Effects of different duration of waterlogging on physiological characteristics and yield of wheat at booting stage
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摘要:
目的 小麦渍害是长江中下游小麦生产中的主要非生物胁迫因素，研究孕穗期不同渍害时长对小麦生理特性及产量的影响，为小麦孕穗期的耐渍性机理研究和生产提供理论依据。 方法 以小麦品种扬麦16和中麦895为供试材料，采用盆栽控水方法，研究孕穗期渍害时长对小麦生长及产量的影响。 结果 （1）孕穗期发生渍害，小麦叶片的叶绿素含量显著降低，渍害时长越久，叶片SPAD值下降程度越大；受害越重的叶片SPAD值下降幅度越大，倒二叶较同期的旗叶受害严重。（2）小麦的CAT、SOD和POD等抗氧化物酶的酶活性在渍害期间呈现“ ∧ ”型变化趋势，活性氧（ROS）含量在渍害前期有降低或缓慢增加现象，而在渍害后期呈急剧升高趋势。（3）孕穗期短期内渍害有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等产量要素有小幅度增加现象，这可能是小麦的应激反应所致。（4）孕穗期渍害对小麦株高无显著影响，长期渍害导致小麦产量显著下降，有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重的降低是引起小麦减产的主要因子；在渍害15 d后，中麦895和扬麦16的单株产量分别较CK降低了51.47%和43.99%。 结论 孕穗期渍害显著降低了小麦叶片叶绿素含量，破坏了植株体内活性氧代谢和抗氧化酶系统之间的平衡，过量积累的活性氧致使细胞脂膜过氧化，导致细胞结构和功能受损，进而影响植株光合作用和营养物质的传输和积累，使小麦生物量大幅降低，从而导致籽粒灌浆不足，造成空粒、瘪粒和无效穗数显著增多，最终造成小麦减产。此外，在整个渍害胁迫过程中，供试的2个小麦品种的耐渍性强弱表现为：扬麦16＞中麦895。 Abstract:Objective The stress of wheat waterlogging is the main abiotic stress factor in wheat production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. To study the effects of different duration of waterlogging on physiological characteristics and yield of wheat at booting stage provides a theoretical basis for the research on the mechanism of wheat waterlogging resistance at booting stage and production. Method The effects of waterlogging duration on wheat growth and yield at booting stage were studied by pot pot water control method with wheat varieties Yangmai 16 and Zhongmai 895 as experimental materials. Result (1) Under the stress of waterlogging, the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves decreased significantly. The longer the waterlogging lasted, the greater the decline of SPAD value was. The SPAD value of the more heavily injured leaves decreased more, and the more severely injured the inverted two leaves than the flag leaves. (2) The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD and POD in wheat showed a trend of type "∧" during the waterlogging period, while the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased or increased slowly in the early stage of waterlogging, while increased sharply in the late stage. (3) In the booting period, the effective number of ears, grain number of ears, 1000-grain weight and other yield factors increased slightly, which may be caused by the stress response of wheat. (4) The stress of waterlogging at the stage of heading had no significant effect on the height of wheat plant. Long-term waterlogging resulted in a significant decrease in wheat yield. The decrease of effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight was the main factor causing wheat yield reduction. After 15 d of waterlogging stress, the yield per plant of zhongmai 895 and yangmai 16 decreased by 51.47% and 43.99%, respectively, compared with CK. Conclusion Booting stage waterlogging stress significantly reduced the wheat leaf chlorophyll content, destroyed the plant active oxygen metabolism in the body and the balance between antioxidant enzyme system, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species causes cells to peroxide lipid membrane, causing cell structure and function is impaired, affect plant photosynthesis and nutrient transfer and accumulation, increase the biomass of wheat is reduced, resulting in lack of grain-filling, caused empty grain, grain and invalid number of flat significantly increased, resulting in wheat production. In addition, during the whole process of waterlogging stress, the resistance of the two wheat varieties tested was as follows: yangmai 16＞zhongmai 895. -
Key words:
- Wheat /
- booting stage /
- waterlogging stress /
- chlorophyll content /
- reactive oxygen metabolism /
- yield
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图 1 孕穗期渍害胁迫小麦叶片SPAD值的变化
Figure 1. Changes of SPAD value in waterlogged wheat leaves at booting stage
Note: Figure 1-A. Flag Leaf, Figure 1-B. The top second leaf.
