Effects of Yupingfeng Decoction on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Serum Biochemical Indices on Dehua Black Chicken
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摘要:
目的 探讨玉屏风煎剂对德化黑鸡生长性能、免疫调节、血清生化指标的影响，并对其安全性进行观察。 方法 黄芪、白术、防风按质量比2:2:1混合煎制，浓缩成含生药1 g·mL−1的玉屏风煎剂。将30日龄体重相近的德化黑鸡160头随机分为低剂量组（1.25 mL·头−1·天−1）、中剂量组（1.875 mL·头−1·天−1）、高剂量组（2.5 mL·头−1·天−1）和空白对照组（0 mL·头−1·天−1），每组4个重复，每个重复10头，煎制玉屏风饮水给药，饲喂试验为期25 d；试验第25 d采血及十二指肠，检测生长性能、十二指肠形态结构、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、血清生化等相关指标。 结果 与对照组相比，1）中、高剂量组日增重分别提高16.77%（P＜0.05 ）、27.58%（P＜0.01 ），3个剂量组饲料转化率分别提高8.30%、14.61%、21.92%；2）3个剂量组血清IL-2含量，中、高剂量组十二指肠黏膜SIgA水平显著提高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）；3个剂量组血清 IFN-γ、TNF-α含量显著降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。3）3个剂量组MDA浓度极显著降低（P＜0.01），GSH-Px、SOD活性极显著升高（P＜0.01），高剂量组T-AOC、CAT活性显著升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。4）中、高剂量组隐窝深度显著降低（P＜0.05），绒隐比显著增加（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）；5）3个剂量组总胆红素浓度、甘油三酯浓度、总胆固醇浓度、谷草转氨酶活性、谷丙转氨酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、肌酐浓度、肌酸激酶活性差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。 结论 玉屏风煎剂可以提高德化黑鸡的生长性能，改善肠道形态结构，强化抗氧化能力，增强免疫功能，具有抗炎、维持免疫平稳态的作用，使用安全，最适剂量为2.5 mL·头−1·天−1。 Abstract:Objective Effects of Yupingfeng on the growth performance, immune function and serum biochemical indices of Dehua black chicken were investigated, and the safety of Yupingfeng was observed. Method Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. and Radix Saposhnikoviae were mixed and decocted at a mass ratio of 2:2:1 to make the decoction concentration at 1 g·mL-1 of raw materials. The tested 160 30-day-old Dehua black chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into a low-dose group (treated with 1.25 mL Yupingfeng decoction per chicken per day), a medium-dose group (treated with 1.875 mL), a high-dose group (treated with 2.5 mL), and a control group（0 mL). Each group had 4 replicates, with 10 chikens in each replicate. Yupingfeng decoction was mixed in drinking water and fed for 25 days. Blood and duodenum were sampled to test relevant indicators of growth performance, intestinal morphology immune function, antioxidant capacity and serum biochemistry. Results Compared with the control group, 1）the daily weight gains in groups of the medium- and high-dose were increased by 16.77%(P＜0.05) and 27.58%(P＜0.01), and the feed conversion ratios of the three dose groups were increased by 8.30%,14.61% and 21.92%, respectively; 2）the levels of IL-2 of serum in the three dose groups, and the levels of SIgA of the duodenal mucosa in the medium- and high-dose groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) ; the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α of serum in the three dose groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) . 3) the reduction of the MDA concentration in the three dose groups was extremely significant (P＜0.01), while the GSH-Px activity and SOD activity in the three dose groups, the CAT activity and T-AOC activity in the high dose group, were significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). 4) In the medium- and high- dose groups, the crypt depth was decreased (P＜0.05), while the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); 5) In the three dose groups , there were no significant differences in the serum biochemical indices of total bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and creatine kinase (P＞0.05). Conclusion The Yupingfeng decoction can improve the growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity and immune function with anti-inflammatory effect and maintaining immune homeostasis in Dehua black chicken. And Yupingfeng decotion is safe, and the proper dosage is 2.5 mL per chicken per day. -
图 1 玉屏风煎剂对德化黑鸡十二指肠形态结构的影响
红色箭头：十二指肠绒毛；黄色箭头：隐窝。CK：对照组；L：低剂量组；M：中剂量组；H：高剂量组。
Figure 1. Effect of Yupingfeng decoction on duodenal morphology of Dehua black chicken
Red arrow: duodenal villus; yellow arrow: crypt. CK: control group; L:low-dose group; M：medium-dose group; H: high-dose group.
