冬小包脚菇可培养内生真菌及菌基土壤真菌物种多样性分析

李鹏; 熊雪; 向准; 和耀威; 刘忠玄; 王晶

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.014

冬小包脚菇可培养内生真菌及菌基土壤真菌物种多样性分析

贵州省生物研究所，贵州　贵阳　550009

基金项目: 贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合支撑[2019]2332号、黔科合支撑[2021]一般196、黔科合服企[2018]4002）

详细信息

作者简介:
李鹏（1987−），男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事食用菌品种选育与栽培研究（E-mail：761410952@qq.com）

通讯作者:
向准（1976−），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事食用菌品种选育与栽培研究（E-mail：xiangzhun@163.com）

中图分类号: TS 201.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-03
- 修回日期: 2022-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-28
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-27

Diversity of Culturable Endophytes and Rhizosphere Fungi of Volvariella brumalis

Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou　550027, China

摘要

摘要:
目的明确冬小包脚菇菌基土壤真菌和可培养内生真菌组成情况，为冬小包脚菇子实体分离及栽培奠定基础。
方法以野生冬小包脚菇子实体及其菌基土壤为研究对象，采用传统组织分离法对子实体进行分离、纯化及ITS测序鉴定，并结合高通量测序法对菌基土壤真菌进行测序。
结果分离得到的冬小包脚菇纯菌株属于Volvopluteus类群，也可属于传统定义的Volvariella类群。共得到冬小包脚菇内生真菌菌株50个，分属为3门13科16属20种，另有未定义科2个菌株，分别属于2个属，其中镰刀菌属（Fusarium）和毛霉属（Mucor）为优势属，且冬小包脚菇子实体内生真菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）为2.45，Simpson指数（Ｄ）为0.88，均匀度指数Pielou（J）为0.88，Margalef丰富度指数（R）为3.83。而冬小包脚菇菌基土壤中共检测到平均样品序列数67 919个，鉴定出276种土壤真菌，归属于10门131科213属，优势属为被孢霉属（Mortierella）、瓶毛壳属（Lophotrichus）、假散囊菌属（Pseudeurotium）、Pseudaleuria和两个未定义属unclassified_o_Sordariales、unclassified_c_Sordariomycetes。3个土样平均Ace指数达298.7，Shannon指数达3.53，Simpson指数为0.08，Chao 指数为304.23。
结论冬小包脚菇可培养内生真菌和菌基土壤真菌都具有较为丰富的物种组成，该结论对冬小包脚菇菌种分离、培养、病虫害防治等栽培要点提供一定理论指导。
- 冬小包脚菇 /
- 鉴定 /
- 内生真菌 /
- 菌基土壤 /
- 物种组成
Abstract:
Objective To promote the cold climate, specialty mushrooms in Guizhou, Volvariella brumalis as an ideal fill-in of the popular straw mushroom, V. volvacea, for wintertime market, the culturable endophytes and rhizosphere fungi associated with it were isolated and investigated to aid the cultivation.
Methods Specimens from the fruiting bodies and rhizosphere soil of V. brumalis in the wild were collected. Endophytes in the fruiting bodies were isolated, cultured, and identified by ITS sequencing using the traditional tissue separation method, and fungal community in the rhizosphere soil analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.
Results The 50 isolated endophytic strains were Volvopluteus, or the traditionally defined Volvariella, genera. They belonged to 3 phyla, 13 families, 16 genera (two of undefined families), and 20 species. Among them, Fusarium and Mucor were the dominant genera. The fungal Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.45, the Simpson index 0.88, the evenness index Pielou 0.88, and the Margalef richness index 3.83. In the rhizosphere soil, 67 919 sequences were detected with 276 kinds of fungi that belonged to 10 phyla, 131 families, and 213 genera. The dominant genera included Mortierella, Lophotricus, Pseudeurotium, Pseudaleuria, unclassified_o_Sordariales, and unclassified_c_Sordariomycetes. The Ace indices of 3 soil samples averaged 298.7, the Shannon indices 3.53, the Simpson indices 0.08, and the Chao indices 304.23.
Conclusion Both the culturable endophytes and the rhizosphere fungi of V. brumalis were relatively rich in diversity. The information obtained would facilitate further research on the isolation, cultivation, and pest control of the mushroom for potentially valuable marketing in winter.
- Volvariella brumalis /
- identification /
- endophytic fungi /
- rhizosphere soil /
- fungal diversity

