultural houses of the Jelly fungus (Tremella fusciformis) in Gutian county, Fujian province, in 1988. The population dynamics and the population distribution patterns of Stferoptes fusarii were tested. The results showed that the numbers of the mite did not differ gratly among the different layers of the same shelf and differ remarkably among the same layers of the different shelf. The dynamica cunves of the population all belonged to postpeak type. The spatial distribution patterns of Siteroptes fusarii were all aggregation ones. The dispersal rate tested was 3.54 cm/hr 6 hours late after releasing. The migration hardly stoped 24 hours late after the mite releasing.
Based on the data of the systematic investigation taken from the cultural houses of the Jelly fungus (Tremella fusciformis) in Gutian county, Fujian province, in 1988. The population dynamics and the population distribution patterns of Stferoptes fusarii were tested. The results showed that the numbers of the mite did not differ gratly among the different layers of the same shelf and differ remarkably among the same layers of the different shelf. The dynamica cunves of the population all belonged to postpeak type. The spatial distribution patterns of Siteroptes fusarii were all aggregation ones. The dispersal rate tested was 3.54 cm/hr 6 hours late after releasing. The migration hardly stoped 24 hours late after the mite releasing.
1989, 4(2): 69-75.
Abstract:
Solutions of the sweet potato blast bacteria (pseudomonas sola-nacearvm Smith) were inoculated to leaf pulp tissues of tomato, an indicator plant of the bacterium, with injection-infiltration in different conditions. The results showed that the period of occura-nce, the amount of the oozes and necrotic spots were chiefly determined by the concentrations of inocula, affected by temperature when it rose above 30℃ or decreased below 30℃ and retarded by light. Tender leaves beneath the terminal bud were the most susceptible to the bacteria. The incubation period in the plants by strains with stronger pathogenicity was slightly shorter.Samples of sweet potato seedlings, soils, waters and animal manures were ollected from diseased areas for detection. The Results indicated that the rate of bacterium-bearing was high in both of the sweet potato fields with high disease rate and the fields of their after-reap fall-sown soybean, moderate in their after-reap sugarcane and rare in their after-reap rice. High rate of bacterium-bearing was found in the sweet potato plants with clear symptoms, but low in the plants with no evident symptoms. High rate of bacterium-bearing was also found in the pitch waters of diseased fields and the dung excreated by pigs that had Keen fed with diseased plants. The above method was therefore concluded to be a quick and effective way to detect the sweet potato blast bacteria from various infection sources.
Solutions of the sweet potato blast bacteria (pseudomonas sola-nacearvm Smith) were inoculated to leaf pulp tissues of tomato, an indicator plant of the bacterium, with injection-infiltration in different conditions. The results showed that the period of occura-nce, the amount of the oozes and necrotic spots were chiefly determined by the concentrations of inocula, affected by temperature when it rose above 30℃ or decreased below 30℃ and retarded by light. Tender leaves beneath the terminal bud were the most susceptible to the bacteria. The incubation period in the plants by strains with stronger pathogenicity was slightly shorter.Samples of sweet potato seedlings, soils, waters and animal manures were ollected from diseased areas for detection. The Results indicated that the rate of bacterium-bearing was high in both of the sweet potato fields with high disease rate and the fields of their after-reap fall-sown soybean, moderate in their after-reap sugarcane and rare in their after-reap rice. High rate of bacterium-bearing was found in the sweet potato plants with clear symptoms, but low in the plants with no evident symptoms. High rate of bacterium-bearing was also found in the pitch waters of diseased fields and the dung excreated by pigs that had Keen fed with diseased plants. The above method was therefore concluded to be a quick and effective way to detect the sweet potato blast bacteria from various infection sources.
1989, 4(2): 76-79.
Abstract:
The effects of dietary energy, protein and methionine level on laying performance of egg-laying duck (Putian Black Duck) wree studied. The energy levels ranged in 2500-2750 kCalM·E/kg, They did not affect significantly on laying performance. The optimum energy level was 2600 kCalM·E/kg. In a certain range, the laying performance increase with the rising of dietary protein and methionine levels. When the daily intake of protein and methionine was 29 g and 493 mg respectively, the laying performance showed the best. Ideal reproducibijity was obtained in the triplicate experiments.
The effects of dietary energy, protein and methionine level on laying performance of egg-laying duck (Putian Black Duck) wree studied. The energy levels ranged in 2500-2750 kCalM·E/kg, They did not affect significantly on laying performance. The optimum energy level was 2600 kCalM·E/kg. In a certain range, the laying performance increase with the rising of dietary protein and methionine levels. When the daily intake of protein and methionine was 29 g and 493 mg respectively, the laying performance showed the best. Ideal reproducibijity was obtained in the triplicate experiments.
1989, 4(2): 80-83.
Abstract:
1989, 4(2): 84-86.
Abstract:
