糯玉米产量、糖度和棒三叶性状的配合力和相关性分析

崔阳; 刘俊峰; 张垚; 宋俏姮; 孔亮亮

糯玉米产量、糖度和棒三叶性状的配合力和相关性分析

1.
四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所，四川　德阳　618000

基金项目: 四川省重点研发项目（2021YFYZ0017）；国家现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队优质鲜食玉米品种选育与应用岗位（sccxtd-2023-02）；德阳市重点研发项目（2021NZ038）；四川省农业科学院前沿学科研究基金（2019QYXK033）。

详细信息

作者简介:
崔阳（1989 —），男，助理研究员，博士，主要从事玉米遗传育种研究，E-mail：september516@163.com

通讯作者:
孔亮亮（1981 —），男，副研究员，主要从事鲜食玉米遗传改良研究，E-mail：kong3141@163.com

中图分类号: S513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-21
- 修回日期: 2023-11-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-28

Analysis of combining Ability and Correlation on Yield, Brix and Three-ear-leaves Characters of waxy maize

1.
Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, Sichuan　618000, China

摘要

摘要: 摘要目的研究糯玉米产量和糖度的遗传规律，分析产量、糖度与棒三叶性状的相关性，为高糖度鲜食糯玉米选育与探究棒三叶性状对品质性状的影响的机制研究提供参考。方法本研究以6个自交系为测验种，对15份糯玉米骨干自交系为进行不完全双列杂交（NCII设计），测定杂交组合在采收期（授粉后21 d）果穗产量、籽粒可溶性糖含量（糖度）、棒三叶的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、以及其他10个穗部和植株相关的性状。其中穗重和糖度是主要关注的产量与品质性状，用以评价棒三叶对产量和品质的贡献；其他性状作为参考性状，用以衡量棒三叶对产量与品质的重要性。根据测定的数据分析果穗产量、糖度的一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA），研究棒三叶性状与产量品质性状的关系。结果棒三叶性状中叶片长度与果穗产量相关性强；而叶宽与糖度相关性强。果穗产量与糖度呈极显著负相关，因此在育种过程中应优先选择叶片长度适中，叶片宽度较宽的材料可提高高品质糯玉米的选择效率。结论棒三叶尤其是穗下叶和穗位叶的长度和宽度可以作为选择糯玉米育种材料的依据。
- 糯玉米 /
- 产量 /
- 糖度 /
- 配合力 /
- 相关性分析
Abstract: : Objective To study the genetic rule of waxy maize yield and sugar degree, and analyze the correlation between yield, sugar degree and three ear leaves traits, so as to provide reference for breeding of fresh waxy maize with high sugar degree and explore the mechanism of the influence of three ear leaves traits on quality traits. Methods In this study, 6 inbred lines were used as test species, and 15 waxy maize inbred lines were selected for incomplete diallel hybridization (NCII design). The yield of ear, soluble sugar content (sugar degree) of grain, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and other 10 ear and plant-related traits of the hybrid combinations were measured at the harvest period (21 days after pollination). Panicle weight and sugar content were the main yield and quality traits to evaluate the contribution of L. trefoil to yield and quality. The other characters were used as reference characters to evaluate the importance of three ear leave to yield and quality. According to the measured data, general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) of ear yield and sugar content were analyzed. Results The results showed that there was a strong correlation between leaf length and ear yield in three ear leave characters. There was a strong correlation between leaf width and sugar content. There was a significant negative correlation between ear yield and sugar content, so materials with moderate leaf length and wide leaf width should be preferred in breeding process to improve the selection efficiency of high-quality waxy maize. Conclusion The study indicated that the length and width of the leaves, especially the lower ear leaves and ear position leaves, could be used as the basis for selecting breeding materials of waxy maize.
- Waxy maize /
- yield /
- Brix /
- combining ability /
- correlation analysis

