优质抗病糯稻种质的性状鉴定及其杂种优势利用

张玉婷; 史夏蕾; 王泓超; 凌波; 梁莹莹; 陈小玲; 程祖锌; 肖长春; 林荔辉

优质抗病糯稻种质的性状鉴定及其杂种优势利用

张玉婷^{1, 2,},
史夏蕾^{1, 2},
王泓超^{1, 2},
凌波^{1, 2},
梁莹莹^{1, 2},
陈小玲^{1, 2},
程祖锌^{1, 2},
肖长春³,
林荔辉^{1, 2, ,}

1.
福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室，福建　福州　350002
2.
福建省特种作物育种与利用工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350002
3.
三明市农业科学研究院/福建省（山区）作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室，福建　三明　365051

基金项目: 福建省科技计划高校产学研合作项目（2022N5011）；福建省（山区）作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室开放课题（2022SKF02）

详细信息

作者简介:
张玉婷（1999 —），女，硕士，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究，E-mail：3520207761@qq.com

通讯作者:
林荔辉（1970 —），男，博士，研究员，主要从事水稻遗传育种研究，E-mail：lihui9027@163.com

中图分类号: S511
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-08
- 录用日期: 2024-03-27
- 修回日期: 2024-01-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-08

Characterization and Heterosis of High Quality Resistant Glutinous Rice Germplasms

ZHANG Yuting^{1, 2
,},
SHI Xialei^{1, 2},
WANG Hongchao^{1, 2},
LING Bo^{1, 2},
LIANG Yingying^{1, 2},
CHEN Xiaoling^{1, 2},
CHENG Zuxin^{1, 2},
XIAO Changchun³,
LIN Lihui^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Fujian Engineering Technology Research Center of Breeding and Utilization for Special Crops, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Sanming Academy of Agricultural Science/Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming, Fujian　365051, China

摘要

摘要: 目的为有效改良传统糯稻品种的产量、品质及抗性等综合性状，满足当前专用型糯稻市场的发展需求。方法采用不完全双列杂交（NC II）方法，构建亲本及20个杂种一代的遗传群体，评价糯稻亲本及杂交组合产量和品质性状的育种利用价值，鉴定出高产、抗病、低直链淀粉含量、高碱消值的糯稻新种质。结果 7个优良品系的实割产量变幅7744.35～9216.45 kg·hm⁻²，其中X-104实割产量最高，达9216.45 kg·hm⁻²，X-27实割产量达8960.40 kg·hm⁻²，明显优于3个对照；两个株系植株矮壮，且分别携带了Pi-1、Pi-k^h和Pi-1、Pi-9、Pi-k^h的稻瘟病抗性基因，表现为中抗稻瘟病；直链淀粉含量（amylose content, AC）分别为1.71%和1.68%；碱消值（alkali spreading value，ASV）达6.75级和6.13级，育种价值高。在杂种优势利用上，X-27除了株高性状一般配合力为正效应外，该株系有利提高杂种后代的产量与稻米品质。X-57降低后代的株高和AC，提高后代产量和ASV。X-104虽产量高，品质好，但不利于杂种优势利用。闽糯2S/X-41、闽糯2S/X-107杂交一代在产量、株高、AC及碱消值等性状上具有明显的超亲优势和竞争优势，在杂交糯稻上应用价值高。结论杂交糯稻的产量与品质均为复杂性状，其中有效穗数、穗长、千粒重、长宽比、单株产量、AC、ASV主要受糯稻恢复系的控制。各性状的广义遗传率（h²_B）变幅14.72%～53.99%，狭义遗传率（h²_N）变幅10.25%～43.07%，遗传率较低，易受环境影响。育种上需大量配组，方可培育出不同用途的专用型糯稻杂交稻。
- 糯稻 /
- 直链淀粉含量 /
- 稻瘟病抗性 /
- 性状鉴定 /
- 杂种优势
Abstract: Objective In order to improve the yield, quality and resistance of traditional glutinous rice varieties, and meet the development demand of special glutinous rice market. Method Glutinous rice germplasms of high yield, disease resistance, low amylose content (AC), and high alkali spreading value (ASV) were evaluated and identified. Using the incomplete diallel crossing(NC II) method, the selected parental lines and 20 hybrids were pooled to construct a matrix for breeding evaluation. Result The actual yields of 7 choice germplasms ranged from 7744.35 to 9216.45 kg·hm⁻², among which X-104 had the highest real cut yield of 9216.45 kg·hm⁻² and X-27 had the highest real cut yield of 8960.40 kg·hm⁻², which were significantly higher than those of the 3 reference varieties. The abovementioned two short and stout cultivars respectively carried Pi-1 and Pi-k^h and Pi-1, Pi-9, and Pi-k^h genes were moderate resistance to rice blast. They had AC of 1.71% and 1.68% as well as ASV of 6.75 and 6.13, respectively, indicating low gelatinization temperature. For heterosis in breeding, X-27 exhibited a combining ability of higher on grain yield and quality in addition to taller on plant height; X-57 of greater on yield and ASV but lower on plant height and AC; and X-104, despite the high grain yield and quality, did not offer meaningful advantages. Among the hybrids, Minnuo 2S/X-41 and Minnuo 2S/X-107 were significantly superior to their parents in terms of grain yield, plant height, AC, and ASV. Conclusion The determination of grain yield and quality of glutinous rice involves numerous factors such as effective panicle number, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, length-to-width ratio, yield per plant, AC, and ASV. The broad heritability (h²_B) of such traits of the parents and hybrids in this study ranged between 14.72%–53.99%, and the narrow heritability (h²_N) between 10.25%–43.07%. The relatively low indexes indicated instability and being prone to environmental effects in gene transfer from generation to generation. Consequently, breeding glutinous rice targeted for a specific use would require a complicated process of selection and hybridization.
- glutinous rice /
- amylose content /
- blast resistance /
- characterization /
- heterosis

