1986 Vol. 1, No. 1
Display Method:
1986, 1(1): 1-10.
Abstract:
Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibody (MCA) to avian leukosis virus (ALV) structural proteins p27 and p19 have been established. MCA 6AL20 (IgG1 isotype) reacted with RPL-40, AMV, RAV-2 and Carr-Zilber RSV (CZ-RSV).representing exogenous ALV subgroups A, B and D, respectively, but not the endogenous virus RAV-0 (subgroup E) in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MCA 6AL22 reacted as above and, in addition, reacted with the Prague strain of Rous sarcoma virus (PrC-RSV), subgroup C. Both MCAs im-munoprecipitated p19 from 35S-methionine-labeled RPL-40 or RAV-1,but not RAV-O infected chi-cken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). They can be used to differentiate exogenous from endogenous (RAV-O) infection either in an indirect antibody ELISA or by immunoprecipitation. A third MCA, 6AL42 (IgG2a isotype), reacted with exogenous viruses at an antibody titer up to 1,000-fold higher than with endogenous subgroup E, RAV-O virus in indirect ELISAs. MCA 6AL42 immunoprecipitated p27 and the group-specific antigen precursor protein, pr76, from cells infected with RPL-40, RAV-1 or RAV-O. A double antibody sandwich ELISA, using 6AL42 as the primary binding antibody and conjugated rabbit anti-p27 as the reporter antibody, differentiated between endogenous RAV-O and exogenous p27 antigen in undiluted albumen samples.
Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibody (MCA) to avian leukosis virus (ALV) structural proteins p27 and p19 have been established. MCA 6AL20 (IgG1 isotype) reacted with RPL-40, AMV, RAV-2 and Carr-Zilber RSV (CZ-RSV).representing exogenous ALV subgroups A, B and D, respectively, but not the endogenous virus RAV-0 (subgroup E) in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MCA 6AL22 reacted as above and, in addition, reacted with the Prague strain of Rous sarcoma virus (PrC-RSV), subgroup C. Both MCAs im-munoprecipitated p19 from 35S-methionine-labeled RPL-40 or RAV-1,but not RAV-O infected chi-cken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). They can be used to differentiate exogenous from endogenous (RAV-O) infection either in an indirect antibody ELISA or by immunoprecipitation. A third MCA, 6AL42 (IgG2a isotype), reacted with exogenous viruses at an antibody titer up to 1,000-fold higher than with endogenous subgroup E, RAV-O virus in indirect ELISAs. MCA 6AL42 immunoprecipitated p27 and the group-specific antigen precursor protein, pr76, from cells infected with RPL-40, RAV-1 or RAV-O. A double antibody sandwich ELISA, using 6AL42 as the primary binding antibody and conjugated rabbit anti-p27 as the reporter antibody, differentiated between endogenous RAV-O and exogenous p27 antigen in undiluted albumen samples.
1986, 1(1): 11-16.
Abstract:
Huangluugbin is a serere disease of citrus in South China.After we found out that the pathogen was the procaryotic microorganism called rickettsia-like organism or bacteria-like organism in the sieve cells of leaf vein from citrus diseased plant under electron microscope, we also found out the same procaryote in the ultra-thin sections of the salivary gland of psylla (Diapherina citri) which were feeded on the deseaed citrus seedlings and in the sieve cells of the deseased citrus seedlings which were transmitted by the pathogen carrier-psylla.Recently, by using psylla and two kinds of dodders (Cuscuta compestris and c.japonica) as the vector or vector bridge, we studied the transmission of Huanglungbin procaryote from diseased citrus seedling to eight kinds of herbaceous plants. The result show ed that there was only Cuscuta compestris which could transmit procaryote from citrus to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus).24 out of 25 tested periwinkles showed the typical symptoms, consisting of the first symptom of yellowing vein, then the localized yellowing along the vein and the margin of leaf, and finally the whole leaf yellowing during 3 to 6 month after transmission.Under electron microscope there were numerous bodies of procaryote in the sieve cells from ultra-thin sections of leaf vein of infected periwinkle plant. These pre-caryotes showed spherical, elongate or filamentous shape, 40-600nm, in diameter and 150-1800nm. in length, and with an envelop censisting of a threelayer membrane that was 20-25nm.in thickness.The morphology of procaryote was the same as that of citrus Huanglungbin seedling. In addition, several attempts to transmit procaryote from citrus to periwinkles by Cuscuta japonica and to other seven kinds of herbaceous plants by psylla were unsuccessful.
