Genetic Diversity and Relationship Analysis of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus Germplasm Resources Based on EST-SSR Markers
-
摘要:
目的 对170份非洲菊种质资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行研究,为非洲菊种质资源的引进、保护及利用等提供依据。 方法 采用EST-SSR分子标记,即每对染色体挑选1-3对多态性高、条带清晰的EST-SSR引物,对6个不同群体的170份非洲菊种质资源DNA进行PCR扩增,通过SSR位点、不同群体遗传多样性及UPGMA聚类分析,评估非洲菊不同个体、不同群体间的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。 结果 筛选出的39对EST-SSR引物共检测出168个等位基因(Na),平均为4.308个,平均Shannon 信息指数(I)为1.098,多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.431~0.920,平均为0.760,高于0.5。中国云南群体及混合群体的总等位基因数、总基因型数、平均等位基因数、平均基因型数、平均杂合度均较高,遗传多样性较丰富。6个群体遗传距离为0.016~0.158,平均为0.069,遗传一致度变化范围为0.854~0.984,平均为0.935,中国云南群体与混合群体的遗传距离最小,德国群体与日本群体的遗传距离最大;群体聚类分析结果显示,德国群体和中国云南群体以及混合群体聚为一支,亲缘关系较近。个体聚类结果显示在遗传相似系数0.550处,170份种质资源共分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ 6大组群,在遗传相似系数0.558处,组群Ⅴ可分为4个亚群,在遗传相似系数0.570处,组群Ⅵ可分为4个亚群,盆栽、卷曲花瓣、球型等具有单一群体来源的类型组群分布较单一,其余类型非洲菊种质分布较为分散。 结论 筛选的EST-SSR标记多态性高,可应用于非洲菊种质资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析;非洲菊种质资源遗传多样性丰富,不同群体间遗传多样性差异较大,研究结果可为非洲菊种质资源的引进、保护与育种利用等提供重要参考。 Abstract:Objective To reveal the genetic diversity and relationship of 170 germplasm resources of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus in different populations and types, and provide reference for introduction, protection and utilization of gerbera germplasm resources. Method 1-3 pairs of EST-SSR primers with high polymorphism and clear bands were selected for each chromosome pair, and 170 gerbera germplasm DNA from 6 different populations were amplified by PCR. SSR polymorphism, genetic differentiation among different populations, genetic uniformity and UPGMA cluster analysis were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among different individuals and populations of gerbera. Results A total of 168 alleles (Na) were detected in 39 selected EST-SSR primers, with an average number of 4.308, the average Shannon information index (I) was 1.098, and the variation of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.431-0.920, with an average of 0.760, which was higher than 0.5. The total allele number, total genotype number, average allele number, average genotype number, and average heterozygosity were higher in population of China Yunnan and mixed population, the genetic diversity was relatively rich. The genetic distance of the six populations ranged from 0.016 to 0.158, with an average of 0.069, and the genetic consistency ranged from 0.854 to 0.984, with an average of 0.935. The genetic distance between China Yunnan population and mixed population was the smallest, and the genetic distance between German population and Japanese population was the largest. The results of population clustering analysis showed that the German population, China Yunnan population and mixed population were clustered into one group, and the relationship was relatively close. The results of individual clustering showed that 170 germplasm resources were divided into 6 groups (I, II, III, IV, V, and VI) at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.550. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.558, group V could be divided into 4 subgroups, and at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.570, group VI could be divided into 4 subgroups. The distribution of gerbera with single population origin, including types of potting, pasta, bubble, was relatively simple, while the distribution of other gerbera germplasm was relatively dispersed. Conclusion The EST-SSR markers were highly polymorphic and could be used to analyze the genetic diversity and relatives of gerbera germplasm resources. The genetic diversity of gerbera germplasm resources is rich, and the genetic diversity of different populations is quite different. The results of this study could provide important references for the introduction, protection and breeding utilization of gerbera germplasm resources. -
Key words:
- gerbera /
- EST-SSR /
- genetic diversity /
- clustering analysis
-
图 1 部分EST-SSR引物扩增图谱
M:DNA marker;1—6:6个不同非洲菊种质样品;A:g131引物扩增结果;B:g139引物扩增结果;C:g145引物扩增结果;红色框部分所示引物在EST-SSR位点处的扩增条带。
Figure 1. Part of EST-SSR primer amplification map
M:DNA marker;1—6:Six different samples of gerbera;A:Amplication result of g131 primer;B:Amplication result of g139 primer;C:Amplication result of g145 primer;Red box shows different amplification band at EST-SSR position.