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表 1 与3个抗病基因紧密连锁的引物序列

Table 1. Sequences of primers closely linked to 3 resistance genes

标记名称 Tag name	引物序列（5′-3'） Primer sequence	连锁的抗病基因 Linked resistance genes	退火温度Tm/℃
RM224	F：ATCGATCGATCTTCACGAGG	Pi-1	55
RM224	R：TGCTATAAAAGGCATTCGGG	Pi-1	55
FP1+FP2+RP	FP1：TCCCTGATTCCAACCTGCAGCAAGAG	Pi-9	60
	FP2：CCAACCTGCACCAGCCT
	RP：CCATGCTGATACTTGGGGCA
RM206	F：CCCATGCGTTTAACTATTCT	Pi-k^h	55
RM206	R：CGTTCCATCGATCCGTATGG	Pi-k^h	55

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表 2 7个糯稻株系稻瘟病抗性及品质性状

Table 2. Blast resistance and quality traits of 7 glutinous rice lines

株系 Strain	携带抗病基因 Disease resistance genes	苗期叶瘟 Leaf plague at seedling stage	抗感类型 Type of resistance	直链淀粉含量AC/%	碱消值 ASV
X-27	Pi-1/Pi-k^h	3	中抗 MR	1.71	6.75
X-41	Pi-9	3	中抗 MR	1.75	5.75
X-44	Pi-1	3	中抗 MR	1.99	6.38
X-57	Pi-1 Pi-9	3	中抗 MR	1.82	5.88
X-83	Pi-1	3	中抗 MR	1.81	5.38
X-104	Pi-1/Pi-9/Pi-k^h	3	中抗 MR	1.68	6.13
X-107	Pi-1/Pi-9/Pi-k^h	3	中抗 MR	1.87	5.88
珍珠糯（CK1）	/	7	感 S	1.83	5.88
金糯6号（CK2）	/	3	中抗 MR	1.92	5.25
金贵丝苗（CK3）	/	4	中感 MS	16.90	3.88