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图 1 基于ITS序列构建的冬小包脚菇系统发育树

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of V. brumalis constructed based on ITS sequence

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图 2 基于属水平的冬小包脚菇菌基土壤真菌物种组成

Figure 2. Composition of V. brumalis rhizosphere soil fungi at genus level

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表 1 冬小包脚菇可培养内生真菌菌群组成

Table 1 Composition of culturable endophytes in V. brumalis

门 Phylum	科 Family	属 Genus	菌株数 Number of strains	相对丰度 Relative abundance/%	相似种 Similar species	菌株数 Number of strains
担子菌门 Basidomycota	原毛平革菌科 Phanerochaetaceae	烟管菌属 Bjerkandera	3	6.00	烟管菌 Bjerkandera adusta	3
	球盖菇科 Strophariaceae	球盖菇属 Stropharia	4	8.00	大球盖菇 Stropharia rugosoannulata	4
	皱孔菌科 Meruliaceae	射脉菌属 Phlebia	1	2.00	胶质射脉革菌 Phlebia tremellosa	1
	多孔菌科 Polyporales	多孔菌属 Polyporus	2	4.00	漏斗多孔菌 Polyporus arcularius	2
	裂褶菌科 Schizophyllaceae	裂褶菌属 Schizophyllum	3	6.00	裂褶菌 Schizophyllum commune	3
接合菌门 Zygomycota	毛霉菌科 Mucoraceae	毛霉属 Mucor	8	16.00	不规则毛霉 Mucor irregularis	2
接合菌门 Zygomycota	毛霉菌科 Mucoraceae	毛霉属 Mucor	8	16.00	冻土毛霉 Mucor hiemalis	6
子囊菌门 Ascomycota	丛赤壳科 Nectriaceae	镰刀菌属 Fusarium	12	24.00	禾谷镰刀菌 Fusarium graminearum	6
					木贼镰刀菌 Fusarium equiseti	3
					尖孢镰刀菌 Fusarium oxysporum	3
	瘤座孢科 Tubeculariaceae	漆斑菌属 Myrothecium	1	2.00	Myrothecium sp.	1
	生赤壳科 Bionectriaceae	粘帚霉菌属 Clonostachys	3	6.00	粉红粘帚菌 Clonostachys rosea	3
	梨孢假壳科 Apiosporaceae	节菱孢属 Arthrinium	3	6.00	暗孢节菱孢菌 Arthrinium phaeospermum	3
	革菌科 Coriolaceae	蜡孔菌属 Ceriporia	1	2.00	撕裂蜡孔菌 Ceriporia lacerata	1
	曲霉科 Aspergillaceae	青霉属 Penicillium	1	2.00	Penicillium aquaticum	1
		曲霉属 Aspergillus	3	6.00	烟曲霉 Aspergillus fumigatus	1
		曲霉属 Aspergillus	3	6.00	聚多曲霉 Aspergillus sydowii	2
	山野壳菌科 Montagnulaceae	小球壳孢属 Microsphaeropsis	3	6.00	Microsphaeropsis amaranthi	3
	未定义	Leiothecium	1	2.00	Leiothecium ellipsoideum	1
	未定义	Parengyodontium	1	2.00	Parengyodontium album	1

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表 2 Alpha多样性指数分析

Table 2 Alpha diversity index analysis

土壤样品 Soil sample	序列数 Number	Ace指数 Ace index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Chao指数 Chao index	覆盖度 Coverage/%
S1	60290.00	334.90	3.11	0.12	341.14	99.88
S2	71619.00	283.08	4.05	0.04	292.00	99.95
S3	71849.00	278.25	3.44	0.08	279.56	99.94
平均值 Mean	67919.33	298.74	3.53	0.08	304.23	—

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