表 1 供试的非洲菊种质
Table 1. Information of 170 gerbera germplasm resources
种质来源
Germplasm sources资源名称
Resource Name德国喜乐达
Germarn Slecta莉莉安Liliana(1)、王子Prince(2)、纳坦Natan(3)、阿姆莱特Amlet(4)、茱莉亚Julia(5)、特蕾莎Teresa(6)、里奥内格罗Rionegro(7)、莫蕾莉亚Morelia(8)、黑杰克Black Jack(9)、菲比Febe(10)、福娃Fuwa、(11)、艾玛Emma(12)、科蒂奶油Cotti Creme(13)、科蒂奶油变异Cotti Creme、(14)安娜Anacleto(15)、罗德里Rodrigo(16)、米格尔Miguel(17)、红旅Red Trip(18)、希拉里Hillary(19) 荷兰花舞士
Holland Florist菜花黄Aruba(20)、法莱伦斯Fleurance(21)、水粉Ellymay(22)、大臣Testarossa(23)、玲珑Rosalin(24)、热带草原Savannah(25)、阳光露Sunway(26)阳光海岸Cabana(27) 荷兰西露丝
Holland Schirus伊斯玛拉Esmara(28)、马德里Madeli(29)、佛罗里达Foluolida(30)、卡尔加里Kaerjiali(31)、斐济Feiji(32)、苏黎世Sulishi(33)、维也纳Weiyena(34)芭比娃娃Babiwawa(35)、香格里拉Xianggerila(36)、毛里求斯Maoliqiusi(37)、摩洛哥Moluoge(38)、亚历山大Yalishanda(39)、亚丁Yading(40)、大溪地Daxidi(41)、莫斯科Mosike(42)、巴塞罗那Basailuona(43)、爱丁堡Aidingbao(44)、休斯敦Xiusidun(45) 日本
JapanP01(46)、P02(47)、P03(48)、P04(49)、P05(50)、P06(51)、P07(52)、P08(53)、P09(54)、P10(55)、P11(56)、P12(57)、P13(58)、P14(59) 中国云南
Yunnan, China荣耀Rongyao(60)、秋日Qiuri(61)、醉雪Zuixue(62)、醉红Zuihong(63)、靓粉Liangfen(64)、红韵5号Hongyun No.5(65)、红韵6号Hongyun No.6(66)、红袍Hongpao(67)、紫佳人Zijiaren(68)、金葵花Jinkuihua(69)、温馨Wenxin(70)、醉粉Zuifen(71)、金桂Jingui(72)、国色Guose(73)、粉佳人Fenjiaren(74)、俏佳人Qiaojiaren(75)、曙光Shuguang(76)、宽云1号Kuanyun No.1(77)、紫衣皇后Ziyihuanghou(78)、紫佳人Zijiaren(79)、美阳阳Meiyangyang(80)、紫韵Ziyun(81)、玉镜Yujing(82)、珍爱Zhenai(83)、拉丝1号Spider No.1(84)、拉丝2号Spider No.2(85)、拉丝3号Spider No.3(86)、拉丝4号Spider No.4(87)、拉丝6号Spider No.6(88)、紫拉丝Spider Purple(89)、拉丝8号Spider No.8(90) 混合
Mix开心Kaixin(91)、红星hongxing(92)、玲珑粉Linglongfen(93)、桑格里厄Sanggelier(94)、F1(95)、冰清玉洁Bingqingyujie(96)、大雪桔Daxuejv(97)、小雪桔Xiaoxuejv(98)、大088 Da088(99)、234(100)、黄色绿心旧Huangselvxinjiu(101)、新大088Xinda 088(102)、路易Luyi(103)、红胜利Hongshengli(104)、红艳Hongyan(105)、云南红Yunnanhong(106)、红黑心Hongheixin(107)、HZ(108)、S29(109)浅紫Qianzi(110)、紫衣Ziyi(111)、太阳神Taiyangshen(112)、爱神Aishen(113)、卡提Kati(114)、白边紫衣Baibianziyi(115)、紫水晶Zishuijing(116)、紫灵Ziling(117)、绿心靓粉Lvxinliangfen(118)、粉蝶Fendie(119)、大地粉Dadifen(120)、大玲珑Dalinglong(121)、蜜糖Sweet Candy(122)、GU078(123)、薇娅Weiya(124)、LA4(125)、白马王子Dalma(126)、星光Xingguang(127)、彩蝶Caidie(128)、老香槟Laoxiangbin(129)、香槟Xiangbin(130)、新香槟Xinxiangbing(131)、大香槟Daxiangbin(132)、梅罗斯Meiluosi(133)、太阳风暴Taiyangfengbao(134)、纯黄Chunhuang(135)、贵族Guizu(136)、淑女Shunv(137)、紫带白边Zidaibaibian(138)、白色红圈Baisehongquan(139)橙黄双色Chenghuangshuangse(140)、白粉复色Baifenfuse(141)、晨光Chenguang(142)、双色Shuangse(143)、西瓜红Xiguahong(144)、鲁西亚Luxiya(145)、露西娅Lucia(146)、高山Gaoshan(147)、普罗文斯Puluowensi(148)、多利Fredonzelle(149)、马亚Maya(150)、巴比伦Babilun(151)、上海绿Shanghailv(152)、巴龙Balong(153)、灿烂Canlan(154)、一点红Motezuma(155)、S50(156)、Y5(157)、北极星Beijixing(158)、千禧红Qianxihong(159)、红小花Hongxiaohua(160)、派德Paide(161)爱心Aixin(162)、B6(163)、火焰Huoyan(164)、CY1804(165)、西瓜红拉丝Spider xiguahong(166)、黄色拉丝Spider yellow(167)、紫色拉丝Spider purple(168)、葵心Kuixin(169)、紫苏Zisu(170) 资源名称后括号内的数字表示种质编号。The number in parentheses after the resource name indicates the germplasm number. 表 2 39对EST-SSR引物序列
