Evaluating Germplasms of Large-seed Broad Beans for Introduction to Fujian
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摘要:
目的 引进国内先进的大粒蚕豆种质资源在福建地区种植，对其农艺性状进行鉴定评价，筛选出适宜福建地区种植的优良大粒蚕豆品种。 方法 以福建省认定的陵西一寸品种为对照，对来自青海、江苏的10个大粒蚕豆品种进行比较试验，观测其生育期、株高、分枝数、荚长、荚宽、鲜荚产量、籽粒长、籽粒宽、百粒重、出籽率、鲜籽粒产量等指标，并进一步分析产量性状间的相关性。 结果 生育日数、单荚鲜重、荚宽、鲜籽粒百粒重与鲜荚每667 m2（下同）产量有极显著的正相关，分枝数、单株实荚数与鲜荚产量显著正相关，株高与鲜荚产量显著负相关。青海大粒蚕豆品种在福建表现为生育期短、株型高、分枝少、产量低、总体经济产值低，江苏的通蚕品种整体表现较好，其中通09-110-1蚕豆品种的荚长、荚宽、鲜荚产量、籽粒长、籽粒宽、百粒重、出籽率、鲜籽粒产量等指标均较高，干籽粒百粒重为200.08 g，出籽率达到50.53%，鲜荚产量达到1200.58 kg，高出对照32.81%。 结论 通09-110-1蚕豆品种在福建地区种植时表现良好，适宜在福建地区推广种植。 Abstract:Objective To introduce premium large-seed broad bean varieties to Fujian, the agronomic characteristics of candidate germplasms were identified and evaluated against a local cultivar for cultivation in the province. Method Ten broad bean varieties from Qinghai and Jiangsu provinces were planted using Lingxiyicun as reference to compare the growth period, plant height, branch number, pod length, pod width, fresh pod yield, seed length, seed width, 100-seed weight, seed rate, and fresh seed yield of the plants for agronomic evaluation and crop yield. Result The growth period, fresh pod weight, pod width, 100-seed weight of fresh seed, number of primary branches and number of pod weight positively, but the plant height negatively, correlated with the fresh pod weight per mu. In the trial cultivation, the Qinghai variety was shorter on growth period, taller on plant height, fewer branches on a plant, lower yield, and less output value than the others. On the other hand, the Tongcanxian varieties from Jiangsu delivered superior performance and economic value. In particular, the pod length, pod width, fresh pod yield per mu, seed length, seed width, 100-seed weight, seed rate, and fresh seed yield of Tong-09-110-1 were the highest among all varieties under testing. Its crop yield of 100-dry-seed weight at 200.08g, seeding rate per mu at 50.53%, and fresh pod yield per mu at 1 200.58 kg were highly desirable as well. Conclusion Over all, Tong-09-110-1 was considered the most productive and suitable for large scale cultivation in Fujian. -
Key words:
- Large-seed broad bean /
- agronomic characterization /
- Fujian /
- germplasm evaluation
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表 1 不同蚕豆品种的生育期
Table 1. Growth period of broad bean varieties
品种名
Types播种期
Sowing date/
(年-月-日)出苗期
Germinating
date/(年-月-日)分枝期
Branching
date/(年-月-日)现蕾期
Date of the first
inflorescence
appeared/
(年-月-日)见花期
Date of the
first flower
appeared/
(年-月-日)开花期
Flowering
date/
(年-月-日)始荚期
Date of the
first pod
appeared/
(年-月-日)采青期
Harvest
optimum
period/
(年-月-日)成熟期
Maturity date/
(年-月-日)生育
日数
Growth
period
（GP）/d日本大白皮
Japan Dabaipi2018-11-05 2018-11-14 2018-11-26 2019-02-14 2019-02-21 2019-02-26 2019-03-15 2019-04-11 2019-05-10 187 通蚕鲜6号
Tongcan（fresh）62018-11-05 2018-11-14 2018-11-27 2019-02-16 2019-02-23 2019-02-28 2019-03-22 2019-04-11 2019-05-10 187 通蚕鲜7号
Tongcan（fresh）72018-11-05 2018-11-14 2018-11-26 2019-02-14 2019-02-21 2019-02-26 2019-03-15 2019-04-11 2019-05-10 187 通蚕鲜8号
Tongcan（fresh）82018-11-05 2018-11-15 2018-11-27 2019-02-18 2019-02-25 2019-03-02 2019-03-25 2019-04-13 2019-05-14 191 通09-110-1
Tong-09-110-12018-11-05 2018-11-15 2018-11-26 2019-02-16 2019-02-23 2019-02-28 2019-03-22 2019-04-10 2019-05-10 187 通蚕鲜10号
Tongcan（fresh）102018-11-05 2018-11-14 2018-11-26 2019-02-18 2019-02-24 2019-03-01 2019-03-18 2019-04-11 2019-05-14 191 青海1号
