种茎直接补种对宿根蔗农艺性状及经济效益的影响

蒋柱辉; 周慧文; 闫海锋; 梁学优; 宋石; 韦志英; 覃磊; 熊发前; 游建华; 丘立杭

种茎直接补种对宿根蔗农艺性状及经济效益的影响

1.
广西糖业集团有限公司，广西　南宁　530022
2.
广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室，广西　南宁　530007
3.
柳州市柳江区甘蔗技术推广站，广西　柳州　545100
4.
南宁市良庆区良庆镇农业服务中心，广西　南宁　530201
5.
来宾市兴宾区甘蔗技术推广站，广西　来宾　546138

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31701363)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-170105、CARS-170206)；广西特色作物试验站建设项目(桂TS202105)

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋柱辉（1981 —），男，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：916077749@qq.com；#

周慧文（1990 —），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：windyrentmd@qq.com

通讯作者:
丘立杭（1983 —），男，硕士，正高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培及其生物技术研究工作，Email:quihang163@163.com；游建华（1964 —），男，博士，研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培及理化诱变育种研究，E-mail：youjianhua01@163.com

中图分类号: S566.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-15
- 修回日期: 2024-02-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-26

Agronomic Characteristics and Financial Return of 3^rd Year Sugarcane Ratoons

1.
Guangxi Sugar Industry Group, Nanning, Guangxi　530022, China
2.
Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China
3.
Liujiang District Sugarcane Technology Promotion Station, Liuzhou, Guangxi　545100, China
4.
Liangqing Town Agricultural Service Center of Liangqing District in Nanning City, Nanning, Guangxi　530201, China
5.
Sugarcane Technology Extension Station of Xingbin District in Laibin City, Laibin, Guangxi　546138, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究种茎直接补种对宿根蔗3年延长年限农艺性状及产量的影响，为进一步推广甘蔗种茎直接补种延长宿根年限新技术提供依据。方法选取广西蔗区3个主栽品种桂柳2号（GL2）、桂糖44号（GT44）和YT236（YT236）的第3年宿根蔗（即种植第4年）作为被补种群体，利用桂辐98-296 （GF296）种茎对其栽种地块的缺株断垄蔗畦进行直接补种处理，以未补种群体为各自对照（CK），在宿根第3年、第4年、第5年的收获期，分别测定补种和未补种处理甘蔗的重要农艺性状和蔗糖分，并计算经济效益。结果桂柳2号（GL2）、桂糖44号（GT44）和粤糖00236（YT236）经补种的群体有效茎数目显著高于未补种处理群体（CK）；补种处理中的GL2群体、GT44群体和YT236群体和它们相对应的CK产量均随宿根年限延长而减少，经补种后的群体产量随宿根年限延长而增加，宿根蔗原种GL2、GT44、YT236与它们的对照群体相比，发现在不同宿根年份间的株高、茎径和单茎重等指标也有所差异。未经补种的GL2、GT44和YT236群体的有效茎数目与宿根年限呈极显著负相关，分别为-0.907、-0.931、-0.756；产量同样与宿根年限的呈极显著负相关，分别为-0.915、-0.905、-0.930；试验结果表明3个品种经补种后，宿根年限与产量和有效茎数目不再呈现负相关性，表明补种后甘蔗宿根年限能够延长；同时经补种后GL2、GT44和YT236群体的经济效益也有所增加，它们的3年宿根时期总计增加净收入分别为48120.80元·hm^-2、46765.80元·hm^-2、42398.60元·hm^-2。结论 GF296种茎直接补种能有效延长3年宿根年限，显著增加被补种群体的经济效益，适宜大面积推广。该研究结果为构建高产和稳产群体、发挥甘蔗宿根潜力、实现稳产高产栽培提供理论依据。
- 种茎直接补种 /
- 宿根蔗 /
- 宿根年限 /
- 产量 /
- 经济效益
Abstract: : Objective Effects of extending the conventional two-year sugarcane ratooning on the agronomy, yield, and economics of the 3^rd year crop were analyzed. Method On ridge and furrow beds, 3 major sugarcane varieties in Guangxi Province, GL2, GT44, and YT236, were cultivated conventionally as control. In the 3^rd year of the experiment, GF296 sugarcane stems started from seeds were used as replacement to fill in the areas where second-year ratoons of the 3 chosen varieties of sugarcane did not sprout in the spring following the replanting. Major agronomic characteristics and sucrose content of all harvested crops in the 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^th year were determined or a comparative economic evaluation. Result The number of effective stems of replanted population of Guiliu 2 (GL2), Guitang 44 (GT44) and Yuetang 00236 (YT236) was significantly higher than that of non-replanted population (CK), and the yield of GL2 population, GT44 population, YT236 population and their corresponding CK population decreased with the extension of rooting years, and the population yield increased with the extension of the ratoon years. Comparing the ratoon sugarcane varieties GL2, GT44, and YT236 with their control groups, it was found that there were differences in measurements such as plant height, stem diameter, and weight per stem across various ratoon years. The number of effective stems of GL2, GT44 and YT236 populations without replanting was significantly negatively correlated with the years of ratoon, which were-0.907,-0.931 and-0.756, respectively, and the yield was also significantly negatively correlated with the years of ratoon roots, which were-0.915,-0.905 and-0.930, respectively. The results showed that the years of ratoon of the three varieties were not correlated with the yield and the number of effective stems after replanting, indicating that the ratoon root years of sugarcane could be prolonged after replanting. At the same time, after replanting, the economic benefits of GL2, GT44 and YT236 populations also increased, and their total net income increased by 48120.80 yuan·hm², 46765.80 yuan·hm² and 42398.60 yuan·hm², respectively. Conclusion Direct replanting of GF296 seed stem can effectively prolong 3-year of ratoon, significantly increase the economic benefits of the population, and so it should be popularized in a large area. Our results provided theoretical basis for constructing high-yield and stable sugarcane groups, exerting the potential of ratoon, and realizing stable and high-yield cultivation.
- Planting with seed stem /
- sugarcane ratooning /
- ratoon age /
- yield /
- economic benefit