Table 2. Sequence of EST-SSR Primers
引物名称
Primer name正向引物
Forward primer反向引物
Reverse primer片段长度
Fragment length/bp染色体位置
Chromosomal locationg23 CATCCCTTACGTTGGCACTT CACCCTTGAAACCCTCTCTG 167 16# g24 AGTGGGAGAAGCTATGCCAA GGGTCGCCATAGCAAATAGA 187 17# g25 GATTGGATGCTAGCTTTGCC GGGCATTTTGGACATTTGAT 162 25# g27 AATCCTCAATGCCACCTTTG GAGGCAGGAATTGACTGGAA 160 16# g28 CGTTTTACATGCAGCCTCAA CTTTGCTTCCTCTGCCTGAC 167 7# g31 ATCGGCTCAAGGTAAGGGAT GCTCAATGGCTTCAGACACA 186 1# g32 ATTTTGAAGGGATTGGTGGG TCATGCCATATTCCCTCGAT 174 25# g36 AGCAAGATCAAAAGACCCGA CCTTTGTCGTCATAGCAATCAA 167 21# g37 CGCCATTAAAGCCTTCTTTC GGAAGGCTTGTGTTGGTTGT 151 3# g39 ACAAAGAATCCGTCCACCAG GACCGTATTGGGCAGGTCTA 164 24# g40 GAGGCGTTATCGGACTTTGA TTCTTCTTGGGACGTAACCG 168 9# g44 TTAGGAGTGGAGTCGCTGCT CGAAAAGCTAGCAAATGGACA 200 21# g47 GAAATCCGTGAAAGGTCGAA TGTACAAACCCACCTCCCTT 193 11# g64 CGCTTCCTCCTACAACAAGC GTGTCCCCACCATTCAAGTT 163 9# g81 CCAAAAGCCGAAATTGCTAC AATCACATTTGCAAGCGACA 149 3# g91 CCGAGCAAATTGTGGATCTT CGACACCTTTCCAAGCATCT 154 5# g93 TGCTGCATCTCATCATTCCT AGGAGAATCCATGTAGCCGA 217 18# g96 TCTGTGTTCCTCCGTCTCCT AATCAGTCGGAATGCGAATC 175 18# g108 AATGGCAGCTACTGCGTCTT TCACCATTAACGGCTGATGA 158 11# g100 AAGAATCAGAGCCTGGAGCA CCCCTCTACGCTTCTTGATG 237 6# g110 ATTCATGTAACCAGTGGCGG AAGTAACGGCGATCAACGAC 145 13# g118 GCTGCCCAACAACTCATGTA TACCAAGCACAACCAGGTCA 237 6# g127 CGACCAACGTTCCAAGAAAT CGACAAACACTTCGGAGGAT 205 24# g129 GGCGTACAACACTAGCAGCA TGATTTGTGGAATGGCTTGA 216 12# g131 GTGGAAAAAGAAAATGGCGA CAACATTTTCGATTGCGATG 130 4# g139 TCATCATGGGTCCTTCACAA ACCCACAAAAAGCTTTGCAC 189 8# g145 AGCTAGTGGTGTTTCAGCCA CATCATGACTGACGGGAGTG 157 10# g155 CTGGCTTTGACGAAAACACA ATCGCCATCCTGTCAATTTC 148 20# g167 GCCTGGTGTCAATCCTTGTT TGAATTGCAAAGGGTTGTGA 139 14# g185 AGGAAGTGTGGGGTCACTTG TTTGAAGTTATGCTGCACCG 203 23# GEM57 GGGTTGATGTAGGCTTTGTT TCCTGGATTATCATTCACCAT 155 1# GEM109 TGCTCCTCCTGCATTATCCT TAAGAGGGAGGCGAGAACAG 135 GEM130 GCGGAGATACATTACGTGATAGG AGAGTTTTGCTCGCCAACAT 146 15# GEM148 CGAAGCTCTCAAAGCAAAGG TTCAGGAGGTGATGGTGTCA 140 2# GEM162 AAAGGTGCATTACTTGTTCTCTCC GCTTTGCTCTTGGCTTTGTC 134 12# GEM187 CCCTTCCTTTTTCTACTCCTCCT GATGTCGATCCAGGTTGCTC 154 22# GEM203 TTCTGCTTCTTGGGATGATTG TAAAAACCGTCTCCGTCGTC 141 21# GEM209 GGGTATCCAAAGTCTACGAT ACTAAGTTTGCATAAAGATTGC 135 19# GEM264 GTTGACATCAAACCGTCGTC TCCATATTTTGTTGCACCGTA 157 13# GEM57-GEM264等9对EST-SSR引物来源于参考文献[24]。
9 pairs of EST-SSR primers, including GEM57-GEM264, were obtained from references[24].表 3 39对EST-SSR标记的遗传参数
