Establishing a Primary Core Collection of Chinese Yam Germplasms in Fujian
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摘要:
目的 构建福建省山药初级核心种质,为福建地方山药资源的保存、品种选育提供理论依据。 方法 以55份福建省地方主栽山药资源为材料,调查20个农艺性状,包括7个数量性状和13个描述型性状,采用离差平方和法进行聚类,根据聚类结果采用优先取样法构建初级核心种质,同时采用统计学方法及ISSR分子标记等对其代表性进行评价。 结果 构建的初级核心种质数量占原种质的43.6%,在降低冗余的同时保留了选育品种和有突出特点或地方特色的资源。初级核心种质和原种质各性状的均值、方差、变异系数、香农多样性指数无显著性差异。数量性状除茎粗外,核心种质保留了原种质变异范围的84.9%~100%。描述性指标除最弱的生长势外,核心种质保留了原种质的全部等级分布。初级核心种质和原种质的ISSR分子标记的等位基因数量、有效等位基因数量、香农多样性信息指数、Nei’s基因多样性指数无显著差异,且初级核心种质的多态位点保留率达到原种质的98.6%。基于农艺性状的主成分分析和基于ISSR分子标记的主坐标分析均确认了核心种质的代表性。 结论 构建的福建省山药初级核心种质能够较好地代表原种质的遗传多样性,有助于福建地方山药资源的保存和开发利用。 Abstract:Objective A primary core collection of Chinese yam germplasms in Fujian was established for conserving and breeding the natural resources. Method Fifty-five locally cultivated Chinese yams were categorized according to 7 quantitative and 13 descriptive traits. A cluster analysis was conducted on the data using the squared Euclidean distance method to develop a germplasm collection by priority sampling. The representativeness of the Primary Core Collection on Chinese Yams (PCCCY) was statistically evaluated using the agronomic traits as well as ISSR molecular markers. Result PCCCY received 43.6% of the previous collection. It reduced the redundancy of the old version but retained the breeding varieties as well as the germplasms of outstanding characteristics or unique local features. No significant differences were found in the means, variances, coefficients of variation, and Shannon-Wiener index between the PCCCY and the previous collection on various traits. On the quantitative traits, other than stem thickness, the PCCCY preserved 84.9% to 100% of the variation range of the previous collection. Whereas the entire original descriptive traits, except the weakest growth vigor, were kept intact. No significant differences in the number of ISSR molecular marker alleles, effective alleles, Shannon-Wiener index, and Nei’s genetic diversity index were found between the two collections. And 98.6% of the polymorphic loci in the original version were retained. The principal component analysis based on agronomic traits and the principal coordinate analysis based on ISSR molecular markers confirmed a high representativeness on the varieties by the newly established PCCCY. Conclusion The primary core collection established by this study for the Chinese yam germplasms in the province satisfactorily represented the genetic diversity of the natural resource. The PCCCY was deemed to facilitate future efforts in conserving and utilizing the local Chinese yam species. -
Key words:
- Chinese yam /
- primary core collection /
- agronomic traits /
- ISSR marker /
- Fujian Province
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表 1 55份山药资源编号、名称和基原
Table 1. Codes, names, and origins of 55 Chinese yam germplasms
编号
No.种质资源名称
Germplasm resource name基原
Origins编号
No.种质资源名称
Germplasm resource name基原
Origins1 麻沙硬壳薯
Masha hard-shelled yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis29 宁化三黄村徐引2号
Ninghua Sanhuang Xu Yin No.2褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis2 麻沙土薯
Masha local yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis30 清流雪薯*
Qingliu snow yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis3 麻沙小叶永安薯
Masha small-leaf yong'an yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis31 明溪土薯