图 2 孕穗期渍害胁迫小麦超氧阴离子自由基（O2−·）产生速率和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量的变化
Figure 2. The changes of superoxide anion radical（O2−·）production rate and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）content in wheat damaged by booting
Note: Figure 2-A. The superoxide anion radical, Figure 2-B. The hydrogen peroxide content.
图 3 孕穗期渍害胁迫对小麦旗叶抗氧化酶活性的变化
注：图3-A为过氧化氢酶，图3-B为超氧化物歧化酶，图3-C为过氧化物酶。
Figure 3. Changes of antioxidant enzyme activity in flag leaf of wheat by waterlogging at booting stage
Note: Figure 3-A. Catalase, Figure 3-B. Superoxide dismutase, Figure 3-C. Peroxidase.
表 1 孕穗期渍害胁迫对小麦产量构成因子的影响
Table 1. Effects of booting on wheat yield components
品种
Variety处理
Treatment株高
Plant heigh/cm穗长
Ear length/cm有效穗
Effective panicle/
（个.株−1）穗粒数
Grain number per panicle/
（粒.穗−1）千粒重
1000-grain
weight/g产量
Yield/
（g.株−1）产量降幅
Yield loss/%中麦895 CK 73.2±0.1 a 7.09±1.0 a 5.5±0.6 a 30.2±1.1 a 46.9±0.4 a 7.790±0.8 a —— WL1 73.2±0.4 a 7.09±1.3 a 5.5±0.3 a 30.2±0.4 a 47.1±1.1 b 7.823±0.2 b 0.4 WL3 73.2±0.2 a 7.09±1.2 a 5.6±0.4 b 30.3±0.7 b 47.2±0.6 c 8.009±0.5 c 2.81 WL5 73.2±0.4 a 7.06±1.3 b 5.5±0.2 a 29.8±1.2 c 46.7±0.1 d 7.654±0.4 d （1.75） WL7 73.1±1.1 a 6.98±0.3 c 5.3±0.7 c 29.4±0.4 d 44.3±1.3 e 6.903±0.8 e （11.39） WL9 73±0.8 a 6.84±0.5 d 5.0±0.5 d 29.0±0.6 e 41.4±0.8 f 6.003±1.1 f （22.94） WL11 72.8±0.7 a 6.81±0.4 e 4.7±0.3 e 28.3±1.0 f 39.2±1.1 g 5.214±0.7 g （33.07） WL13 72.7±0.9 a 6.74±0.7 f 4.4±0.6 f 27.6±0.7 g 37.6±1.2 h 4.566±0.5 h （41.39） WL15 72.5±0.6 a 6.66±1.2 g 4.0±0.7 g 26.4±1.0 h 35.8±0.8 i 3.780±0.8 i （51.47） 扬麦16 CK 85.4±0.7 a 8.94±1.1 a 4.7±0.5 a 39.2±0.9 a 39.1±0.8 a 7.204±0.7 a —— WL1 85.4±1.2 a 8.95±0.8 a 4.7±0.8 a 39.1±0.2 b 39.2±0.2 b 7.204±1.2 a 2.13 WL3 85.4±0.9 a 8.97±1.0 b 4.8±0.3 b 39.2±0.1 a 39.2±0.1 b 7.530±0.5 b 3.46 WL5 85.2±1.1 a 8.94±0.6 a 4.6±0.5 c 38.9±0.3 c 38.7±0.4 c 6.925±0.1 c （3.87） WL7 85.2±0.3 a 8.89±0.5 c 4.6±0.9 c 38.2±0.2 d 36.9±0.3 d 6.484±0.1 d （9.99） WL9 85.1±0.4 ab 8.83±0.9 d 4.5±0.2 d 37.6±0.7 e 35.6±0.1 e 6.024±1.0 e （16.38） WL11 84.8±0.6 ab 8.75±0.4 e 4.2±0. e 36.8±0.2 f 34.4±0.5 f 5.317±0.8 f （26.19） WL13 84.5±0.2 bc 8.59±0.3 f 3.9±0.9 f 35.9±0.5 g 33.2±0.8 g 4.648±0.7 g （35.47） WL15 84.2±0.5 c 8.52±1.1 g 3.6±0.7 g 35.1±0.8 h 32.5±1.1 h 4.107±1.3 h （43.99） 注：CK为CK，WL1～15为渍害胁迫1～15 d，表中的值为平均值±标准误差，同列处理组内的数值后的不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05，Duncan's检测）。
Note: CK the control group, WL1～15. the stress of waterlogging for 1～15 d, the values in the table are mean ± standard error, and different lowercase letters after processing the values in the group in the same column indicate significant differences（P＜0.05, Duncan's test）.
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