Table 3. Genetic parameters from the 39 pairs of EST-SSR markers
位点
Locus等位基因数
Number of alleles (Na)有效等位基因数
Effective number of alleles (Ne)Shannon信息指数
Shannon’s information index (I)多态信息含量
polymorphic information (PIC)g23 5 2.488 1.052 0.770 g24 3 2.030 0.864 0.695 g25 4 3.241 1.244 0.824 g27 6 3.009 1.303 0.843 g28 3 1.354 0.518 0.431 g30 5 3.346 1.316 0.845 g32 6 4.772 1.623 0.920 g36 4 2.672 1.134 0.786 g37 3 2.654 1.037 0.790 g39 3 2.837 1.071 0.801 g40 5 2.629 1.168 0.791 g44 4 2.892 1.162 0.822 g47 4 2.217 0.972 0.734 g64 3 2.057 0.766 0.655 g81 5 3.936 1.461 0.850 g91 4 2.352 1.066 0.762 g93 6 3.209 1.315 0.849 g96 4 1.393 0.593 0.478 g100 7 4.423 1.656 0.917 g108 4 2.670 1.107 0.790 g110 5 4.043 1.486 0.893 g118 4 2.541 1.040 0.773 g127 3 2.300 0.929 0.731 g129 4 1.701 0.679 0.579 g131 4 2.435 1.062 0.772 g139 5 3.478 1.344 0.856 g145 4 3.154 1.261 0.850 g155 3 2.513 1.005 0.770 g167 3 2.563 1.002 0.746 g185 3 1.570 0.656 0.544 GEM57 3 1.982 0.813 0.650 GEM109 5 1.840 0.858 0.644 GEM130 3 1.837 0.800 0.647 GEM148 4 2.274 1.068 0.766 GEM162 6 4.178 1.550 0.905 GEM187 4 1.804 0.801 0.630 GEM203 7 4.159 1.607 0.903 GEM209 4 2.220 0.939 0.734 GEM264 6 3.858 1.510 0.891 Mean 4.308 2.734 1.098 0.760 表 4 6个非洲菊群体间的遗传多样性
Table 4. Genetic diversity among 6 gerbera populations
群体
Population群体大小
Population size总等位基因数
Total allele number总基因型数
Total gene type number平均等位基因数
Average allele number平均基因型数
Average gene type number平均杂合度
Average heterozygosity德国
German Slecta19 153 243 3.923 6.231 0.578 荷兰花舞士
Florist Holland8 132 156 3.385 4.000 0.606 荷兰西露丝
Schirus Holland18 145 228 3.718 5.846 0.513 日本
Japan14 114 165 2.923 4.231 0.482 中国云南
Yunnan China31 159 280 4.077 7.179 0.607 混合群体
Mix80 167 335 4.282 8.590 0.604 表 5 非洲菊群体间的遗传一致度和遗传距离
Table 5. Genetic similarity and genetic distance between different gerbera populations
群体
Population德国
German荷兰花舞士
Holland Florist荷兰西露丝
Holland Schirus日本
Japan中国云南
Yunnan province, China混合
Mix德国 German 0.950 0.956 0.854 0.973 0.982 荷兰花舞士 Holland Florist 0.052 0.951 0.893 0.955 0.973 荷兰西露丝 Holland Schirus 0.045 0.050 0.861 0.943 0.963 日本 Japan 0.158 0.114 0.149 0.891 0.894 中国云南 Yunnan province, China 0.028 0.046 0.059 0.116 0.984 混合 Mix 0.018 0.028 0.038 0.112 0.016 右上角为Nei氏遗传一致度,左下角为遗传距离。 The upper right corner is the Nei’s genetic consistency, and the lower left corner is the genetic distance. -
