• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

生石灰对蜜柚果园强酸性土壤化学性质和细菌群落结构的影响

Effects of Quicklime Application on Chemical Properties and Microbial Community of Highly Acidic Pomelo Orchard Soil

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  研究生石灰对蜜柚果园强酸性土壤化学性质和细菌群落结构的影响，为蜜柚果园强酸性土壤的治理提供理论依据。
      方法  通过培育试验，设置不同生石灰用量处理，分别为0 g·kg−1（对照，T1）、1.2 g·kg−1（T2）、2.4 g·kg−1（T3），采用化学分析和高通量测序技术，探究不同生石灰施用量处理90 d后蜜柚果园土壤酸度、碳氮含量、细菌群落多样性和组成的变化，利用相关性分析研究细菌群落结构与土壤化学性质的相关性。
      结果  与未添加生石灰的对照处理相比，蜜柚果园强酸性土壤施用生石灰后，土壤pH值增加0.91～1.70，交换性铝降低60.00%～99.17%，总碳、总氮分别增加10.27%～39.29%、12.84%～34.86%，铵态氮降低27.74%～33.84%，硝态氮增加3.45%～42.70%。随生石灰施用量的增加，土壤细菌Chao1指数、ACE指数和Shannon指数呈显著增加趋势，增幅分别为47.68%～74.15%、46.40%～73.70%、9.53%～14.95%。放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是3个处理的优势菌门（相对丰度＞20%），嗜酸栖热菌属（Acidothermus）是优势菌属，且pH越低，相对丰度越高。蜜柚果园强酸性土壤施用生石灰增加绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度，提高芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas）和小单胞菌属（Micromonospora）的相对丰度。冗余分析（RDA）结果显示，化学性质总共解释69.32%的土壤细菌群落结构变化，其中pH影响最大。
      结论  蜜柚果园强酸性土壤施用生石灰能显著提升土壤pH，降低交换性铝，维持土壤总碳、总氮含量，增加土壤硝态氮含量，提高细菌群落结构的多样性和丰富度。建议蜜柚果园强酸性土壤生石灰用量为2.4 g·kg−1。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Effects of quicklime application on the chemical properties and microbial community of highly acidic pomelo orchard soil were analyzed to improve land management.
      Method   In a pot experiment, quicklime were added to the highly acidic pomelo orchard soil in a dosage of 0 g·kg−1 (T1 as control), 1.2 g·kg−1 (T2), or 2.4 g·kg−1 (T3). After 90 d, chemical analysis and high-throughput sequencing were conducted to determine the acidity and carbon and nitrogen contents as well as the microbial diversity and structure in the soil. The collected data were used to statistically analyze correlation among them.
      Result  The quicklime applications raised the pomelo orchard soil pH by 0.91–1.70, decreased the content of exchangeable aluminum by 60.00%–99.17% and that of ammonium nitrogen by 27.74%–33.84%, while increased the contents of total carbon by 10.27%–39.29%, nitrogen by 12.84%–34.86%, and nitrate nitrogen by 3.45%–42.70% over control. With increasing quicklime dosage, the soil bacteria Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices significantly increased in the ranges of 47.68%–74.15%, 46.40%–73.70%, and 9.53%–14.95%, respectively. The dominant bacteria phyla in the soils under all 3 treatments were Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria with a relative abundance greater than 20%. Acidothermus was the dominant genus with higher relative abundance at lower pHs. Overall, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonas, and Micromonospora increased with the amount of quicklime applied. The redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that soil chemistry explained 69.32% of the changes in the microbial community and that pH was the most important affecting factor.
      Conclusion  Addition of quicklime to a highly acidic pomelo orchard soil raised the pH and the contents of carbon, nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen, reduced the exchangeable aluminum, and improved the diversity and richness of microbial community in the soil. It is recommended that the amount of quicklime in the highly acidic soil of the pomelo orchard is 2.4 g·kg−1.

     

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