糯玉米棒三叶性状与产量、糖度的配合力和相关性分析

崔阳; 宋俏姮; 刘俊峰; 张垚; 孔亮亮

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.004

糯玉米棒三叶性状与产量、糖度的配合力和相关性分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.004

四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所，四川　德阳　618000

基金项目: 四川省重点研发计划项目（2021YFYZ0017）；四川省农业科学院前沿学科研究基金（2019QYXK033）；国家现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队（sccxtd-2024-02）；德阳市重点研发项目（2021NZ038）；四川省财政自主创新专项（2022ZZCX071）

详细信息

作者简介:
崔阳（1989 —），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事玉米遗传育种研究，E-mail：september516@163.com

通讯作者:
孔亮亮（1981 —），男，副研究员，主要从事鲜食玉米遗传改良研究，E-mail：kong3141@163.com

中图分类号: S513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-21
- 录用日期: 2024-08-28
- 修回日期: 2024-08-02
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-28

Crop Yield, Kernel Sugar, and Three Ear-leaves of Waxy Maize

Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, Sichuan　618000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究糯玉米棒三叶产量和糖度的遗传规律，分析棒三叶性状与产量、糖度的相关性，评价棒三叶性状对鲜籽粒糖度的贡献，为探究棒三叶性状对品质性状的影响机制和高糖度鲜食玉米选育与提供参考。方法以6个自交系为测验种，以15份糯玉米骨干自交系为被测种进行不完全双列杂交（NCII设计），测定杂交组合在采收期（授粉后21 d）果穗产量、籽粒可溶性糖含量（糖度），棒三叶的叶长、叶宽、叶面积，以及其他10个穗部和植株相关性状。其中穗重和糖度是主要关注的产量和品质性状，用以评价棒三叶对产量和品质的贡献；其他性状作为参考性状，用以衡量棒三叶对产量和品质的重要性。分析果穗产量、糖度的一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA），研究棒三叶性状与产量品质性状的关系。结果棒三叶性状中叶片长度与果穗产量呈极显著正相关；而叶宽与糖度呈显著正相关；叶长和果穗产量狭义遗传力占比较低，以特殊配合力为主，其中穗下叶长与穗重SCA相关性强；叶宽和糖度性状狭义遗传力占比高，以一般配合力为主，而穗上叶宽的与糖度GCA相关性强。结论棒三叶，尤其穗上叶宽可以作为选择糯玉米自交系和组配优质杂交种的依据；而叶长性状不宜作为选择高产杂交种的依据。
- 糯玉米 /
- 产量 /
- 糖度 /
- 配合力 /
- 相关性分析
Abstract: Objective Genetic inheritance of crop yield and kernel sugar content relating to measurements of three leaves nearby an ear on a waxy maize plant was examined for correlation to facilitate breeding and quality prediction. Methods Six inbred waxy maize lines were cross-bred with 15 key inbred lines based on an incomplete diallel hybridization of NCII design. At harvest, yield of ears, soluble sugar content of kernels, dimensions of the three leaves closest to an ear, and 10 additional traits of the hybrids were measured 21 d after pollination. Ear yield by weight and kernel sweetness by Brix were obtained. Dimensions of the leaves located above, at, and below an ear on a plant were measured to correlate with the general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) on kernel yield and sweetness of the hybrids passed on from their parents. Results Correlations were found between the leaf length and the ear yield and between the leaf width and the kernel sugar content. However, the narrow heritability of leaf length and ear yield was relatively low, mostly shown by the SCA on length of lower ear-leaf and weight of corn-on-the-cob. On the other hand, that of leaf width and sugar content was significant and mainly the GCA on width of upper ear-leaf and kernel sugar. Conclusion The width of upper ear-leaf grown next to an ear significantly reflected the sweetness of the kernels born on a waxy maize plant. Thus, the measurement could potentially be used as a visual, easily assessable indicator for cultivars selection in breeding and/or quality estimation in forecasting a harvest.
- waxy maize /
- yield /
- brix /
- combining ability /
- correlation analysis