Huangluugbin is a serere disease of citrus in South China.After we found out that the pathogen was the procaryotic microorganism called rickettsia-like organism or bacteria-like organism in the sieve cells of leaf vein from citrus diseased plant under electron microscope, we also found out the same procaryote in the ultra-thin sections of the salivary gland of psylla (Diapherina citri) which were feeded on the deseaed citrus seedlings and in the sieve cells of the deseased citrus seedlings which were transmitted by the pathogen carrier-psylla.Recently, by using psylla and two kinds of dodders (Cuscuta compestris and c.japonica) as the vector or vector bridge, we studied the transmission of Huanglungbin procaryote from diseased citrus seedling to eight kinds of herbaceous plants. The result show ed that there was only Cuscuta compestris which could transmit procaryote from citrus to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus).24 out of 25 tested periwinkles showed the typical symptoms, consisting of the first symptom of yellowing vein, then the localized yellowing along the vein and the margin of leaf, and finally the whole leaf yellowing during 3 to 6 month after transmission.Under electron microscope there were numerous bodies of procaryote in the sieve cells from ultra-thin sections of leaf vein of infected periwinkle plant. These pre-caryotes showed spherical, elongate or filamentous shape, 40-600nm, in diameter and 150-1800nm. in length, and with an envelop censisting of a threelayer membrane that was 20-25nm.in thickness.The morphology of procaryote was the same as that of citrus Huanglungbin seedling. In addition, several attempts to transmit procaryote from citrus to periwinkles by Cuscuta japonica and to other seven kinds of herbaceous plants by psylla were unsuccessful.
1986, 1(1): 17-21.
Abstract:
Take 100 kg dry matter for account, during the process of transformation from rice straw to mushroom pleurotus Sajor-caju, 17.56-26.01% of dry matter has transformed into fruitbody, 40.17 -55.08% remained in Mushroom-cultivated medium (MCM); and 18.91-42.27% converted into heat energy or gas. Thus the pre-fermentation stage of substrate in MCM has completed hasically. During the first 20 days of biogas fermentation in the digester, the treatment of MCM may generate faster and producing much more biogas than that of rice straw. 1M3 of fermentation liquid MCM may produce 0.25 M3 biogas/day. Applying of residue of biogas fermentation substrate made the same year rice yield increased 20% in comparison with that of rice straw applied back into soil directly. The continuous application for three years has demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the fertilities of biogas fermentation residue and rice straw.
Take 100 kg dry matter for account, during the process of transformation from rice straw to mushroom pleurotus Sajor-caju, 17.56-26.01% of dry matter has transformed into fruitbody, 40.17 -55.08% remained in Mushroom-cultivated medium (MCM); and 18.91-42.27% converted into heat energy or gas. Thus the pre-fermentation stage of substrate in MCM has completed hasically. During the first 20 days of biogas fermentation in the digester, the treatment of MCM may generate faster and producing much more biogas than that of rice straw. 1M3 of fermentation liquid MCM may produce 0.25 M3 biogas/day. Applying of residue of biogas fermentation substrate made the same year rice yield increased 20% in comparison with that of rice straw applied back into soil directly. The continuous application for three years has demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the fertilities of biogas fermentation residue and rice straw.
1986, 1(1): 22-29.
Abstract:
The seed-derived calli and microspore-derived calli of rice were cultured on the medium supplemented with high concentration oi lysine, thrrouino or tryptophane for screening in vitro. Some resistants to high concentration of amino acid calli were isolated and then regenerated into green plants. By analysing the amino acid contents of brown rice in T1 generation, the total amount of 17 kinds of amino acid in 9 mutants was increased by 10.6-46.9%, the amount of 1ys, Thr, Met, Phe, Leu, Ileu and Val plus Cys was increased by 10.4-58.2%, among them, the contents of lysine was increased by 7.8-42.3%. With counting the C. V. of main agronomic traits, the fertile mutants in T1-T2 were stable. The possible potential of screening resistant mutants in vitro used for rice quality breeding was discussed.
The seed-derived calli and microspore-derived calli of rice were cultured on the medium supplemented with high concentration oi lysine, thrrouino or tryptophane for screening in vitro. Some resistants to high concentration of amino acid calli were isolated and then regenerated into green plants. By analysing the amino acid contents of brown rice in T1 generation, the total amount of 17 kinds of amino acid in 9 mutants was increased by 10.6-46.9%, the amount of 1ys, Thr, Met, Phe, Leu, Ileu and Val plus Cys was increased by 10.4-58.2%, among them, the contents of lysine was increased by 7.8-42.3%. With counting the C. V. of main agronomic traits, the fertile mutants in T1-T2 were stable. The possible potential of screening resistant mutants in vitro used for rice quality breeding was discussed.