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表 3 7个优异品系的产量及AC差异性分析

Table 3. Yields and ACs of 7 premium rice lines

株系 Strain	产量 Yield/（kg·hm⁻²）		直链淀粉含量AC/%
株系 Strain	理论产量 Theoretical yield	实割产量 Solid cut yield	均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
X-27	9542.85±1304.85abAB	8960.40±389.25aAB	1.71±0.23bcB	4.95
X-41	8368.65±994.80bcABC	8085.75±195.45bcCD	1.75±0.02bcB	1.35
X-44	8275.65±2164.50bcBC	7744.35±389.40cdCD	1.99±0.22bB	10.89
X-57	8484.15±1111.80bcABC	8107.05±266.40bcCD	1.82±0.07bcB	3.92
X-83	8285.55±1187.85bcBC	7808.40±230.85cdCD	1.81±0.07bcB	4.11
X-104	10164.45±2112.90aA	9216.45±64.05aA	1.68±0.08cB	4.72
X-107	8809.20±847.35abcABC	8320.50±230.70bBC	1.87±0.12bcB	6.64
珍珠糯（CK1）	8481.45±1131.75bcABC	8192.40±64.05bcCD	1.83±0.12bcB	6.65
金糯6号（CK2）	7689.60±1935.45cC	7531.05±37.05dD	1.92±0.12bcB	6.28
金贵丝苗（CK3）	8705.70±1241.40bcABC	8213.70±551.85bcC	16.95±0.50aA	2.98
大、小写字母分别表示0.01和0.05水平差异显著。 Data with upper- and lower-case letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively.

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表 4 7个优异株系及对照品种的部分农艺性状

Table 4. Agronomic traits of 7 premium rice lines and reference varieties

株系 Strain	株高 Plant height/ cm	主穗长 Main panicle length/cm	主穗重 Main panicle weight/g	每穗总粒数 Total number of grains per panicle	粒长 Grain length/ mm	长宽比 Length-width ratio	结实率 Setting percentage/%	千粒重 Thousand seed weight/g	单株产量 Yield per plant/g
X-27	101.3±1.9f	20.71±0.19e	5.33±0.33c	287.63±42.28ab	9.32±0.28de	3.96±0.27bcd	89.77±1.94bcd	21.81±1.05c	34.46±3.52bcd
X-41	106.1±1.1def	22.95±0.64cd	5.28±0.34c	256.50±22.70bc	9.29±0.29e	3.98±0.20abcd	89.26±1.09bcd	21.88±0.92c	37.31±2.80b
X-44	102.3±3.9ef	21.65±0.56de	4.72±0.64d	270.13±49.12b	9.38±0.24cde	4.06±0.28abc	90.64±1.20ab	22.20±0.74c	34.45±6.07bcd
X-57	101.3±3.7f	21.16±0.44e	5.83±0.35ab	278.88±31.55ab	9.39±0.19cde	4.05±0.28abc	88.50±2.56bcd	21.76±0.97c	35.43±3.58bc
X-83	103.4±2.3def	21.39±0.73de	5.25±0.60c	268.38±37.20b	9.60±0.20bc	4.14±0.32ab	87.51±2.22d	22.68±1.39c	33.51±3.38cd
X-104	107.8±1.8cd	23.29±1.12c	6.07±0.77a	306.88±42.16a	9.54±0.32bcd	4.16±0.19ab	87.70±0.98d	22.53±1.21c	40.67±4.37a
X-107	106.7±3.0 de	21.83±0.72cde	5.29±0.31c	271.50±29.86b	9.66±0.30b	4.27±0.40a	88.30±2.32cd	22.59±1.45c	36.48±1.94bc
珍珠糯（CK1）	128.6±4.4a	28.42±0.94a	5.92±0.53ab	211.01±25.60d	9.53±0.20bcd	3.82±0.21cd	89.27±2.89bcd	30.05±2.25a	32.04±1.64de
金糯6号（CK2）	118.2±3.8b	25.01±0.94b	5.44±0.54bc	226.88±17.08cd	9.54±0.06bcd	3.72±0.23d	92.61±2.96a	25.07±1.27b	28.79±3.98e
金贵丝苗（CK3）	112.5±3.5c	24.97±1.86b	4.63±0.64d	214.38±35.64d	10.21±0.26a	4.09±0.54abc	90.37±4.08abc	24.74±1.64b	36.79±2.31bc
同一性状不同小写字母表示差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same trait indicate differences at P＜0.05.