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图 1 不同甘蔗品种农艺性状之间的相关性

*和**分别表示相关在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平显著。

Figure 1. Correlation between agronomic traits of sugarcane cultivars

*and** indicate the significant correlation at P＜0.01 and P＜0.05 levels，respectively.

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表 1 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种桂柳2号重要农艺性状及其产量

Table 1. Agronomic characteristics and yield of GL2 with replacement GF296 seed stems

种植年份 Planting year	处理 Treatments	品种 Variety	有效茎数 Effective stem number/ （株·hm^-2 ）	茎径 Stem diameter /cm	株高 Plant height/cm	单茎重 Stem weight/kg	蔗茎产量 Yield /（kg·hm^-2）	蔗糖分 Sucrose content /%
宿根第2年 The 2^nd year ratoon	对照CK	桂柳2号	54263±1492 ab	2.50±0.04 b	293.67±9.69 c	1.49±0.03 a	80.85±5.15 ab	15.03±0.47 a
宿根第3年 The 3^rd year ratoon	对照CK	桂柳2号	44237±1553 b	2.51±0.03 ab	289.67±9.07 cd	1.48±0.03 a	65.69±3.35 b	14.99±0.36 a
	补种处理 Replanting	桂柳2号	43702±2514 b	2.53±0.02 ab	305.67±8.02 ab	1.52±0.02 a	66.63±4.44 b	15.16±0.22 a
		桂辐98-296	16767±1000 e	2.45±0.01 b	314.67±5.03 ab	1.47±0.06 a	24.53±0.52 e	14.87±0.32 a
		合计	60469±1539 a	2.53±0.02 ab	297.33±8.74 bcd	1.51±0.03 a	91.16±3.96 a	15.33±0.31 a
宿根第4年 The 4^th year ratoon	对照CK	桂柳2号	29576±3845 d	2.46±0.03 b	290.00±9.54 cd	1.45±0.03 a	42.92±4.9 d	15.16±0.34 a
	补种处理 Replanting	桂柳2号	28655±2292 d	2.50±0.01 b	299.67±10.02 bcd	1.37±0.15 c	39.01±2.31 d	15.15±0.13 a
		桂辐98-296	35975±3435c	2.54±0.02 a	324.33±6.03 a	1.46±0.06 a	52.26±2.88 c	15.25±0.16 a
		合计	64630±2153 a	2.50±0.02 b	300.67±19.5 bcd	1.41±0.03 b	91.27±4.83 a	15.13±0.21 a
宿根第5年 The 5^th year ratoon	对照CK	桂柳2号	25710±3022 d	2.47±0.02 b	284.33±14.01 d	1.44±0.03 a	37.02±3.7 d	15.13±0.27 a
	补种处理 Replanting	桂柳2号	24119±4529 d	2.44±0.02 b	283.67±8.08 d	1.40±0.05 a	33.88±6.84 d	15.11±0.14 a
		桂辐98-296	40546±2149 bc	2.49±0.02 b	309.00±10.15 ab	1.51±0.03 a	61.17±3.81 b	15.28±0.33 a