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表 1 双列杂交的自交系

Table 1. Inbred lines for diallel crossing

株系类型 Type of lines	株系编号 ID of lines
测验种 Test lines	TL1，TL2，TL3，TL4，TL5，TL6
被测种 Lines under test	BF2003，BF2010，BF2001，BF2002，BF2006，BF2008，BF2009，BF2012，BF2017，BF2020，BF2022，BF2029，BF2032，BF2041，BF2042

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表 2 调查的性状

Table 2. Investigated characters

性状类型 Type of traits	性状 Traits
产量性状 Yield trait	穗重 Ear weight
品质性状 Quality trait	糖度 Brix
穗部性状 Ear traits	穗长 Ear length，穗粗 Ear diamete，穗行数 Rows per ear，行粒数 Kernel numbers per row，秃尖长 Barren tip lenghth
农艺性状 Agronomic trait	株高 Plant height，穗位高 Ear height，穗位系数 Ear height coefficient，生育期 growth period，穗下叶宽 Lower ear Leaf width，穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length，穗位叶宽 Ear Leaf width，穗位叶长 Ear leaf length，穗上叶宽 Upper ear Leaf width，穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length，棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width，棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length，穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area，穗位叶面积 Eear leaf area，穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area，棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area，穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle

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表 3 方差分析表

Table 3. analysis of variance

变异来源 Source of variation	穗重 Ear weight	糖度 Brix	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height	穗位 Ear height	穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	穗下叶宽 Lower ear Leaf width	穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	穗位叶宽 Ear Leaf width	穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	穗上叶宽 Upper ear Leaf width
组合 Combination	2.64**	5.86**	10.16**	4.06**	12.34**	7.90**	6.45**	6.03**	8.56**	3.94**	9.41**	5.05**
P1	1.19	4.84**	1.52	2.92**	2.68**	2.08*	1.60	3.23**	2.18*	2.77**	2.87**	1.99*
P2	3.80**	8.68**	2.34	5.53**	7.84**	10.63**	1.51	10.47**	2.87*	6.16**	4.28**	8.28**
p1×p2	2.23**	2.88**	8.78**	2.61**	7.49**	4.62**	5.74**	3.20**	6.63**	2.51**	6.36**	3.23**
组合 Combination	8.78**	5.50**	3.50**	2.81**	2.89**	2.99**	14.78**	26.99**	7.16**	10.47**	4.58**	3.27**
P1	2.21*	2.82**	1.99*	2.08*	2.05*	2.00*	1.67	1.08	1.76	3.63**	1.19	1.63
P2	2.80*	8.31**	2.20	1.56	3.91*	1.91	10.85**	20.36**	8.27**	29.92 **	7.63**	9.63**
p1×p2	6.79**	3.24**	2.85**	2.34**	2.17**	2.47*	8.91**	12.85**	4.69**	3.44**	3.27**	2.07**
*表示差异极显著，表示显著。 ** means very significant difference, * means significant.

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表 4 遗传力分析表

Table 4. Heritability analysis table

配合力方差估计 Variance estimation of combining ability	穗重 Ear weight	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	糖度 Brix	穗下叶宽 Lower ear Leaf width
一般配合力方差 Variance of GCA	28.30%	13.96%	63.84%	59.30%
特殊配合力方差 Variance of SCA	71.70%	86.04%	36.16%	40.70%
广义遗传力 h²B	46.06%	73.38%	72.22%	73.03%
狭义遗传力 hN	13.04%	10.25%	46.10%	43.31%

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表 5 一般配合力（节选）

Table 5. General Combining ability (Excerpt)

	穗重 Ear weight	CGA		糖度 Brix	CGA
1	BF2002	8.5578	1	BF2022	19.8197
2	TL4	6.7162	2	TL5	13.5624
3	TL6	3.9301	3	BF2008	13.25
4	BF2006	3.0874	4	BF2020	9.6581
5	BF2012	2.8835	5	TL3	8.6495
6	BF2041	2.272	6	BF2032	7.0346
7	BF2003	1.6604	7	BF2029	6.3003
8	BF2001	1.3206	8	BF2017	5.0624
9	BF2022	0.2333	9	BF2009	3.3535
10	BF2017	−0.1065	10	BF2012	2.7058