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表 5 亲本及其杂种后代主要产量及品质性状配合力方差

Table 5. Variance of combining ability on yield and quality traits of parents and their hybrid offspring

变异来源 Source of variation	组合 Combination	不育系一般配合力方差 A	恢复系一般配合力方差 R	组合特殊配合力方差 A×R	误差 Error
株高 Plant height	51.77**	70.73**	150.00**	14.28	13.15
有效穗数 Effective tiller number	2.85**	5.96	2.59	2.17**	0.65
穗长 Panicle length	5.92**	13.25	5.30	4.29	3.40
结实率 Setting percentage	67.67**	140.46*	124.65*	30.48**	13.16
千粒重 Thousand seed weight	3.50**	11.92**	3.82	1.29*	0.59
长宽比 Length-width ratio	0.12**	0.37**	0.07	0.07	0.05
单株产量 Yeld per plant	102.37**	327.69*	21.36	73.04**	22.83
直链淀粉含量AC	0.04**	0.10**	0.06*	0.02**	0.01
碱消值 ASV	2.84**	3.68	8.09**	1.25*	0.67
^代表P＜0.05的显著水平，^代表P＜0.01的显著水平。 ^: significant at P＜0.05; ^**: significant at P＜0.01.

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表 6 亲本主要产量和品质性状的GCA效应值

Table 6. GCA effect on yield and quality traits of parents

亲本 Parent	株高 Plant height	有效穗数 Effective tiller number	穗长 Ear length	结实率 Setting percentage	千粒重 Thousand seed weight	长宽比 Length-width ratio	单株产量 Yield per plant	直链淀粉含量AC	碱消值 ASV
X-27	4.30	3.21	0.60	6.04	0.31	−1.63	4.64	−3.92	7.02
X-41	0.59	−7.78	−0.71	−7.12	5.33	−1.51	−4.68	3.22	1.75
X-57	−2.20	4.06	−3.49	0.81	−2.28	0.89	3.19	−9.46	1.65
X-104	2.02	−5.25	4.78	2.77	−0.87	−1.76	−2.03	6.46	−24.56
X-107	−4.71	5.75	−1.18	−2.49	−2.50	4.02	−1.12	3.69	15.79
糯326S	−1.60	11.68	2.47	3.59	−4.92	1.26	19.84	2.26	−1.75
闽农糯6A	−0.07	−7.28	3.75	−2.48	−0.44	−7.66	−9.18	−2.47	9.47
明糯208A	3.71	−3.89	−0.24	−5.51	7.00	4.07	−7.37	5.27	−27.02
闽糯2S	−2.04	−0.51	−5.98	4.41	−1.65	2.33	−3.29	−5.06	19.30