		合计	64665±2419 a	2.49±0.02 b	303.00±12.53 abcd	1.47±0.03 a	95.06±3.35 a	15.36±0.14 a
同列不同小写字母分别表示数据在P＜0.05水平显著，下同。Difference uppercase and lowercase letters in same column indicate significant differences between dates year at P＜0.05 levels, as same as below

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表 2 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种桂糖44号重要农艺性状及其产量

Table 2. Agronomic characteristics and yield of GT44 with replacement GF296 seed stems

种植年份 Planting year	处理 Treatments	品种 Variety	有效茎数 Effective stem number/ （株·hm^-2）	茎径 Stem diameter /cm	株高 Plant height/cm	单茎重 Stem weight/kg	蔗茎产量 Yield /（kg·hm^-2）	蔗糖分 Sucrose content /%
宿根第2年 The second year of ratoon	对照CK	桂糖44号	52748±1256 ab	2.50±0.06 a	285.72±7.48 b	1.44±0.05 ab	75.98±4.79 b	15.16±0.54 a
宿根第3年 The third year of ratoon	对照CK	桂糖44号	47611±1716 b	2.49±0.07 a	299.70±6.93 a	1.44±0.02 ab	68.72±3.19 b	15.18±0.61 a
	补种处理 Replanting	桂糖44号	43821±6072 b	2.50±0.03 a	306.67±7.57a	1.49±0.02 a	65.29±8.15 b	15.05±0.10 a
		桂辐98-296	16133±1701 e	2.52±0.04 a	300.83±18.37 a	1.41±0.08 ab	22.80±2.49 f	14.95±0.21 a
		合计	59954±4527 a	2.51±0.03 a	301.07±3.56 a	1.47±0.02 a	88.09±5.67 a	15.11±0.37 a
宿根第4年 The fouth year of ratoon	对照CK	桂糖44号	31216±4077 c	2.47±0.10 a	308.30±16.98 a	1.33±0.05 b	41.56±5.25 de	15.37±0.33 a
	补种处理 Replanting	桂糖44号	26367±4581 d	2.57±0.03 a	320.67±3.06 a	1.50±0.21 a	42.83±3.18 d	15.18±0.14 a
		桂辐98-296	34754±3460 c	2.36±0.04 b	323.27±2.14 a	1.41±0.11 ab	48.47±2.26 d	15.41±0.73 a
		合计	61122±3061 a	2.49±0.13 a	306.63±18.26 a	1.50±0.07 a	91.64±1.58 a	15.36±0.58 a
宿根第5年 The fifth year of ratoon	对照CK	桂糖44号	26064±1550 d	2.46±0.19 a	295.57±24.07 a	1.42±0.04 ab	36.92±1.91 e	14.99±0.22 a
	补种处理 Replanting	桂糖44号	28633±1418 d	2.44±0.08 b	297.00±20.66 a	1.47±0.15 a	42.32±6.37 d	14.93±0.23 a
		桂辐98-296	37128±2120 c	2.46±0.05 a	316.47±13.03 a	1.44±0.10 ab	53.17±2.34 c	15.30±0.14 a
		合计	65762±3500 a	2.50±0.13 a	298.70±18.20 a	1.45±0.01 a	95.48±5.40 a	15.12±0.41 a