表 2 试验鸡免疫程序
Table 2. Immunization program of the tested chicken
日龄
Age疫苗
Vaccines接种方法
Vaccination method1 d 马立克氏疫苗 颈部皮下注射 5 d 鸡新城疫L系和传支H120二联疫苗 滴鼻 7 d 法氏囊疫苗 滴嘴 10 d 鸡痘疫苗 刺种 15 d 鸡新城疫、传染性支气管（H52）二联疫苗 滴鼻 20 d 法氏囊疫苗（二免） 滴嘴 28 d （H5+H7）三价灭活疫苗 肌注 35 d （H5+H7）三价灭活疫苗（二免） 肌注 43 d 鸡新城疫（LaSota株）、传染性支气管炎（M41株）、禽流感（H9亚型，HL株）三联灭活疫苗
禽流感（H9亚型，HL株）三联灭活疫苗肌注 160 d （H5+H7）三价灭活疫苗（三免） 肌注 165 d 新支流减四联疫苗 肌注 
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表 1 试验鸡分组与处理
Table 1. Treatment of the tested chicken
组别
Group动物数
Samples number玉屏风剂量
Yupingfeng dosage/(mL·头−1·天−1)处理
Treatment对照组Control group 40 0 只饲喂基础日粮，自由饮水 低剂量组Low-dose group 40 1.250 50 mL中药+1000 mL水，早晚分两次给药，其他时间自由饮水，连用25 d 中剂量组Medium-dose group 40 1.875 75 mL中药+1000 mL水，早晚分两次给药，其他时间自由饮水，连用25 d 高剂量组High-dose group 40 2.500 100 mL中药+1000 mL水，早晚分两次给药，其他时间自由饮水，连用25 d
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表 3 玉屏方煎剂对德化黑鸡生长性能的影响
Table 3. Effect of Yupingfeng decoction on growth performance of Dehua black chicken
组别
Group始重
Initial weight/g末重
Final weight/g日增重
Daily weight gain/(g·d−1)日均采食量
Daily average food intake/(g·d−1)料重比
F/G对照组 Control group 353.80±41.04 658.60±69.82Bb 12.40±1.90Bb 37.29±7.22 3.01 低剂量组 Low-dose group 339.80±41.41 676.40±84.91ABb 13.50±2.08ABb 37.29±7.22 2.76 中剂量组 Medium-dose group 365.50±45.48 718.60±48.65ABa 14.48±1.54ABa 37.29±7.22 2.57 高剂量组 High-dose group 348.80±50.23 721.40±72.63Aa 15.82±2.95Aa 37.29±7.22 2.35 同列数据后不同大写字母者表示差异极显著（P＜0.01），不同小写字母者表示差异显著（P＜0.05），相同或无字母者表示差异不显著（P＞0.05）；下表同。
In the same column, values with different uppercase letters mean very significant difference (P＜0.01), with different small letters, significant difference (P＜0.05), and with the same or no letter, no significant difference (P＞0.05); Same for below.
