玉米灌浆期淹水胁迫对籽粒品质的影响

弓雪; 卢生乔; 陈坤; 覃宏宇; 周锦国; 韦正乙; 钟昌松; 杨耀迥; 冀宇奇; 刘亚利; 张述宽

玉米灌浆期淹水胁迫对籽粒品质的影响

1.
广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所，广西　南宁　530007
2.
广西壮族自治区农业科学院，广西　南宁　530007
3.
广西农业职业技术大学城乡建设学院，广西　南宁　530007

基金项目: 广西自然科学基金项目（GXNSFAA297136）；广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目（桂科AA22068095）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2021YT016）；广西农科院科技发展基金项目（桂农科2021ZX11、桂农科2022JM18）

详细信息

作者简介:
弓雪（1983−），女，博士，副研究员，研究方向：玉米分子育种及新品种选育（E-mail：280404497@qq.com）

通讯作者:
刘亚利（1981−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：玉米遗传育种（E-mail：715727271@qq.com）

张述宽（1963−），男，本科，研究员，研究方向：玉米遗传育种（E-mail：790039187@qq.com）

中图分类号: S513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-02
- 修回日期: 2023-06-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-16

Effect of Waterlogging on Quality of Maize Kernels at Filling Stage

1.
Corn Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China
2.
Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China
3.
Urban-rural Construction College, Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究淹水对灌浆期玉米籽粒品质的影响，为玉米耐涝品种的选育和耐涝机制研究提供参考。方法供试材料为广西骨干自交系88M-1-8和先21A，授粉后分别进行正常水分处理（CK）和淹水处理（W），每个处理设14和18 d两个持续时间，即CK-14、CK-18、W-14和W-18，测定正常供水和淹水胁迫下玉米籽粒中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉、蔗糖、脱落酸（ABA）含量，及蔗糖合成酶（分解方向，SS-I）和结合态淀粉合成酶（GBSS）活性，利用主成分分析和隶属函数法评价淹水胁迫对玉米品质的影响。结果 88M-1-8在W-14时籽粒蛋白、淀粉和ABA含量、SS-I和GBSS活性显著高于先21A，在W-18时可溶性糖、淀粉和ABA含量、GBSS活性显著高于先21A。2个自交系随着淹水天数的增加，籽粒中可溶性蛋白、淀粉和蔗糖含量、SS-I和GBSS活性均显著提高。与正常水分处理相比，88M-1-8在W-14时蛋白、淀粉和ABA含量、SS-I活性上升幅度更大，先21A可溶性糖和蔗糖含量、GBSS活性上升幅度更大；88M-1-8在W-18时可溶性糖和ABA含量增幅更大，而先21A蛋白、淀粉和蔗糖含量、SS-I和GBSS活性增幅更大。利用主成分分析及隶属函数法对玉米籽粒的各项指标进行综合评价，籽粒品质的耐涝性结果表明：W-14的88M-1-8＞W-18的88M-1-8＞W-14的先21A＞W-18的先21A。结论淹水胁迫提高88M-1-8和先21A籽粒中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉和蔗糖含量、SS-I和GBSS活性。但88M-1-8和先21A对淹水胁迫的生化应答存在差异，淹水胁迫后耐涝自交系88M-1-8的SS-I和GBSS活性、淀粉和ABA含量均显著高于不耐涝自交系先21A。随着胁迫时间的增加，88M-1-8和先21A籽粒品质的耐涝性均有所降低，但88M-1-8耐涝性仍高于先21A。因此，在涝害频发区域应选择耐涝性较强的自交系。
- 玉米 /
- 淹水胁迫 /
- 籽粒品质 /
- 灌浆期 /
- 综合评价
Abstract: Objective Effects of waterlogging on quality of maize kernels at filling stage were studied to decipher the mechanism and for breeding selection. Method Two backbone maize inbred lines in Guangxi, 88M-1-8 and Xian 21A, were subjected to normal water irrigation (CK) or artificial flooding treatments (W) after pollination. The experiment lasted 14d or 18d with a total of 4 variables, i.e., CK-14, CK-18, W-14, and W-18. Contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, and abscisic acid (ABA) as well as activities of sucrose synthetase (SS-I in decomposition direction) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) of the kernels were measured. Effect of waterlogging on maize quality at filling stage was evaluated using the principal component analysis and membership function method. Result Under W-14, the contents of protein, starch, and ABA and the activities of SS-I and GBSS in 88M-1-8 were significantly higher than those in Xian 21A, so were the soluble sugar, starch, ABA, and GBSS in 88M-1-8 under W-18. As the waterlogging prolonged, the soluble protein, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in both inbred lines raised significantly. The protein, starch, ABA, and SS-I in 88M-1-8 increased more significantly, and the soluble sugar, sucrose and GBSS in Xian 21A more significantly in W-14 than CK-14. Furthermore, compared with CK-18, W-18 induced more significant increases on the soluble sugar and ABA in 88M-1-8, and the protein, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in Xian 21A. Evaluated by the principal component analysis and membership function method on various kernel quality indicators, the tolerance of the two species to flooding were 88M-1-8 under W-14＞88M-1-8 under W-18＞Xian 21A under W-14＞Xian 21A under W-18. Conclusion Artificially flooding the maize plants raised the soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch, sucrose, SS-I, and GBSS in kernels over regular irrigation. 88M-1-8 and Xian 21A differed in responses to the stress. Waterlogging-tolerant 88M-1-8 was significantly higher in the GBSS activity and ABA and starch contents than Xian 21A. Nonetheless, prolonged waterlogging reduced the stress tolerance of either cultivar.
- Maize /
- waterlogging /
- kernel quality /
- filling stage /
- comprehensive evaluation