1986, 1(1): 30-34.
Abstract:
Six early-hybrid rice combinations were studied. They have been found, their seed-set rates were significantly different.These combinations were testcrossed with MS line V41A, and their F1 were observed and analysed about their fertile characters separately. The results indicated that fertility of hybrid rice mainly decided on strong one of two pairs of restorer genes (R2) and their "Synergism" in hybrid plant.For instance,the seed-set rates of Weiyou 35 and Weiyou 057 were higher, because their restoring abilities of the R2 were strong and the synergistic effects of two genes were high. In Weiyou 6 the fertility restoring ability of the R2 was low, but the "Synergism" of two restoring genes was satisfactory,therefore, its seed-set rate was stable. In Weiyou 437 the seed-set rate restoring effect of R2 was weak, and its seed-set rate was generally lowest. According to the correlation coefficient between the normal pollen rate and the seed-set rate, the testcrossing plots of Shanyouphi 1 and Weiyou 3533 were rather small, therefore, their seed-set rates were unstable. To sum up,in breeding strong restorer line we must emphasize the selection of strong restorer gene R2 and good "Synergism" between two restoring genes.
Six early-hybrid rice combinations were studied. They have been found, their seed-set rates were significantly different.These combinations were testcrossed with MS line V41A, and their F1 were observed and analysed about their fertile characters separately. The results indicated that fertility of hybrid rice mainly decided on strong one of two pairs of restorer genes (R2) and their "Synergism" in hybrid plant.For instance,the seed-set rates of Weiyou 35 and Weiyou 057 were higher, because their restoring abilities of the R2 were strong and the synergistic effects of two genes were high. In Weiyou 6 the fertility restoring ability of the R2 was low, but the "Synergism" of two restoring genes was satisfactory,therefore, its seed-set rate was stable. In Weiyou 437 the seed-set rate restoring effect of R2 was weak, and its seed-set rate was generally lowest. According to the correlation coefficient between the normal pollen rate and the seed-set rate, the testcrossing plots of Shanyouphi 1 and Weiyou 3533 were rather small, therefore, their seed-set rates were unstable. To sum up,in breeding strong restorer line we must emphasize the selection of strong restorer gene R2 and good "Synergism" between two restoring genes.
1986, 1(1): 35-41.
Abstract:
The seed vigour of rice was studied. It has got the results as follows. Useing the seed vigour as a target of seeds quality was better than useing the germination percentage. The seed vigour of rice was decreased in adversity. The decrease of seed vigour was earlier than that of germination percentage. And there was no relation between the level of seed vigour and that of germinating viability. Decreasing percentage of the index of seed vigour can be used as a good target in measuring the level of stress resistance of rice. It was good to use dry weight of both roots and buds to express the growth vigour of rice seedlings.
The seed vigour of rice was studied. It has got the results as follows. Useing the seed vigour as a target of seeds quality was better than useing the germination percentage. The seed vigour of rice was decreased in adversity. The decrease of seed vigour was earlier than that of germination percentage. And there was no relation between the level of seed vigour and that of germinating viability. Decreasing percentage of the index of seed vigour can be used as a good target in measuring the level of stress resistance of rice. It was good to use dry weight of both roots and buds to express the growth vigour of rice seedlings.
1986, 1(1): 42-49.
Abstract:
In the plainfield of Fuzhou area, the population density is very high but the cultivable land is limited, and the resources of sunshine and heat energy are very wealthy. According to our research data from rice fields the extension of multiple cropping and triple cropping system annually not only can get high economical and effective production, but also can improve the physical and chemical character of soil and increase soil fertility. The productivity of triple cropping system is higher than that of double cropping system,Because of increasing soil organic matter content though the nutrient has been taken away,the soil fertility is not depleting.The triple cropping system of wheat-rice-rice has higherproductivity. Under the condition of increasing fertilizers to crops, plantation of wheat does notdamage rice.
In the plainfield of Fuzhou area, the population density is very high but the cultivable land is limited, and the resources of sunshine and heat energy are very wealthy. According to our research data from rice fields the extension of multiple cropping and triple cropping system annually not only can get high economical and effective production, but also can improve the physical and chemical character of soil and increase soil fertility. The productivity of triple cropping system is higher than that of double cropping system,Because of increasing soil organic matter content though the nutrient has been taken away,the soil fertility is not depleting.The triple cropping system of wheat-rice-rice has higherproductivity. Under the condition of increasing fertilizers to crops, plantation of wheat does notdamage rice.