Mingxi local yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis4 麻沙六月薯*
Mosha June yam薯蓣
D. opposita32 明溪红皮白肉
Mingxi red skin white pulp参薯
D. alata5 麻沙七月薯*
Mosha July yam薯蓣
D. opposita33 明溪淮山1号*
Mingxi Huaishan No.1褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis6 麻沙1号山药*
Masha No.1 yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis34 安砂小叶薯*
Ansha small-leaf yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis7 麻沙大薯
Masha big yam参薯
D. alata35 安砂大叶薯*
Ansha large-leaf yam参薯
D. alata8 麻沙紫薯*
Masha purple yam参薯
D. alata36 建宁紫山药*
Jianning purple yam参薯
D. alata9 麻沙大叶永安薯
Masha large-leaf yong'an yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis37 三明三元紫山药
Sanming Sanyuan purple yam参薯
D. alata10 麻沙江西薯
Mashajiang sweet yam山薯
D. fordii38 马铺1号山药*
Mapu No.1 yam山薯
D. fordii11 浦城紫山药
Pucheng purple yam参薯
D. alata39 屏南麻沙薯
Pingnan Masha yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis12 连城紫山药
Liancheng purple yam参薯
D. alata40 屏南牛腿薯
Pingnan beef leg yam参薯
D. alata13 连城红皮白肉*
Liancheng red skin white pulp参薯
D. alata41 屏南棉薯*
Pingnan soft yam薯蓣
D. opposita14 宣和雪薯*
Xuanhe snow yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis42 福安白石板大薯
Fu'an Baishiban yam参薯
D. alata15 新罗紫山药
Xinluo purple yam参薯
D. alata43 福安前洋糯米薯*
Fu'an Qianyang yam参薯
D. alata16 武平1号紫山药
Wuping No.1 purple yam参薯
D. alata44 永春紫山药
Yongchun purple yam参薯
D. alata17 武平2号紫山药*
Wuping No.2 purple yam参薯
D. alata45 永春锦溪村土薯
Yongchun Jinxi local yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis18 长汀野药薯
Changting wild yam山薯
D. fordii46 安溪山格淮山*
Anxi Shange Huaishan褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis19 长汀淮山*
Changting Huaishan褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis47 德化淮山
Dehua Huaishan褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis20 长汀红皮白肉
Changting red skin white pulp参薯
D. alata48 德化紫薇紫山药
Dehua Ziwei purple yam参薯
D. alata21 长汀紫山药
Changting purple yam参薯
D. alata49 德化1号紫山药
Dehua No.1 purple yam参薯
D. alata22 长汀紫玉淮山
Changting purple jade Huaishan参薯
D. alata50 德化2号紫山药*
Dehua No.2 purple yam参薯
D. alata23 宁化石寮村土薯
Ninghua Shiliao local yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis51 德化芹峰淮山*
Dehua Qinfeng Huaishan褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis24 宁化早熟
Ninghua precocious yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis52 马铺3号*
Mapu No.3 yam参薯
D. alata25 宁化晚熟*
Ninghua late maturation yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis53 马铺6号紫山药*
Mapu No.6 purple yam参薯
D. alata26 宁化三黄村奶薯
Ninghua Sanhuang milk yam褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis54 马铺日本薯蓣*
Mapu Japanese yam日本薯蓣 D.japonica 27 宁化三黄村紫薯
Ninghua Sanhuang purple yam参薯
D. alata55 马铺7号紫山药*
Mapu No.7 purple yam参薯
D. alata28 宁化三黄村徐引1号
Ninghua Sanhuang Xu Yin No.1褐苞薯蓣
D. persimilis*表示初级核心种质资源。
* indicates primary core collection.表 2 描述性指标的分级和赋值
Table 2. Grading and assignments of descriptive traits
性状
Characters分级与赋值
Grading and assignment生长势 GP 1=弱Weak;2=较弱Relatively weak;3=中Mdium;4=较强Relatively strong;5=强Strong 茎蔓狭翅 SNW 1=无No;2=黄绿色Yellow-green;3=紫色 Purple 基部茎刺 SBT 1=无No;2=有Yes 叶柄近叶端颜色 PLC 1=黄绿色Yellow-green;2=紫色 Purple 叶形 LS 1=戟形Halberd shape;2=长心形Long heart shape;3=心形Heart shape;4=披针形Lanceolate 叶面网脉 LSRV 1=不明显Inapparent;2=明显Apparent 零余子 Bulbil 1=无No;2=有Yes 开花 Flowering 1=无No;2=有Yes 块茎形状 TS 1=短棒状Short bar shape;2=长棒状Long bar shape;3=短圆柱形Short cylindrical shape;4=长圆柱形Long cylindrical shape;5=不规则块状 Irregular shape 表皮光滑度 SS 1=光滑Smooth;2=较光滑Relatively smooth;3=较粗糙Relatively rough;4=粗糙Rough 须根数 FRN 1=少Only a little;2=较少Not many;3=多many 块茎肉色 TFC 1=白White;2=黄白Yellow with white;3=全紫色Purple;4=不均匀紫色Uneven purple;5=仅内皮层紫色Only the endothelium is purple 肉质褐变性 FB 1=易Easy;2=不易Hard 表 3 原种质与初级核心种质7个数量性状的平均值、方差、极差和变异系数的比较