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图 1 淹水胁迫对玉米可溶性蛋白含量的影响

图柱上不同小写字母表示2个自交系不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05），图2-4同。

Figure 1. Effect of waterlogging on soluble protein content in maize kernels

Data with different lowercase letters on a bar indicated significant differences at P＜0.05. Same for Figs. 2-4.

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图 2 淹水胁迫对玉米糖类物质含量的影响

Figure 2. Effect of waterlogging on sugar content in maize kernels

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图 3 淹水胁迫对玉米淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响

Figure 3. Effect of waterlogging on activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis in maize kernels

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图 4 淹水胁迫对玉米ABA含量的影响

Figure 4. Effect of waterlogging on ABA content in maize kernels

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图 5 各指标的主成分分析的碎石图

Figure 5. Lithotripsy diagram of principle component analysis on indicators

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表 1 各项指标的耐涝系数

Table 1. Waterlogging resistance coefficients on indicators

自交系 Inbred line	处理天数 Treatment day	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	淀粉 Starch	蔗糖 Sucrose	蔗糖合成酶（分解方向） SS-I	结合态淀粉合成酶 GBSS	脱落酸 ABA
88M-1-8	14 d	1.14	1.11	1.53	0.99	1.19	0.91	1.18
88M-1-8	18 d	0.98	1.19	1.20	1.01	1.09	1.05	1.51
先21A	14 d	1.03	1.79	1.10	1.57	1.20	1.54	0.88
先21A	18 d	1.11	1.03	1.55	1.11	1.08	1.20	1.03
平均值 Mean		1.07	1.28	1.34	1.17	1.14	1.17	1.15
标准偏差 STDEV		0.07	0.35	0.23	0.27	0.06	0.27	0.27
变异系数 Variable coefficient/%		6.68	27.22	17.05	23.48	5.66	23.25	23.29

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表 2 各指标的主成分分析的载荷矩阵

Table 2. Load matrix of principle component analysis on indicators

指标 Index	因子载荷 Factor loading
指标 Index	PC1	PC2
可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein	−0.42	0.91
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.98	−0.05
淀粉 Starch	−0.77	0.61
蔗糖 Sucrose	0.98	0.15
蔗糖合成酶（分解方向） SS-I	0.54	0.48
结合态淀粉合成酶 GBSS	0.92	0.05
脱落酸 ABA	−0.61	−0.74

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表 3 主成分分析的特征值和贡献率

Table 3. Eigenvalue and contribution rate of principle components

项目 Item	因子载荷 Factor loading
项目 Item	PC1	PC2
特征值 Eigen Value	4.22	2.01
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	60.27	28.66
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	60.27	88.93

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表 4 玉米自交系不同处理的隶属函数分析及耐涝性排序

Table 4. Membership function analysis on waterlogging tolerance of maize inbred lines under treatments

自交系 Inbred line	处理天数 Treatment day	综合指标 Comprehensive index		隶属函数值 Subordinate function value		D值 D Value	排序 Ranking
自交系 Inbred line	处理天数 Treatment day	F1	F2	U（X1）	U（X2）	D值 D Value	排序 Ranking
88M-1-8 88M-1-8	14 d	−0.646	0.798	0.000	1.000	0.539	1
88M-1-8 88M-1-8	18 d	−0.363	−1.447	0.133	0.000	0.291	2
先21A Xian 21A	14 d	1.490	0.154	1.000	0.713	0.286	3
先21A Xian 21A	18 d	−0.481	0.495	0.077	0.865	0.124	4

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