Effects of Selenium and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Applications on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Selenium Accumulation of Amaranthus tricolor L.
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摘要:
目的 探明丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）在苋菜富硒栽培中的生物效应，综合评价AMF对不同硒形态处理下苋菜生长和硒积累的影响。 方法 采用盆栽试验，分析了土施外源硒和接种AMF对苋菜光合作用、生长状况、苋菜红素以及硒积累的影响。 结果 硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠和L-硒代半胱氨酸处理均降低了苋菜红素含量，但对菌根侵染率和菌根依赖性均无显著影响，同时显著提高了苋菜叶片叶绿素a、b含量、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、净光合速率（Pn）和胞间CO2浓度（Ci），其中L-硒代半胱氨酸处理效果最佳，说明外源硒处理对苋菜的生长有一定的正效应。另外，接种AMF对不同硒处理下苋菜的生长也有促进作用，且提高了叶片苋菜红素含量，同时增强了光合能力和根茎叶硒含量的积累。 结论 接种AMF和外源硒处理均能提高苋菜的光合能力和硒积累能力，从而促进苋菜生长和提高苋菜营养品质，两者交互处理可作为提高蔬菜富硒栽培的有效措施。 Abstract:Objective Amaranth cultivation enriched by applications of selenium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated. Methods In a pot experiment, selenium and AMF were added to the soil in cultivating Amaranthus tricolor L. seedlings. Effects on the photosynthesis, growth, and selenium accumulation of the plants were monitored. Results The selenium treatment significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll a and b, transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) but reduced the amaranthine and not significantly affected the infection rate of or dependence on the mycorrhizae of the seedlings. On the other hand, AMF along with the application of various selenium compounds promoted the amaranth growth and increased the leaf amaranthine content, photosynthetic capacity, and selenium accumulation in the roots, stems and leaves. Conclusion Combined AMF and selenium applications benefited the photosynthesis and nutritional quality of A. tricolor. -
图 1 不同硒处理对苋菜的菌根侵染率的影响
①不同小写字母表示P ＜ 0.05水平差异显著；②N-0为土壤中未接种AMF且硒含量为0 mg·kg−1、F-0.5为土壤中接种AMF且硒含量为0.5 mg·kg−1、F-2.5为土壤中接种AMF且硒含量为2.5 mg·kg−1。图2同。
Figure 1. Effect of selenium treatments on mycorrhizal infection rate of amaranth
①Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05; ②N-0: soil without AMF and selenium applications; F-0.5: soil inoculated with AMF and added selenium at concentration of 0.5 mg·kg−1; F-2.5: soil inoculated with AMF and added selenium at concentration of 2.5 mg·kg−1. Same for Fig. 2.
图 2 不同硒处理对苋菜的菌根依赖性的影响
Figure 2. Effect of selenium treatments on mycorrhizal dependence of amaranth
图 3 接种 AMF 和硒处理对苋菜叶绿素 a 含量的影响
①不同小写字母表示相同硒处理下未接种AMF和接种AMF之间的显著差异（P ＜ 0.05）；不同大写字母表示相同AMF接种下不同形态硒处理之间的显著差异（P ＜ 0.05）；②N-0为土壤中未接种AMF且硒含量为0 mg·kg−1、F-0为土壤中接种AMF且硒含量为0 mg·kg−1、N-0.5为土壤中未接种AMF且硒含量为0.5 mg·kg−1、F-0.5为土壤中接种AMF且硒含量为0.5 mg·kg−1、N-2.5为土壤中未接种AMF且硒含量为2.5 mg·kg−1、F-2.5为土壤中接种AMF且硒含量为2.5 mg·kg−1。下同。
Figure 3. Effect of AMF and selenium applications on chlorophyll a content in amaranth
①Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments with and without inoculated AMF under same selenium treatment at P＜0.05；those with different capital letters indicate significant differences between different selenium treatments under same AMF treatment at P＜0.05；②N-0: soil without AMF and selenium applications; F-0: soil inoculated with AMF but no selenium addition; N-0.5: soil without AMF inoculation but was added with selenium at concentration of 0.5 mg·kg−1; F-0.5: soil inoculated with AMF and added selenium at concentration of 0.5 mg·kg−1; N-2.5: soil without AMF inoculation but was added with selenium at concentration of 2.5 mg·kg−1; F-2.5: soil inoculated with AMF and added selenium at concentration of 2.5 mg·kg−1. Same for below.