Table 3. Mean, variance, range, and CV of 7 quantitative traits of previous collection and PCCCY
性状
Characters平均值 Mean 方差 Variance 极差 Range 变异系数 CV/% 原种质 OC 初级核心种质 PCC 原种质 OC 初级核心种质 PCC 原种质 OC 初级核心种质 PCC 原种质 OC 初级核心种质 PCC 茎粗SD/mm 3.22 3.27 0.63 0.65 2.1~6.3 2.1~5.0 24.58 24.73 叶长LL/cm 14.63 13.88 9.41 10.81 6.6-21.2 6.6~19.0 20.97 20.49 叶宽LW/cm 8.39 8.35 4.48 6.15 3.0~13.6 3.0~13.6 25.23 24.30 块茎长TL cm 50.29 54.13 483.01 552.69 16.4~97.4 20.5~97.4 43.70 43.43 块茎直径TD/mm 65.01 67.85 1641.53 2207.23 5.2~230.0 32~230 62.32 69.25 龙头长TTL/cm 5.43 5.87 17.68 21.69 0~15.6 0~15.6 77.39 79.30 块茎鲜重TFW/g 917.00 984.77 366456.52 451101.78 262.5~3111.7 262.53~2813.7 66.01 68.20 表 4 原种质与初级核心种质13个描述型性状的等级分布和香农指数的比较
Table 4. Grade distribution of 13 descriptive traits and Shannon-Weaver indexes of PCCCY and previous collection
性状
Characters等级分布
Grade distribution香浓多样性指数
Shannon-Weaver index原种质
OC初级核心种质
PCC原种质
OC初级核心种质
PCC生长势 GP 1~5 2-5 1.11 1.01 茎蔓狭翅 SNW 1~3 1~3 0.98 0.96 基部茎刺 SBT 1~2 1~2 0.21 0.17 叶柄近叶端颜色 PLC 1~2 1~2 0.68 0.64 叶形 LS 1~4 1~4 0.85 1.12 叶面网脉 LSRV 1~2 1~2 0.67 0.66 零余子有无 BON 1~2 1~2 0.52 0.60 开花与否 FON 1~2 1~2 0.69 0.68 块茎形状 TS 1~5 1~5 1.48 1.51 表皮光滑度 SS 1~4 1~4 0.97 0.92 须根数 FRN 1~4 1~4 1.24 1.32 块茎肉色 TFC 1~5 1~5 1.27 1.23 肉质褐变性 FB 1~2 1~2 0.26 0.29 表 5 供试ISSR引物及其扩增的多态性
Table 5. Polymorphisms and amplified products of ISSR primers
编号
No.引物名称
Primer name引物序列
Primer sequences多态位点
Polymorphic sites总位点
Total sites多态性比率
Polymorphism ratio/%1 UBC807 AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GT 16 17 94.12 2 UBC808 AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GC 12 14 85.71 3 UBC810 GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AT 14 15 93.33 4 UBC811 GAG AGA GAG AGA GAG AC 14 14 100.00 5 UBC818 CAC ACA CAC ACA CAC AG 16 16 100.00 6 UBC825 ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CT 14 14 100.00 7 UBC827 ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CG 16 16 100.00 8 UBC834 AGA GAG AGA GAG AGA GYT 12 12 100.00 9 UBC856 ACA CAC ACA CAC ACA CYA 17 17 100.00 10 UBC864 ATG ATG ATG ATG ATG ATG 14 14 100.00 平均 Average 14.5 14.9 97.32 表 6 原种质与初级核心种质的分子遗传多样性参数比较
Table 6. Grade distribution on molecular genetic diversity parameters of PCCCY and previous collection
遗传信息
genetic information样本数
Sample size等位基因数Na 有效等位基因数Ne 多样性指数He 香农多样性信息指数I 多态位点
Polymorphic sites多态位点率
Polymorphic site rate /%原种质 OC 55 1.9732± 0.1622 1.6015±0.3239 0.3461±0.1488 0.5147±0.1871 145 97.32 初级核心种质 PCC 24 1.9597± 0.1973 1.6288±0.3118 0.3594±0.1425 0.5307±0.1810 143 95.97 表 7 原种质和初级核心种质主成分分析的特征值及累计贡献率
Table 7. Characteristic values and cumulative contribution rates of PCCCY and previous collection based on principal component analysis
主成份
Main component原种质 OC 初级核心种质 PCC 特征值
Eigenvalues贡献率
Contribution rate/%累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate/%特征值
Eigenvalues贡献率
Contribution rate/%累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution rate/%1 9.163 45.814 45.814 9.378 46.890 46.890 2 2.756 13.780 59.595 3.176 15.879 62.769 3 2.284 11.419 71.014 1.954 9.772 72.541 4 1.456 7.282 78.296 1.373 6.865 79.406 5 1.013 5.063 83.359 1.130 5.649 85.055 -
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