1986, 1(1): 50-58.
Abstract:
The present paper is a description of the species ecological factors and distribution of Actini-dia plants.After the investigation we found that there are about 18 species/varieties of wild Ac-tinidia in Fujian,namely: Actinidia arguta, A, arguta var.purpvrea, A.melannandra var. melannandra, A.polygama. A.valvata, A, callosa var..strigillosa, A.callosa var.henryi, A.callosa var. discolor, A.chrysantha, A.sabiaefolia, A.hemsleyana, A. fulvicoma, A.latifolia,A.styracifolia, A.lanceolata, A.eriantha, A.zhejiangensis,A.chinensis var. chinensis. Among them the chinese-gooseberry (A.chinensls var.chinensis Panch) is the most prominent one; and the A.eriantha and A.latifolia are the next.They are rich with vitamin C.
The present paper is a description of the species ecological factors and distribution of Actini-dia plants.After the investigation we found that there are about 18 species/varieties of wild Ac-tinidia in Fujian,namely: Actinidia arguta, A, arguta var.purpvrea, A.melannandra var. melannandra, A.polygama. A.valvata, A, callosa var..strigillosa, A.callosa var.henryi, A.callosa var. discolor, A.chrysantha, A.sabiaefolia, A.hemsleyana, A. fulvicoma, A.latifolia,A.styracifolia, A.lanceolata, A.eriantha, A.zhejiangensis,A.chinensis var. chinensis. Among them the chinese-gooseberry (A.chinensls var.chinensis Panch) is the most prominent one; and the A.eriantha and A.latifolia are the next.They are rich with vitamin C.
1986, 1(1): 60-65.
Abstract:
In growing Citrus tangerina, the different planting densities under different natural and cultural conditions showed that a density of 100 to 212 trees per mu got a remarkable result of stable, high-yield and better economic benefit as compared with those conventional densities (48-66 trees per mu).The densely planted trees began to bear fruits in the second year.In the successi e 5 years (1981-1985), on an average, in comparison with conventional density of 66 trees/mu and 48 trees/mu, the yield of 100 trees/mu was increased of 645.4 Kg and 885.0 Kg respectively, and its profit was also increased RMB $97.3 (+19%) and 247.5 (+71%) respectively. while the yield of 212 trees/mu was increased 542.0 Kg and 657.3 Kg respectively, and its profit was increasad RMB $237.5 (+48%) and 387.6 (+111%) respectively.Technical requirements: It is preferable to graft Citrus tangerina on C.trifoliate root stock with a stem over 0.8cm in diameter and well developed root system, and to culture carefully to be short-trunk, multi-branches, vigorous tree, it so as to get more than 20 of the primary, secondary and tertiary shoots in the grafting year. After planting, it is importan to practise "forcing-and-controling" cultu c technique in accordance with the features of fruit bearing at various stages, with an aim to control the summer shorts and culture the autumnt ones, to achieve early-bearing and limit the crown extension, meanwhile timely thinning out according to the planting densiy is very important to induce high yield and best quality.
In growing Citrus tangerina, the different planting densities under different natural and cultural conditions showed that a density of 100 to 212 trees per mu got a remarkable result of stable, high-yield and better economic benefit as compared with those conventional densities (48-66 trees per mu).The densely planted trees began to bear fruits in the second year.In the successi e 5 years (1981-1985), on an average, in comparison with conventional density of 66 trees/mu and 48 trees/mu, the yield of 100 trees/mu was increased of 645.4 Kg and 885.0 Kg respectively, and its profit was also increased RMB $97.3 (+19%) and 247.5 (+71%) respectively. while the yield of 212 trees/mu was increased 542.0 Kg and 657.3 Kg respectively, and its profit was increasad RMB $237.5 (+48%) and 387.6 (+111%) respectively.Technical requirements: It is preferable to graft Citrus tangerina on C.trifoliate root stock with a stem over 0.8cm in diameter and well developed root system, and to culture carefully to be short-trunk, multi-branches, vigorous tree, it so as to get more than 20 of the primary, secondary and tertiary shoots in the grafting year. After planting, it is importan to practise "forcing-and-controling" cultu c technique in accordance with the features of fruit bearing at various stages, with an aim to control the summer shorts and culture the autumnt ones, to achieve early-bearing and limit the crown extension, meanwhile timely thinning out according to the planting densiy is very important to induce high yield and best quality.