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表 7 20个组合主要产量和品质性状的SCA效应值

Table 7. SCA effect on yield traits, AC, and ASV in 20 combinations

组合 Combination	株高 Plant height	有效穗数 Effective tiller number	穗长 Ear length	结实率 Setting percentage	千粒重 Thousand seed weight	长宽比 Length-width ratio	单株产量 Yield per plant	直链淀粉含量AC	碱消值 ASV
糯326S/X-27	4.31	11.68	3.30	9.45	−9.21	−2.78	34.04	−0.85	12.28
闽农糯6A/X-27	5.58	−8.63	4.84	2.99	1.56	−7.18	−6.69	5.38	−1.75
明糯208A/X-27	7.16	15.06	1.52	−0.39	7.81	9.82	−4.80	0.65	−1.75
闽糯2S/X-27	6.94	−5.25	−7.26	12.11	1.09	−6.40	−4.01	−5.18	19.30
糯326S/X-41	0.58	1.52	6.02	0.76	3.43	4.99	0.12	4.22	−15.79
闽农糯6A/X-41	0.89	−22.17	4.72	−6.93	3.97	−12.96	−23.58	−0.63	12.28
明糯208A/X-41	1.26	−12.01	0.69	−22.79	10.53	−3.73	−0.95	−5.36	−29.82
闽糯2S/X-41	−3.94	1.52	−14.26	0.46	3.37	5.68	5.68	1.78	40.35
糯326S/X-57	−5.00	21.83	1.76	4.11	−1.14	4.73	30.17	1.49	19.30
闽农糯6A/X-57	−4.71	−5.25	−3.34	−5.40	−5.44	−8.04	−4.14	−0.72	19.30
明糯208A/X-57	3.68	1.52	−2.28	4.04	3.31	2.14	−0.03	−0.01	−29.82
闽糯2S/X-57	−6.22	−1.86	−10.10	0.49	−5.84	4.73	−13.23	−0.76	−8.77
糯326S/X-104	−2.41	1.52	−1.21	2.52	−6.10	−4.59	10.09	0.23	−43.86
闽农糯6A/X-104	2.69	−8.63	7.09	4.23	2.83	−4.68	−6.57	−11.57	−15.79
明糯208A/X-104	2.72	−25.55	1.99	−3.09	5.78	0.16	−29.08	6.05	−43.86
闽糯2S/X-104	1.49	11.68	11.24	7.42	−5.97	2.05	17.46	5.30	5.26
糯326S/X-107	−7.40	21.83	2.47	1.10	−11.57	3.95	24.76	−5.08	19.30
闽农糯6A/X-107	−5.37	8.29	5.43	−7.30	−5.11	−5.45	−4.90	7.54	33.33
明糯208A/X-107	2.26	1.52	−3.11	−5.33	7.59	11.97	−2.00	−1.32	−29.82
闽糯2S/X-107	−4.50	−8.63	−9.51	1.56	−0.89	5.59	−22.35	−1.14	40.35

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表 8 杂种一代的产量和品质性状的超亲优势和竞争优势

Table 8. Yield, AC, and ASV of F1 hybrids that surpassed parents

组合 Combination	单株重 Weight per plant			直链淀粉含量AC			碱消值ASV
组合 Combination	超亲优势 Heterobeltiosis	竞争优势CK1 Competitive advantage CK1	竞争优势CK2 Competitive advantage CK2	超亲优势 Heterobeltiosis	竞争优势CK1 Competitive advantage CK1	竞争优势CK2 Competitive advantage CK2	超亲优势 Heterobeltiosis	竞争优势CK1 Competitive advantage CK1	竞争优势CK2 Competitive advantage CK2
糯326S/X-27	38.40	55.15	74.12	1.17	−5.46	−9.90	−21.04	−16.46	−9.35
闽农糯6A/X-27	15.54	24.51	45.36	2.92	−3.83	−8.33	−30.81	−26.80	−20.58
明糯208A/X-27	17.89	32.16	48.32	5.85	−1.09	−5.73	−30.81	−26.80	−20.58
闽糯2S/X-27	18.88	33.27	49.57	−11.11	−16.94	−20.83	−16.00	−11.13	−3.57
糯326S/X-41	32.52	39.00	55.99	11.43	6.56	1.56	−30.43	−37.30	−31.97
闽农糯6A/X-41	1.15	6.10	19.07	1.71	−2.73	−7.29	−7.30	−16.46	−9.35
明糯208A/X-41	31.10	37.51	54.32	4.57	0.00	−4.69	−42.09	−47.81	−43.37
闽糯2S/X-41	39.86	46.70	64.64	1.14	−3.28	−7.81	16.00	4.55	13.44
糯326S/X-57	18.57	49.77	68.08	−8.24	9.29	−13.02	−3.57	−11.13	−3.57
闽农糯6A/X-57	5.37	33.09	49.36	−14.84	−15.30	−19.27	−3.57	−11.13	−3.57
明糯208A/X-57	9.88	38.78	55.75	−6.59	−7.10	−11.46	−43.37	−47.81	−43.37
闽糯2S/X-57	−4.63	20.46	35.19	−17.58	−18.03	−21.88	−26.36	−32.13	−26.36
糯326S/X-104	29.71	52.83	71.52	14.88	5.46	0.52	−56.44	−58.15	−54.59
闽农糯6A/X-104	10.09	29.71	45.57	−2.38	−10.38	−14.58	−34.75	−37.30	−31.97
明糯208A/X-104	−16.44	−1.55	10.49	24.40	14.21	8.85	−56.44	−58.15	−54.59
闽糯2S/X-104	38.40	63.08	83.01	12.50	3.28	−1.56	−18.43	−21.63	−14.97
糯326S/X-107	17.39	42.25	59.64	−4.28	−2.19	−6.77	−3.57	−11.13	−3.57
闽农糯6A/X-107	8.97	32.03	48.18	3.21	5.46	0.52	7.65	−0.78	7.65
明糯208A/X-107	12.29	36.06	52.69	2.14	4.37	−0.52	−43.37	−47.81	−43.37
闽糯2S/X-107	−11.03	7.80	20.98	−7.49	−5.46	−9.90	13.44	4.55	13.44
变化幅度	−16.44～39.86	−1.55～63.08	10.49～83.01	−17.58～24.40	−18.03～14.21	−21.88～8.85	−56.44～16.00	−58.15～4.55	−54.59～13.44
CK1为珍珠糯、CK2金糯6号。 CK1: Zhenzhunuo; CK2: Jinnuo 6.