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表 7 糖度排名前十位组合CGA和SGA排名

Table 7. Top ten combinations of CGA and SGA in sugar content ranking

亲本1 P1	CGA排名 CGA ranking	亲本2 P2	CGA排名 CGA ranking	穗重 Ear weight	SGA	SGA排名 CGA ranking
TL5	2	BF2017	8	13.6665	26.287	1
TL5	2	BF2008	3	12.45	5.2003	27
TL3	5	BF2017	8	12.417	17.951	5
TL6	11	BF2022	1	12.35	11.9733	12
TL3	5	BF2022	1	12.25	1.4229	41
TL3	5	BF2020	4	12.0835	9.819	16
TL3	5	BF2029	7	12.083	13.1715	11
TL5	2	BF2006	16	11.8165	19.4399	3
TL5	2	BF2022	1	11.7835	-8.4366	74
TL5	2	BF2032	6	11.6165	2.5778	35

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表 6 穗重前十位组合CGA和SGA排名

Table 6. Top ten combinations of CGA and SGA by ear weight

亲本1 P1	CGA排名 CGA ranking	亲本2 P2	CGA排名 CGA ranking	穗重 Ear weight	SGA	SGA排名 CGA ranking
TL4	2	BF2009	14	0.311	21.1453	2
TL2	16	BF2017	10	0.295	22.0423	1
TL6	3	BF2001	8	0.295	15.0293	3
TL6	3	BF2002	1	0.2825	2.6955	33
TL4	2	BF2017	10	0.282	8.3698	14
TL6	3	BF2010	11	0.279	10.001	10
TL6	3	BF2029	12	0.279	10.6802	6
TL4	2	BF2042	13	0.278	7.5543	15
TL2	16	BF2006	4	0.274	10.2861	8
TL6	3	BF2012	5	0.273	4.4963	26

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表 8 穗重和糖度与其他性状的相关系数

Table 8. Correlation coefficients between yield，quality characters and other characters

	穗重 Ear weight		糖度 Brix
穗长 Ear length	0.478**	生育期 Growth period	0.349**
行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	0.451**	穗下叶宽 Lower ear Leaf width	0.314**
穗粗 Ear diameter	0.410**	棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	0.288**
穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	0.271**	穗位叶宽 Ear Leaf width	0.283**
棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	0.223**	穗位 Ear height	0.271**
株高 plant height	0.219*	穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	0.260**
穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	0.212*	株高 plant height	0.217*
穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	0.181*	穗上叶宽 Upper ear Leaf width	0.213*
穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	0.180*	穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	0.180
棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	0.180*	穗行数 Rows per ear	0.156
穗下叶面积 Lower ear leaf area	0.176*	棒三叶面积 Ear three leaf area	0.140
穗位 Ear height	0.121	穗位叶面积 Ear leaf area	0.135
穗位叶宽 Ear Leaf width	0.120	穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	0.079
穗上叶面积 Upper ear leaf area	0.159	秃尖长 Barren tip length	0.072
棒三叶宽 Ears three leaf width	0.116	穗下叶长 Lower ear leaf length	0.048
穗上叶宽 Upper ear Leaf width	0.113	穗位叶长 Ear leaf length	0.041
穗下叶宽 Lower ear Leaf width	0.097	棒三叶长 Ears three leaf length	0.041
穗位系数 Ear height coefficient	0.075	穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	0.041
秃尖长 Barren tip length	0.062	穗上叶长 Upper ear leaf length	0.033
穗上叶夹角 Upper ear angle	0.042	穗粗 Ear diameter	−0.025
生育期 Growth period	0.021	穗长 Ear length	−0.187*
穗行数 Rows per ear	−0.089	行粒数 Kernel numbers per row	−0.229*
糖度 Brix	−0.394**	穗重 Ear weight	−0.394**
*表示极显著相关，表示显著相关。 ** means very significant correlation, * means significant correlation.

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