1986, 1(1): 66-72.
Abstract:
Quantitative analysis of the transla tional processes of potassium in water-soil-azolla system was carried out by using tracer technigue so as to suggest a cycle model of potassium in this system.Results of the study showed that, when azolla was cultivated in the paddy field, the potassium source enriched by azolla essentially depended oa the potassium transport and reaching dynamic equilibrium between water-soil cycle. Under condition of complement of potassium from irrigation water and rain, the trace result showed that the potassium enriched by azolla mainly came from those sources and from soil a fittle. Therefore, azolla may be a prospective biological potassium source.
Quantitative analysis of the transla tional processes of potassium in water-soil-azolla system was carried out by using tracer technigue so as to suggest a cycle model of potassium in this system.Results of the study showed that, when azolla was cultivated in the paddy field, the potassium source enriched by azolla essentially depended oa the potassium transport and reaching dynamic equilibrium between water-soil cycle. Under condition of complement of potassium from irrigation water and rain, the trace result showed that the potassium enriched by azolla mainly came from those sources and from soil a fittle. Therefore, azolla may be a prospective biological potassium source.
1986, 1(1): 73-79.
Abstract:
Azolla is an important potential bio-resource, but until now there is no cross breeding for its new variety and still the wild varieties are used in agriculture. Recently we have made efforts on its cross breeding method and some hybrid strains have been obtained successfully. Firstly, we have made sure of megasporocarps vigour after castration. The main standard for identication was the rate of megasporocarps germination and not the rate of their opened floats. Also from positive and negative sexual hybridization we have made sure of influence of parent plant on the quantity and quality of seedlings sprouted. Some parent plants might cause a great deal of albinotic seedling. In the phenomena of missing symbiosis and normal symbiosis with Anabaena within symbiotic cavity of Azolla from those albinotic and normal plants, we found that the chlorophyll combination and the symbiosis induction were controlled by two groups of non-linkage genes. The identification by monoclonal antibody technique also proved that all the symbiosis algae of sexual hybrid offsprings were mould of maternal plants. By using esterase isoenzyme banding patterns, the true hybrids and false hybrids were rapidly and effectively identified. Through comparison between the two in morphology and genetics, we could further recognize the hybrids. Our method could acquire the true stems of hybridizable plant.
Azolla is an important potential bio-resource, but until now there is no cross breeding for its new variety and still the wild varieties are used in agriculture. Recently we have made efforts on its cross breeding method and some hybrid strains have been obtained successfully. Firstly, we have made sure of megasporocarps vigour after castration. The main standard for identication was the rate of megasporocarps germination and not the rate of their opened floats. Also from positive and negative sexual hybridization we have made sure of influence of parent plant on the quantity and quality of seedlings sprouted. Some parent plants might cause a great deal of albinotic seedling. In the phenomena of missing symbiosis and normal symbiosis with Anabaena within symbiotic cavity of Azolla from those albinotic and normal plants, we found that the chlorophyll combination and the symbiosis induction were controlled by two groups of non-linkage genes. The identification by monoclonal antibody technique also proved that all the symbiosis algae of sexual hybrid offsprings were mould of maternal plants. By using esterase isoenzyme banding patterns, the true hybrids and false hybrids were rapidly and effectively identified. Through comparison between the two in morphology and genetics, we could further recognize the hybrids. Our method could acquire the true stems of hybridizable plant.
1986, 1(1): 80-86.
Abstract:
During past four years we have done a lot of work on sweet-potato shoot tip culture to eliminate witches’ broom pathogen and finally these plantlets have been observed carefully about their shape-appearances and aminoacid contents, and have beeii tested by graft to compare with those diseased plants, Result showed that 7% of these plantlets were assured of mycoplasmalike organism-free.We are sure this method is worth while in production of sweet-potato. of course, before planting these seedlings the insect vectors-leafhoppers in the field must be cleaned off thoroughly.
During past four years we have done a lot of work on sweet-potato shoot tip culture to eliminate witches’ broom pathogen and finally these plantlets have been observed carefully about their shape-appearances and aminoacid contents, and have beeii tested by graft to compare with those diseased plants, Result showed that 7% of these plantlets were assured of mycoplasmalike organism-free.We are sure this method is worth while in production of sweet-potato. of course, before planting these seedlings the insect vectors-leafhoppers in the field must be cleaned off thoroughly.