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表 1 双列杂交的自交系

Table 1. Inbred lines for diallel crossing

株系类型 Type of lines	株系编号 ID of lines
测验种 Test lines	TL1，TL2，TL3，TL4，TL5，TL6
被测种 Lines tested	BF2003，BF2010，BF2001，BF2002，BF2006，BF2008，BF2009，BF2012，BF2017，BF2020，BF2022，BF2029，BF2032，BF2041，BF2042

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表 2 调查的性状

Table 2. Properties for research

性状类型 Type of traits	性状 Traits
产量性状 Yield trait	穗重 Ear weight
品质性状 Quality trait	糖度 Brix
穗部性状 Ear traits	穗长 Ear length，穗粗 Ear diameter，穗行数 Rows per ear，行粒数 Kernel numbers per row，秃尖长 Barren tip length
农艺性状 Agronomic trait	株高 Plant height，穗位高 Ear height，穗位系数 Ear height coefficient，生育期 Growth period，穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width，穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length，穗位叶宽 Ear leaf width，穗位叶长 Ear leaf length，穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width，穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length，棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width，棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length，穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area，穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area，穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area，棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area，穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle

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表 3 穗重和糖度与其他性状的相关系数

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between yield, quality characters and other characters

性状 Properties	穗重 Ear weight	性状 Properties	糖度 Brix
穗长 Ear length	0.478**	生育期 Growth period	0.349**
行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	0.451**	穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width	0.314**
穗粗 Ear diameter	0.410**	棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	0.288**
穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	0.271**	穗位叶宽 Ear leaf width	0.283**
棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	0.223**	穗位 Ear height	0.271**
株高 Plant height	0.219*	穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	0.260**
穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	0.212*	株高 plant height	0.217*
穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	0.181*	穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width	0.213*
穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	0.180*	穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	0.180
棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	0.180*	穗行数 Rows per ear	0.156
穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	0.176*	棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	0.140
穗位 Ear height	0.121	穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	0.135
穗位叶宽 Ear Leaf width	0.120	穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	0.079
穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	0.159	秃尖长 Barren tip length	0.072
棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	0.116	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	0.048
穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width	0.113	穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	0.041
穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width	0.097	棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	0.041
穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	0.075	穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	0.041
秃尖长 Barren tip length	0.062	穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	0.033
穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	0.042	穗粗 Ear diameter	−0.025
生育期 Growth period	0.021	穗长 Ear length	−0.187*
穗行数 Rows per ear	−0.089	行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	−0.229*
糖度 Brix	−0.394**	穗重 Ear weight	−0.394**
表示显著相关（P＜0.05）, 表示极显著相关（P＜0.01）。表4～6同。 means significant difference at 0.05 level, ** means very significant difference at 0.01 level. Same for Table 4–6．

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表 4 方差分析表

Table 4. Analysis of variance

变异来源 Source of variation	穗重 Ear weight	糖度 Brix	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height	穗位 Ear height	穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	穗下叶宽 Lower ear Leaf width	穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	穗位叶宽 Ear leaf width	穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width
组合 Combination	2.64**	5.86**	10.16**	4.06**	12.34**	7.90**	6.45**	6.03**	8.56**	3.94**	9.41**	5.05**
P₁	1.19	4.84**	1.52	2.92**	2.68**	2.08*	1.60	3.23**	2.18*	2.77**	2.87**	1.99*
P₂	3.80**	8.68**	2.34	5.53**	7.84**	10.63**	1.51	10.47**	2.87*	6.16**	4.28**	8.28**
P₁×P₂	2.23**	2.88**	8.78**	2.61**	7.49**	4.62**	5.74**	3.20**	6.63**	2.51**	6.36**	3.23**

变异来源 Source of variation	棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗行数 Rows per ear	行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	秃尖长 Barren tip length
组合 Combination	8.78**	5.50**	3.50**	2.81**	2.89**	2.99**	14.78**	26.99**	7.16**	10.47**	4.58**	3.27**
P₁	2.21*	2.82**	1.99*	2.08*	2.05*	2.00*	1.67	1.08	1.76	3.63**	1.19	1.63
P₂	2.80*	8.31**	2.20	1.56	3.91*	1.91	10.85**	20.36**	8.27**	29.92 **	7.63**	9.63**
P₁×P₂	6.79**	3.24**	2.85**	2.34**	2.17**	2.47*	8.91**	12.85**	4.69**	3.44**	3.27**	2.07**
P₁：测验种；P₂：被测种。 P₁: test lines; P₂: lines tested.