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表 4 玉屏风煎剂对德化黑鸡血清细胞因子及肠道SIgA抗体的影响
Table 4. Effect of Yupingfeng decoction on cytokines and SIgA content of Dehua black chicken
组别 Group IL-2/(pg·mL−1) IL-6/(pg·mL−1) IFN-γ/(pg·mL−1) TNF-α/(pg·mL−1) SIgA/(μg·mL−1) 对照组 Control group 154.10±17.33Bb 19.71±2.57 62.64±5.67Aa 48.93±2.97Aa 1221.00±45.75Bb 低剂量组 Low-dose group 181.00±11.27Aa 19.10±1.93 51.15±4.24Bb 42.54±3.75ABb 1342.0±40.87ABab 中剂量组 Medium-dose group 182.30±15.97Aa 19.34±2.53 47.89±4.90Bb 42.39±4.89ABb 1408.0±136.40ABa 高剂量组 High-dose group 190.00±24.36Aa 18.25±1.93 49.96±5.03Bb 41.21±5.18Bb 1471.00±201.10Aa
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表 5 玉屏风对德化黑鸡抗氧化功能的影响
Table 5. Effect of Yupingfeng decoction on antioxidant indices of Dehua black chicken
组别
Group丙二醛
MDA/(nmol·mL−1)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
GSH-Px/(U·mL−1)超氧化物歧化酶
SOD/(U·mL−1)总抗氧化能力
T-AOC/(U·mL−1)过氧化氢酶
CAT/(U·mL−1)对照组 Control group 7.06±0.24Aa 224.60±12.93Cc 46.61±6.57Cc 19.72±2.63Bb 162.60±19.00ABb 低剂量组 Low-dose group 5.77±0.44Bb 320.00±17.17Bb 57.94±5.90Bb 20.5±2.21ABab 151.50±20.49Bb 中剂量组 Medium-dose group 5.71±0.44Bb 332.00±15.03Bb 65.70±7.95Bb 21.7±1.48ABab 177.30±20.24ABab 高剂量组 High-dose group 5.06±1.01Bb 403.70±29.08Aa 82.08±9.20Aa 24.12±2.70Aa 196.50±25.96Aa
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表 6 玉屏风煎剂对德化黑鸡十二指肠形态结构的影响
Table 6. Effect of Yupingfeng decoctions on duodenal morphology of Dehua black chicken
组别
Group绒毛高度
Villus height/mm隐窝深度
Crypt depth/mm绒隐比
V/C对照组 Control group 1.21±0.17 0.253±0.024ABa 4.75±0.43Bb 低剂量组 Low-dose group 1.28±0.17 0.263±0.015Aa 4.87±0.52Bb 中剂量组 Medium-dose group 1.29±0.13 0.219±0.026Bb 6.00±1.13ABa 高剂量组 High-dose group 1.37±0.08 0.222±0.017Bb 6.18±0.33Aa
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表 7 玉屏风煎剂对德化黑鸡生化指标的影响
Table 7. Effect of Yupingfeng decoction on serum biochemical indices of Dehua black chicken
组别
Group甘油三脂
TG/(mmol·L−1)总胆固醇
CHOL/ (mmol·L−1)肌酸激酶
CK/(U·L−1)肌酐浓度
CREA/(μmol·L−1)谷丙转氨酶
ALT/(U·L−1)谷草转氨酶
AST/(U·L−1)碱性磷酸酶
ALP/(U·L−1)总胆红素
TBIL/(μmol·L−1)对照组
Control group0.71±0.25 2.73±0.33 2025.00±528.50 18.50±5.68 6.20±2.10 181.70±19.40 4967.00±2014.00 3.31±1.55 低剂量组
Low-dose group0.58±0.08 2.91±0.39 2006.00±440.60 15.00±3.57 5.38±2.20 191.40±14.38 6017.00±1418.00 3.64 ±0.91 中剂量组
Medium-dose group0.75±0.12 2.93±0.33 2150.00±531.90 17.50±4.21 7.38±2.39 201.30±24.12 4674.00±2671.00 3.31 ±1.34 高剂量组
High-dose group0.69±0.20 2.72±0.42 2380.00±590.50 22.36±9.57 6.30±2.21 179.60±18.99 5155.00±2166.00 4.21 ±1.59
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