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表 3 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种粤糖00-236重要农艺性状及其产量

Table 3. Agronomic characteristics and yield of YT236 with replacement GF296 seed stems

种植年份 Planting year	处理 Treatments	品种 Variety	有效茎数 Effective stem number/ （株·hm^-2）	茎径 Stem diameter /cm	株高 Plant height/cm	单茎重 Stem weight/kg	蔗茎产量 Yield /（kg·hm^-2）	蔗糖分 Sucrose content /%
宿根第2年 The second year of ratoon	对照CK	粤糖00236	43957±2184 c	2.51±0.05 ab	310.86±6.24 cd	1.50±0.05 ab	65.96±5.74 c	15.55±0.14 a
宿根第3年 The third year of ratoon	对照CK	粤糖00236	36309±1937 c	2.52±0.03 a	308.47±5.75 cd	1.56±0.10 a	56.48±0.87 c	16.00±0.13 a
	补种处理 Replanting	粤糖00236	35905±686 c	2.48±0.03 ab	321.33±10.26 b	1.53±0.01 a	54.78±0.70 c	15.72±0.44 a
		桂辐98-296	21494±1893 f	2.38±0.04 cde	331.87±4.54 a	1.30±0.03 c	27.92±3.00 g	15.78±0.23 a
		合计	57399±3429 b	2.43±0.03 cd	314.90±4.55 bc	1.44±0.01 b	82.71±2.53 b	15.95±0.25 a
宿根第4年 The fouth year of ratoon	对照CK	粤糖00236	32420±2350 cde	2.51±0.04 ab	302.67±6.03 d	1.51±0.03 ab	48.82±2.56 de	15.77±0.25 a
	补种处理 Replanting	粤糖00236	32432±1234 cde	2.53±0.03 a	323.67±12.10 b	1.55±0.02 a	50.30±2.52 d	15.74±0.54 a
		桂辐98-296	31796±2254 de	2.31±0.06 e	340.40±4.50 a	1.29±0.07 c	41.03±4.59 f	15.64±0.18 a
		合计	64229±6094 a	2.44±0.03 bcd	321.60±1.51 b	1.42±0.02 b	91.33±2.08 a	15.71±0.16 a
宿根第5年 The fifth year of ratoon	对照CK	粤糖00236	30138±3386 e	2.49±0.10 ab	301.14±1.62 d	1.45±0.07 ab	43.65±3.21 ef	15.55±0.14 a
	补种处理 Replanting	粤糖00236	31129±1971 de	2.42±0.03 cd	304.67±5.51 d	1.41±0.09 b	43.92±4.30 ef	16.02±0.12 a
		桂辐98-296	34570±2421 cd	2.45±0.03 b	319.53±4.11 b	1.45±0.04 a	50.16±2.02 d	15.63±0.15 a
		合计	65699±5714 a	2.47±0.03 ab	308.77±7.81 cd	1.43±0.06 b	94.08±2.73 a	15.97±0.78 a