[1] BHATIA R, SINGH K P, JHANG T, et al. Assessment of clonal fidelity of micropropagated Gerbera plants by ISSR markers [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2009, 119(2): 208−211. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.07.024 [2] TEERI T H, ELOMAA P, KOTILAINEN M, et al. Mining plant diversity: Gerbera as a model system for plant developmental and biosynthetic research [J]. BioEssays, 2006, 28(7): 756−767. doi: 10.1002/bies.20439 [3] 中国植物志委员会. 中国植物志(第七十九卷)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996. [4] HANSEN H. A story of the cultivated gerbera [J]. New plantsman, 1999, 6(2): 85−95. [5] 李绅崇. 非洲菊单倍体种质创制及重组抑制基因TOP3α的克隆与表达分析[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2020.LI S C. Creation of haploid germplasm of Gerbera jamesonii and cloning and expression analysis of recombinant suppressor gene TOP3α[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2020. (in Chinese) [6] KLOOS W E, GEORGE C G, SORGE L K. Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance and leaf macrohair density in Gerbera hybrida [J]. HortScience, 2005, 40(5): 1246−1251. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1246 [7] ROGER M N, Tjia B O. Gerbera production for cut flowers and pot plants[M]. Portland: Timber Press, 1990. [8] 沈强, 衣常红, 赵娟. 非洲菊品种的收集、繁育及保存研究 [J]. 上海农业学报, 2005, 21(1):45−48.SHEN Q, YI C H, ZHAO J. Research on collection, tissue culture and preservation of Gerbera jamesonii [J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2005, 21(1): 45−48. (in Chinese) [9] 桂敏, 熊丽, 李金泽, 等. 非洲菊切花品种引种试种研究 [J]. 云南农业科技, 2003(B06):144−151.GUI M, XIONG L, LI J Z, et al. Research of introduction and trial of cultivars for Gerbera jamesonii [J]. Yunnan Agricultural Science and Technology, 2003(B06): 144−151. (in Chinese) [10] 张大栋, 马鸿翔, 汤日圣, 等. 引进非洲菊品种在南京大棚栽培的适应性研究 [J]. 江苏农业科学, 2003, 31(3):43−45.ZHANG D D, MA H X, TANG R S, et al. The adaptive faculty of some introduced Gerbera jamesonii varieties cultivated under greenhouse in Nanjing [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2003, 31(3): 43−45. (in Chinese) [11] 任重, 白倩, 苏淑钗. 基于SSR分子标记的中国黄连木遗传多样性分析 [J]. 西北植物学报, 2022, 42(9):1530−1539.REN Z, BAI Q, SU S C. Genetic diversity analysis of Pistacia chinensis bunge based on SSR markers [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2022, 42(9): 1530−1539. (in Chinese) [12] 钟海丰, 黄宇翔, 钟淮钦, 等. 22个非洲菊品种遗传多样性ISSR分析 [J]. 南方农业学报, 2012, 43(1):1−4.ZHONG H F, HUANG Y X, ZHONG H Q, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of 22 Gerbera jamesonii cultivars using ISSR markers [J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2012, 43(1): 1−4. (in Chinese) [13] 聂京涛, 潘俊松, 何欢乐, 等. 非洲菊部分品种资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析 [J]. 