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表 9 主要农艺性状及品质性状的遗传方差分量及遗传率

Table 9. Genetic variance components and heritability of major agronomic traits and AC

性状 Character	基因型方差 Genotypic variance				方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/%				遗传率 Heritability/%
性状 Character	G1	G2	G12	误差 Error	Vg	Vg1	Vg2	Vs	h²_B	h²_N
株高 Plant height	6.786	2.258	0.226	13.154	97.6	73.2	24.4	2.4	41.34	40.33
有效穗数 Effective tiller number	0.021	0.152	0.303	0.650	36.3	4.4	31.9	63.7	42.28	15.34
穗长 Panicle length	0.051	0.358	0.178	3.401	69.7	8.6	61.1	30.3	14.72	10.25
结实率 Setting percentage	4.709	4.399	3.463	13.164	72.5	37.5	35.0	27.6	48.85	35.39
千粒重 Thousand seed weight	0.126	0.425	0.140	0.589	79.8	18.3	61.5	20.2	53.99	43.07
长宽比 Length-width ratio	0.009	0.012	0.004	0.050	76.4	36.4	48.6	23.6	23.99	18.33
单株产量 Yeld per plant	2.253	10.186	10.043	22.828	50.4	10.0	45.3	49.7	46.98	23.66
AC	0.002	0.004	0.002	0.007	71.1	21.5	49.4	28.9	51.95	36.95
ASV	0.121	0.273	0.116	0.671	77.4	23.7	53.5	22.6	43.20	33.43
G1表示糯稻不育系GCA基因型方差，G2表示糯稻恢复系GCA基因型方差，G12表示糯稻不育系与糯稻恢复系互作（SCA）基因型方差，Vg表示GCA基因型方差占总方差比，Vg1表示糯稻不育系GCA基因型方差占总方差比，Vg2表示糯稻恢复系GCA基因型方差占总方差比，Vs表示糯稻不育系和糯稻恢复系互作（SCA）基因型方差占总方差比。h²_B表示广义遗传率，h²_N表示狭义遗传率。 G1: Variance of GCA genotypes of glutinous sterile lines; G2: variance of GCA genotypes of glutinous recovery lines; G12: variance of SCA genotypes of glutinous sterile lines and glutinous recovery lines; Vg: variance of GCA genotypes to total variance; Vg1: variance of GCA genotypes of glutinous sterile lines to total variance; Vg2: variance of GCA genotypes of glutinous recovery lines to total variance; Vs: variance of SCA genotypes of glutinous sterile lines to total variance; h²_B: broad heritability; h²_N: narrow heritability.

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