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表 4 桂辐98-296种茎直接补种的经济效益分析

Table 4. Economic benefits of using replacement GF 98-296 seed stems

品种 Variety	宿根年限 The third year of ratoon	增产量 Cane stems increase yield/(t·hm^-2)	新增农业产值 New agricultural output value/(元·hm^-2)	补种量 Amount of replanting/ (t·hm^-2)	成本 Cost/(元·hm^-2)				净收入 Net incremental income/(元·hm^-2)
品种 Variety	宿根年限 The third year of ratoon	增产量 Cane stems increase yield/(t·hm^-2)	新增农业产值 New agricultural output value/(元·hm^-2)	补种量 Amount of replanting/ (t·hm^-2)	蔗种成本Cane seed cost	补种作业Replanting operation	砍收人工 Felling labor	合计 Total	净收入 Net incremental income/(元·hm^-2)
桂柳2号 GL2	宿根第3年 The third year of ratoon	25.47	12735.00	1.31	786.00	1200.00	3056.40	5042.40	7692.60
	宿根第4年 The fourth year of ratoon	48.35	24175.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	5802.00	5802.00	18373.00
	宿根第5年 The fifth year of ratoon	58.04	29020.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	6964.80	6964.80	22055.20
	3年合计 Total	131.86	65930.00	1.31	786.00	1200.00	15823.20	17809.20	48120.80
桂糖44号GT44	宿根第3年 The third year of ratoon	19.37	9685.00	1.13	678.00	1200.00	2324.40	4202.40	5482.60
	宿根第4年 The fourth year of ratoon	50.08	25040.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	6009.60	6009.60	19030.40
	宿根第5年 The fifth year of ratoon	58.56	29280.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	7027.20	7027.20	22252.80
	3年合计 Total	128.01	64005.00	1.13	678.00	1200.00	15361.20	17239.20	46765.80
粤糖00-236 YT236	宿根第3年 The third year of ratoon	26.23	13115.00	2.81	1686.00	1200.00	3147.60	6033.60	7081.40
	宿根第4年 The fourth year of ratoon	42.51	21255.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	5101.20	5101.20	16153.80
	宿根第5年 The fifth year of ratoon	50.43	25215.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	6051.60	6051.60	19163.40
	3年合计 Total	119.17	59585.00	2.81	1686.00	1200.00	14300.40	17186.40	42398.60
蔗茎增产量=补种处理产量-CK。广西原料蔗平均收购价以500.00元·t^-1，种茎处理及补种作业成本以1200元·km^-2，砍收人工120元·t^-1计，蔗种成本以600元·t^-1计。 Cane yield increase = yield of reseeding treatment-CK. The average purchase price of raw cane in Guangxi is 500.00 yuan·t, the operation cost of stem treatment and replanting is 1200 yuan·hm², and the harvest labor is 120 yuan·t. Cane seed cost to 600 yuan·t.

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种茎直接补种对宿根蔗农艺性状及经济效益的影响

作者简介:
蒋柱辉（1981 —），男，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：916077749@qq.com；#

周慧文（1990 —），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：windyrentmd@qq.com

通讯作者:
丘立杭（1983 —），男，硕士，正高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培及其生物技术研究工作，Email:quihang163@163.com；游建华（1964 —），男，博士，研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培及理化诱变育种研究，E-mail：youjianhua01@163.com

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Agronomic Characteristics and Financial Return of 3^rd Year Sugarcane Ratoons

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种茎直接补种对宿根蔗农艺性状及经济效益的影响

作者简介: 蒋柱辉（1981 —），男，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：916077749@qq.com；# 周慧文（1990 —），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：windyrentmd@qq.com

通讯作者: 丘立杭（1983 —），男，硕士，正高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培及其生物技术研究工作，Email:quihang163@163.com；游建华（1964 —），男，博士，研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培及理化诱变育种研究，E-mail：youjianhua01@163.com

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Agronomic Characteristics and Financial Return of 3rd Year Sugarcane Ratoons

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作者简介:
蒋柱辉（1981 —），男，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：916077749@qq.com；#

周慧文（1990 —），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培研究，Email：windyrentmd@qq.com

通讯作者:
丘立杭（1983 —），男，硕士，正高级农艺师，主要从事甘蔗栽培及其生物技术研究工作，Email:quihang163@163.com；游建华（1964 —），男，博士，研究员，主要从事甘蔗栽培及理化诱变育种研究，E-mail：youjianhua01@163.com

Agronomic Characteristics and Financial Return of 3^rd Year Sugarcane Ratoons