上海交通大学学报(农业科学版), 2011, 29(3):76−82.NIE J T, PAN J S, HE H L, et al. Assessment of genetic diversity of Gerbera germplasm resources by ISSR [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Agricultural Science), 2011, 29(3): 76−82. (in Chinese) [14] PRIYANKA P, PRIYANKA P, ALKA S, et al. Evaluation of genetic diversity in different genotypes of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers [J]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2014, 13(10): 1117−1122. doi: 10.5897/AJB2013.13347 [15] 杜凤凤, 刘晓静, 常雅军, 等. 基于SSR标记的荷花品种遗传多样性及群体结构分析 [J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2016, 25(1):9−16.DU F F, LIU X J, CHANG Y J, et al. Analyses on genetic diversity and population structure of Lotus cultivars(Nelumbo spp. ) based on SSR markers [J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2016, 25(1): 9−16. (in Chinese) [16] 徐言, 陈之光, 徐玉凤, 等. 基于SSR标记的西南地区野生带叶兜兰资源遗传多样性分析 [J]. 热带作物学报, 2023, 44(11):2208−2218.XU Y, CHEN Z G, XU Y F, et al. Genetic diversity of wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations in Southwest China with SSR markers [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2023, 44(11): 2208−2218. (in Chinese) [17] 邱彤, 张军, 张文林, 等. 基于SSR标记的现代月季遗传多样性研究 [J]. 北方园艺, 2015(14):115−117.QIU T, ZHANG J, ZHANG W L, et al. Genetic diversity research based on SSR molecular markers among modern rose [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2015(14): 115−117. (in Chinese) [18] GONG L, DENG Z N. EST-SSR markers for Gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) [J]. Molecular Breeding, 2010, 26(1): 125−132. doi: 10.1007/s11032-009-9380-x [19] DE PINHO BENEMANN D, MACHADO L N, ARGE L W P, et al. Identification, characterization and validation of SSR markers from the Gerbera EST database [J]. Plant OMICS, 2012, 5(2): 159−166. [20] 尹茂. 非洲菊花色表型数据化分型及EST-SSR关联分析[D]. 广东: 华南农业大学, 2021.YIN M. Analysis of color classification and EST-SSR correlation of gerbera[D]. Guangdong: South China Agricultural University, 2021. (in Chinese) [21] YUAN H J, ZHOU Q, AHMAD WANI M, et al. Construction of a genome-wide SSR marker library in Gerbera hybrida: Insights into genetic variation and germplasm resources [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2024, 324: 112543. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112543 [22] 林发壮, 李锦烨, 安慧珍, 等. 基于非洲菊转录组测序的SSR位点信息分析 [J]. 福建农业科技, 2020, 51(11):1−6.LIN F Z, LI J Y, AN H Z, et al. Analysis on SSR loci information in the transcriptome sequencing of Gerbera jamesonii L [J]. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020, 51(11): 1−6. (in Chinese) [23] 曹奕鸯, 夏朝水, 陈玮婷, 等. 应用SSR分子标记鉴定非洲菊F1代杂种的真实性 [J]. 