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表 5 穗重和糖度一般配合力与其他性状的相关系数

Table 5. Correlation coefficients between GCAs of yield，quality characters and other

性状 Properties	穗重 Ear weight	性状 Properties	糖度 Brix
行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	0.5299*	株高 Plant height	0.3825
穗长 Ear length	0.4893*	生育期 Growth period	0.3774
穗粗 Ear diameter	0.3384	穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width	0.3573
穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	0.0578	穗位叶宽 Ear leaf width	0.3562
穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	0.0416	穗位 Ear height	0.3531
穗位 Ear height	0.0266	棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	0.3471
株高 Plant height	−0.0072	棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	0.3290
秃尖长 Barren tip length	−0.0133	穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	0.3289
穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width	−0.0304	穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	0.3160
生育期 Growth period	−0.0313	穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	0.3115
棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	−0.0549	穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width	0.2959
穗位叶宽 Ear leaf width	−0.0623	穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	0.2919
穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width	−0.0712	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	0.2202
穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	−0.1616	棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	0.2158
棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	−0.1734	穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	0.2130
穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	−0.1736	穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	0.2081
穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	−0.1764	穗行数 Rows per ear	0.1957
穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	−0.1986	秃尖长 Barren tip length	0.1593
棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	−0.2629	穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	0.0831
穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	−0.2671	穗粗 Ear diameter	−0.1397
穗行数 Rows per ear	−0.2818	穗长 Ear length	−0.2144
穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	−0.2879	行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	−0.4604*
糖度 Brix	−0.6080**	穗重 Ear weight	−0.6080**

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表 6 穗重和糖度特殊配合力与其他性状的相关系数

Table 6. Correlation coefficients between SCAs of yield，quality characters and other characters

性状 Properties	穗重 Ear weight	性状 Properties	糖度 Brix
穗粗 Ear diameter	0.6156**	生育期 Growth period	0.4913**
穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	0.4994**	秃尖长 Barren tip length	0.1690
棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	0.4612**	穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width	0.1551
穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	0.4443**	棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	0.1437
行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	0.4339**	穗位叶宽 Ear leaf width	0.1405
穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	0.4145**	株高 Plant height	0.1125
穗长 Ear length	0.4035**	穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width	0.1085
穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	0.3990**	穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	0.0751
棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	0.3946**	穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	0.0579
穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	0.3849**	穗长 Ear length	0.0548
穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	0.3644**	棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	0.0531
株高 Plant height	0.2940**	穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	0.0319
穗行数 Rows per ear	0.2560*	穗位 Ear height	0.0277
穗位 Ear height	0.2484*	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	0.0235
穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	0.2167*	穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	0.0209
穗位叶宽 Ear leaf width	0.1896	棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	0.0156
穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width	0.1876	穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	0.0130
棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	0.1824	穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	0.0114
穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width	0.1365	穗粗 Ear diameter	0.0038
秃尖长 Barren tip length	0.0861	穗行数 Rows per ear	−0.0148
生育期 Growth period	0.0002	穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	−0.0400
穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	−0.0478	行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	−0.0573
糖度 Brix	−0.2503*	穗重 Ear weight	−0.2503*