图 4 接种 AMF 和硒处理对苋菜叶绿素 b 含量的影响
Figure 4. The effect of AMF inoculation and selenium treatments on chlorophyll b content in amaranth
图 5 接种 AMF 和硒处理对苋菜红素含量的影响
Figure 5. Effect of AMF and selenium applications on amaranthine content in amaranth
图 6 接种 AMF 和硒处理对苋菜根（a）、茎（b）、叶（c）总硒和叶片有机硒（d）含量的影响
Figure 6. Effects of AMF and selenium applications on total selenium in roots (a), stems (b), and leaves (c) and organic selenium in leaves (d) of amaranth
表 1 接种AMF对不同硒处理苋菜生物量及生长指标的影响
Table 1. Effects of AMF inoculation on biomass and growth indicators of amaranth under different selenium treatments
硒处理
Selenium addition/
（mg·kg−1）株高
Plant height/
cm茎粗
Stem diameter/
mm总生物量
Total biomass/
（g·盆−1）叶干重
Leaf dry weight/
（g·盆−1）茎干重
Stem dry weight/
（g·盆−1）地下部干重
Subterranean
part dry weight/
（g·盆−1）Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF 对照CK 14.49±0.08dB 17.97±0.97dA 4.76±0.29dB 5.70±0.20cA 1.89±0.05dB 2.35±0.02dA 0.67±0.03cB 0.86±0.03eA 0.41±0.04cB 0.55±0.07cA 0.81±0.03cB 0.94±0.06cA 亚硒
酸钠
Selenite0.5 16.26±1.11cdB 19.17±1.19cdA 5.24±0.26cdB 6.14±0.49cA 2.11±0.07cB 2.61±0.03cA 0.78±0.10cB 0.99±0.05eA 0.46±0.04cB 0.62±0.04cA 0.87±0.08cA 1.01±0.09bcA 2.5 17.12±1.34cB 20.21±1.35cA 5.30±0.28cB 6.23±0.33cA 2.53±0.06bB 3.12±0.06bA 1.03±0.05bB 1.36±0.07cA 0.51±0.06cB 0.65±0.06cA 0.99±0.08bA 1.11±0.04bA 硒酸钠
Selenate0.5 15.00±0.85cdB 18.74±0.82cdA 5.16±0.05cdB 5.81±0.16cA 1.70±0.08dB 2.1±0.01eA 0.71±0.05cB 0.92±0.10eA 0.44±0.08cB 0.58±0.04cA 0.56±0.04dA 0.60±0.07eA 2.5 23.32±0.73aB 25.25±0.82aA 7.11±0.12aB 7.89±0.25aA 2.63±0.02bB 3.34±0.27bA 1.09±0.09bB 1.52±0.10bA 0.86±0.06aB 1.07±0.11aA 0.68±0.07dA 0.76±0.06dA 有机硒
Organic
selenium0.5 17.14±1.42cB 20.01±0.30cA 5.27±0.40cdB 6.06±0.44cA 2.23±0.21cB 2.84±0.07cA 0.82±0.12cB 1.14±0.10dA 0.50±0.02cB 0.65±0.00cA 0.92±0.07bcB 1.05±0.03bcA 2.5 20.03±1.16bB 22.68±0.98bA 6.27±0.17bB 7.01±0.04bA 3.12±0.03aB 3.83±0.12aA 1.32±0.04aB 1.75±0.07aA 0.66±0.06bB 0.83±0.06bA 1.14±0.03aB 1.24±0.03aA 小写字母表示相同AMF接种下不同形态硒处理间的显著差异（P ＜ 0.05）；大写字母表示相同硒处理下Non-AMF和AMF之间的显著差异（P ＜ 0.05）。下同。
Data with lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences between different selenium treatments with same AMF inoculation at P＜0.05; those with different uppercase letters on same row indicate significant differences between treatments with and without inoculated AMF under same selenium treatment at P＜0.05. Same for below.
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表 2 接种AMF和不同硒处理对苋菜光合指标的影响
Table 2. Effect of AMF inoculation on photosynthetic indexes of amaranth under different selenium treatments
硒处理
Selenium addition/ (mg·kg−1)蒸腾速率Tr/
（mmol·m−2·s−1）气孔导度Gs/
（mmol·m−2·s−1）净光合速率Pn/
（µmol·m−2·s−1）胞间CO2浓度Ci/
（μmol·mol−1）Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF Non-AMF AMF 对照CK 0.79±0.03fB 1.08±0.10eA 17.84±0.42dB 29.15±1.48eA 2.25±0.04dB 4.53±0.12dA 114.2±1.74fB 144.6±0.10fA 亚硒酸钠
Selenite0.5 1.19±0.14eB 1.97±0.19dA 33.67±1.06bcB 55.74±3.35abA 3.94±0.53cB 5.63±0.10cA 161.4±2.02eB 199.6±0.95eA 2.5 1.72±0.03aB 2.59±0.05abA 38.94±1.14aB 57.91±1.10aA 6.63±0.72bB 9.33±0.38abA 202.1±1.32bB 226.7±1.25dA 硒酸钠
Selenate0.5 1.35±0.05dB 2.29±0.01cA 31.36±1.87cB 45.20±1.35dA 3.62±0.25cB 5.26±0.24cA 169.1±3.24dB 225.8±1.19dA 2.5 1.61±0.04bB 2.32±0.03cA 34.61±0.62bB 56.96±0.37abA 8.50±0.01aB 9.42±0.43abA 201.5±2.75bB 249.5±3.93cA 有机硒
Organic selenium0.5 1.48±0.01cB 2.44±0.24bcA 33.81±1.08bB 54.49±0.15bA 6.99±0.64bB 9.08±0.40bA 189.8±1.21cB 269.7±3.58bA 2.5 1.68±0.03abB 2.80±0.03aA 37.71±0.96aB 50.26±1.32cA 8.37±0.48aB 9.85±0.24aA 237.4±2.66aB 306.0±5.34aA
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