木棉花芽分化过程中的形态特征及内源激素含量变化

胡双玲; 林弓天; 陈哲泓; 尹秦婠; 陈清西; 袁媛

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.009

木棉花芽分化过程中的形态特征及内源激素含量变化

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.009

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福州市绿化管理处，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福州市绿化管理处横向项目（KH230079A）；福建农林大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（X202310389003）

详细信息

作者简介:
胡双玲（1999 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事园艺植物生理生化研究，E-mail：2318073055@qq.com

通讯作者:
袁媛（1988 —），女，博士，主要从事观赏植物栽培及花色花香相关次生代谢研究，E-mail：yuanyuan@fafu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S685.99
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-21
- 修回日期: 2024-07-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-28

Changes in Morphological Characteristics and Endogenous Hormone Content during Flower Bud Differentiation in Bombax ceiba

1.
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Horticulture, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Fuzhou Greening Management Department, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的木棉（Bombax ceiba）在我国华南地区被广泛应用于园林绿化，其果期飘絮会引发呼吸系统疾病、交通事故等各种问题。探究木棉花芽分化过程中的结构特征变化及主要内源激素含量变化，为利用植物生长调节剂调控其开花从而治理飞絮提供理论基础。方法以不同时期的木棉花芽为试材，通过石蜡切片观察分化过程中的花芽形态变化，并测定花芽内源激素脱落酸（Abscisci acid, ABA）、赤霉素（Gibberellin acid, GA₃)、生长素（Indoleacetic acid, IAA）、玉米核苷素（trans-zeatin riboside, ZR）的含量。结果木棉花芽分化过程分为前分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期和雌雄蕊形成期。10月上旬可检测到花原基分化，10月中旬萼片原基分化出现，花瓣原基分化在10月下旬，雌雄蕊原基分化及雌雄蕊形成分别可于11月中上旬和11月下旬检测到。木棉花芽分化过程中，ABA和GA₃的含量显著高于IAA和ZR的含量，其中ABA和GA₃含量整体呈下降趋势，IAA含量先下降后上升再下降，ZR含量先上升后下降；ZR/GA₃、(ZR+IAA)/GA₃比值整体呈上升趋势，GA₃/IAA比值整体呈下降趋势，ZR/IAA比值在花芽分化过程中先上升后下降，ABA/GA₃比值呈现“上升-下降-上升”的变化趋势，（GA₃+ZR+IAA）/ABA比值在花芽分化过程中表现为前期下降后回升，然后再下降。结论木棉花芽分化过程根据其形态结构可划分为六个阶段，在此过程中ABA和GA₃含量远高于ZR和IAA的含量，且含量变化与花芽分化过程呈现显著负相关。因此，在花芽分化前期提高GA₃水平，或花瓣原基分化期提高ABA水平可能可以起到抑制花芽分化的作用，并减轻因大量飞絮导致的过敏和交通干扰等困扰。
- 木棉 /
- 花芽分化 /
- 形态结构 /
- 内源激素
Abstract: Objective Morphology and endogenous hormones of Bombax ceiba flower buds in differentiation were studied to aid the control of fallen debris at fruiting stage of the popular landscape plant in southern China. Methods Morphology of the flower buds of B. ceiba at differentiation phases were observed with the paraffin sections under a microscope and contents of endogenous GA₃, IAA, ABA, and ZR determined. Results The flower bud development was classified in the phases of pre-differentiation, primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen and pistil primordium differentiation, and stamen and pistil formation. The flower primordium differentiated in early October, while the sepal primordium did in mid-October, the petal primordium in late October, the female and stamen primordium in mid-early November, and the female and stamen formed in late November. During differentiation, GA₃ and ABA in the buds were significantly higher than IAA and ZR. They generally decreased, but IAA declined at first, followed by an increase and another decline, whereas ZR rose initially and fell subsequently. The ratios of ZR/GA₃ and (ZR+IAA)/GA₃ were on an increasing trend, GA₃/IAA decreasing, ZR/IAA and ABA/IAA rising at first followed by declining, ABA/GA₃ rising-falling-rising, and (GA₃+ZR+IAA)/ABA falling-rising-falling as the differentiation progressed. Conclusion The process of B. ceiba bud differentiation can be divided into six stages based on its morphological structure, in which the contents of ABA and GA₃ are much higher than those of ZR and IAA , and the changes in the contents showed a significant negative correlation with the bud differentiation process. Consequently, applying either GA₃ on the plant prior to the process begins or ABA at the petal primordial differentiation phase could deter the floral development and mitigate the nuisance of causing human allergy and traffic interference due to the massive tree falloffs.
- Bombax ceiba /
- flower bud differentiation /
- morphology /
- endogenous hormone

HTML全文

图 1 木棉花芽不同分化期外部形态特征及内部形态结构

A1~F1分别为前分化期（I）、花原基分化期（II）、萼片原基分化期（III）、花瓣原基分化期（IV）、雌雄蕊原基分化期（V）、雌雄蕊形成期（VI）植物样品外部形态；A2~F2分别为前分化期（I）、花原基分化期（II）、萼片原基分化期（III）、花瓣原基分化期（IV）、雌雄蕊原基分化期（V）、雌雄蕊形成期（VI）内部形态结构。GP：生长点；FP：花原基；SE：花萼原基；PE：花瓣原基；PP：雌蕊原基；SP：雄蕊原基；PI：雌蕊；ST：雄蕊。

Figure 1. External morphology and internal structure of B. ceiba flower buds at differentiation phases

A1: external morphology of Phase I plant; B1: external morphology of Phase II plant; C1: external morphology of Phase III plant; D1: external morphology of Phase IV plant; E1: external morphology of Phase V plant; F1: external morphology of Phase VI plant; A2: internal structure of Phase I plant; B2: internal structure of Phase II plant; C2: internal structure of Phase III plant; D2: internal structure of Phase IV plant; E2: internal structure of Phase V plant; F2: internal structure of Phase VI plant; GP: growing point; FP: flower primordial; SE: sepal; PE: Petal; PP: pistil primordial; SP: stamen primordial; PI: pistil; ST: stamen. GP: growing point; FP: flower primordial; SE: sepal; PE: petal; PP: pistil primordial; SP: stamen primordial; PI: pistil; ST: stamen.

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图 2 木棉花芽分化过程中不同内源激素（ABA, GA3, IAA, and ZR）含量变化

不同小写字母表示不同分化时期之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。

Figure 2. Contents of different endogenous hormones（ABA, GA_3, IAA, and ZR）in B. ceiba flower buds during differentiation

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05. Same for below.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 木棉花芽分化期间不同内源激素比值变化

Figure 3. Changes in ratio of different endogenous hormones of B. ceiba flower buds during differentiation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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