福建农业学报, 2023, 38(7):842−850.CAO Y Y, XIA (C /Z)S, CHEN W T, et al. Authentication of F1 Gerbera j amesonii hybrids using SSR molecular markers [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 38(7): 842−850. (in Chinese) [24] GONG L, DENG Z N. Selection and application of SSR markers for variety discrimination, genetic similarity and relation analysis in Gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2012, 138: 120−127. [25] ANDERSON J A, CHURCHILL G A, AUTRIQUE J E, et al. Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps [J]. Genome, 1993, 36(1): 181−186. [26] 李美芹, 潘叶羽, 钱萍仙, 等. 杜鹃花EST-SSR标记的开发及遗传多样性分析 [J]. 植物生理学报, 2016, 52(3):356−364.LI M Q, PAN Y Y, QIAN P X, et al. Development of EST-SSR primers for Azalea and genetic analysis of cultivars [J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 2016, 52(3): 356−364. (in Chinese) [27] 林榕燕, 钟淮钦, 黄敏玲, 等. 文心兰EST-SSR标记的开发及其在遗传多样性分析中的应用 [J]. 分子植物育种, 2016, 14(11):3113−3119.LIN R Y, ZHONG H Q, HUANG M L, et al. Development of EST-SSR molecular marker and its application in genetic diversity analysis of Oncidium [J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2016, 14(11): 3113−3119. (in Chinese) [28] 王倩, 张立媛, 许月, 等. 黍稷高基元EST-SSR标记开发及200份核心种质资源遗传多样性分析 [J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(8):2308−2318.WANG Q, ZHANG L Y, XU Y, et al. High motif EST-SSR markers development and genetic diversity evaluation for 200 core germplasms in proso millet [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(8): 2308−2318. (in Chinese) [29] BOSTSTEIN D. Construction genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms [J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1980, 32(3): 314−331. [30] 白盛, 陆继亮. 云南花卉种业一枝独秀 [J]. 中国花卉园艺, 2014(7):28−29.BAI S, LU J L. Yunnan flower seed industry outshines others [J]. China Flowers & Horticulture, 2014(7): 28−29. (in Chinese) [31] 谢世彪. 非洲菊大棚周年生产技术 [J]. 福建农业科技, 2018, 49(5):40−42.XIE S B. Annual production technique for Gerbera jamesonii bolus in greenhouse [J]. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, 49(5): 40−42. (in Chinese) [32] 过聪, 袁斌, 陈锋, 等. 常见非洲菊品种生长习性与栽培 [J]. 江苏农业学报, 2022, 38(5):1366−1373.GUO C, YUAN B, CHEN F, et al. Growth habits and cultivation of common Gerbera varieties [J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 38(5): 1366−1373. (in Chinese) [33] 李越, 刘云龙, 李凡, 等. 非洲菊根腐病品种抗病性鉴定及病原菌的致病性分化 [J]. 云南农业大学学报, 2008, 23(1):33−35.LI Y, LIU Y L, LI F, et al. Identification of the disease resistance of Gerbera jamesonii cultivars to root rot and pathogenicity differentiation of phytophthora cryptogea [J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2008, 23(1): 33−35. (in Chinese) [34] 王法格, 王立新, 徐协春. 非洲菊种质资源评价和品种筛选 [J]. 中国园艺文摘, 2009, 25(9):16−19.WANG F G, WANG L X, XU X C. Seeds' quality evaluating and sifting of Gerbera jamesonii bolus [J]. Chinese Horticulture Abstracts, 2009, 25(9): 16−19. (in Chinese)