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表 7 部分自交系一般配合力

Table 7. GCAs of selected lines

序号 No.	穗重 Ear weight		序号 No.	糖度 Brix		序号 No.	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length		序号 No.	穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width		序号 No.	穗上叶宽 Upper ear leafwidth
序号 No.	自交系 Inbred line	GCA	序号 No.	自交系 Inbred line	GCA	序号 No.	自交系 Inbred line	GCA	序号 No.	自交系 Inbred line	GCA	序号 No.	自交系 Inbred line	GCA
1	BF2002	8.5578	1	BF2022	19.8197	1	BF2029	4.3609	1	BF2017	8.5541	1	BF2017	5.7608
2	TL4	6.7162	2	TL5	13.5624	2	BF2003	4.2357	2	BF2003	6.5657	2	TL4	4.5754
3	TL6	3.9301	3	BF2008	13.2500	3	BF2022	3.3910	3	TL5	5.9072	3	BF2003	3.2518
4	BF2006	3.0874	4	BF2020	9.6581	4	BF2032	2.2961	4	TL3	2.3816	4	BF2020	3.1181
5	BF2012	2.8835	5	TL3	8.6495	5	TL2	2.0835	5	BF2012	2.0052	5	TL3	2.1195
6	BF2041	2.2720	6	BF2032	7.0346	6	BF2017	1.6393	6	BF2042	1.7301	6	BF2012	1.4628
7	BF2003	1.6604	7	BF2029	6.3003	7	TL1	1.4453	7	BF2020	1.6190	7	BF2022	1.3019
8	BF2001	1.3206	8	BF2017	5.0624	8	TL3	0.8071	8	TL6	1.2984	8	TL5	0.9561
9	BF2022	0.2333	9	BF2009	3.3535	9	BF2042	0.6070	9	BF2009	0.4304	9	BF2009	0.7941
10	BF2017	−0.1065	10	BF2012	2.7058	10	BF2008	0.6069	10	TL4	0.2703	10	BF2042	0.2344

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表 8 糖度排名前十位组合GCA和SCA排名

Table 8. Top ten combinations of GCA and SCA in sugar content ranking

亲本1 P₁	GCA排名 GCA ranking	亲本2 P₂	GCA排名 GCA ranking	糖度 Brix	SCA	SCA排名 SCA ranking
TL5	2	BF2017	8	13.6665	26.2870	1
TL5	2	BF2008	3	12.45	5.2003	27
TL3	5	BF2017	8	12.417	17.9510	5
TL6	11	BF2022	1	12.35	11.9733	12
TL3	5	BF2022	1	12.25	1.4229	41
TL3	5	BF2020	4	12.0835	9.8190	16
TL3	5	BF2029	7	12.083	13.1715	11
TL5	2	BF2006	16	11.8165	19.4399	3
TL5	2	BF2022	1	11.7835	-8.4366	74
TL5	2	BF2032	6	11.6165	2.5778	35

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表 9 穗重前十位组合GCA和SCA排名

Table 9. Top 10 combinations of GCA and SCA on ear weight

亲本1 P₁	GCA排名 GCA ranking	亲本2 P₂	GCA排名 GCA ranking	穗重 Ear weight	SCA	SCA排名 SCA ranking
TL4	2	BF2009	14	0.311	21.1453	2
TL2	16	BF2017	10	0.295	22.0423	1
TL6	3	BF2001	8	0.295	15.0293	3
TL6	3	BF2002	1	0.2825	2.6955	33
TL4	2	BF2017	10	0.282	8.3698	14
TL6	3	BF2010	11	0.279	10.0010	10
TL6	3	BF2029	12	0.279	10.6802	6
TL4	2	BF2042	13	0.278	7.5543	15
TL2	16	BF2006	4	0.274	10.2861	8
TL6	3	BF2012	5	0.273	4.4963	26

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表 10 部分性状遗传力分析表

Table 10. Heritability analysis table of Part of traits （单位：%）

配合力方差估计 Variance estimation of combining ability	穗重 Ear weight	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	糖度 Brix	穗下叶宽 Lower ear leaf width	穗上叶宽 Upper ear leaf width
一般配合力方差 Variance of GCA	28.30	13.96	63.84	59.30	48.50
特殊配合力方差 Variance of SCA	71.70	86.04	36.16	40.70	51.50
广义遗传力 h²B	46.06	73.38	72.22	73.03	68.41
狭义遗传力 hN	13.04	10.25	46.10	43.31	33.18

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