Qinghai 12018-11-05 2018-11-14 2018-11-26 2018-12-27 2019-01-03 2019-01-08 2019-02-12 2019-03-12 2019-04-15 162 青海2号
Qinghai 22018-11-05 2018-11-13 2018-11-27 2018-12-29 2019-01-05 2019-01-10 2019-02-13 2019-03-12 2019-04-17 164 青海3号
Qinghai 32018-11-05 2018-11-14 2018-11-27 2018-12-28 2019-01-05 2019-01-10 2019-02-12 2019-03-11 2019-04-16 163 青海4号
Qinghai 42018-11-05 2018-11-13 2018-11-27 2018-12-29 2019-01-05 2019-01-10 2019-02-14 2019-03-12 2019-04-17 164 陵西一寸（CK）
Lingxiyicun（CK）2018-11-05 2018-11-14 2018-11-27 2019-02-19 2019-02-26 2019-03-03 2019-03-26 2019-04-15 2019-05-14 191 
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表 2 不同时期蚕豆品种的株高和分枝数
Table 2. Plant height and number of primary branches of broad bean varieties at different growth stages
品种名
Types株高
Plant height（PH）/cm分枝数
Number of primary branches（NPB）/个开花期
Flowering date采青期
Harvest optimum period成熟期
Maturity date开花期
Flowering date采青期
Harvest optimum period成熟期
Maturity date日本大白皮 Japan Dabaipi 33.42 cde 94.33 cd 163.87 dc 11.44 a 14.67 ab 13.67 ab 通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan（fresh）6 29.99 de 85.22 cd 147.10 def 9.44 ab 11.94 bcde 9.25 de 通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan（fresh）7 32.36 cde 80.11 cd 139.80 ef 9.94 ab 14.50 abc 13.33 ab 通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan（fresh）8 34.38 cd 95.44 cd 148.97 def 10.11 ab 14.33 abcd 14.00 a 通09-110-1 Tong-09-110-1 39.18 c 96.94 c 166.13 d 9.00 bc 11.78 cde 11.67 bc 通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan（fresh）10 31.91 de 86.21 cd 146.60 def 10.22 ab 15.56 a 13.33 ab 青海1号 Qinghai 1 61.14 b 125.44 b 232.33 b 5.67 dc 8.94 fg 7.75 ef 青海2号 Qinghai 2 69.58 a 147.83 a 259.33 a 3.83 c 7.11 g 6.50 f 青海3号 Qinghai 3 59.53 b 118.62 b 205.87 c 6.06 dc 11.53 def 10.67 cd 青海4号 Qinghai 4 61.11 b 127.56 b 228.57 bc 5.56 dc 8.77 fg 7.75 ef 陵西一寸（CK） Lingxiyicun（CK） 26.64 c 78.24 d 132.60 f 7.06 cd 10.83 efg 12.67 ab 注：1.表中每列不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），表4~6同；2.成熟期植株的分枝有部分已经枯萎，不统计在内，因此成熟期分枝数会少于结荚期。
Note: 1. Data with different lowercase letters mean significant difference (P＜0.05). Same for Table 4-6. 2. Withered branches on mature plants were not included, thus, count may be fewer at maturity than at harvest.
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表 3 鲜荚籽粒数占比率、荚长、荚宽、单荚重与株荚数表
Table 3. Seed ratio, pod length, pod width, pod weight, and pod number of broad bean varieties
蚕豆品种
Types一粒荚占比
One-grain
pod ratio/%二粒荚占比
Two-grain
pod ratio/%三粒荚占比
Three-grain
pod ratio/%四粒荚占比
Four-grain
pod ratio/%五粒荚占比
Five-grain
pod ratio/%出籽率
Seed
rate
（SR）/
%荚长
Pod
length
（PL）/
cm荚宽
Pod
width
（PW）/
cm单荚鲜重
Fresh pod
weight
（FPW）/
g单株实荚数
Number of
pod
（NP）/
个日本大白皮
Japan Dabaipi43.33 35.00 21.67 0 0 30.53 11.37 de 2.53 bcd 17.40 e 20.00 a 通蚕鲜6号
Tongcan（fresh）642.86 39.29 10.71 7.14 0 38.23 12.88 bcd 2.70 ab 26.30 c 12.67 cd 通蚕鲜7号
Tongcan（fresh）722.86 31.43 37.14 8.57 0 46.23 13.12 bc 2.52 bcd 23.92 cd 14.67 c 通蚕鲜8号
Tongcan（fresh）832.79 36.06 31.15 0 0 34.61 12.52 bcde 2.62 abc 24.86 cd 18.67 ab 通09-110-1
Tong-09-110-10 22.22 26.67 40.00 11.11 50.53 16.15 a 2.75 a 41.60 a 15.00 bc 通蚕鲜10号
Tongcan（fresh）1012.50 31.25 56.25 0 0 39.05 11.92 cde 2.60 abcd 21.62 cde 14.00 cd 青海1号
Qinghai 19.09 36.36 45.46 9.09 0 40.52 14.18 b 2.30 e 19.08 de 11.00 cd 青海2号
Qinghai 212.25 48.98 34.69 4.08 0 44.59 13.47 bc 2.43 cde 19.58 de 11.33 cd 青海3号
Qinghai 36.82 34.09 43.18 11.36 45.45 55.70 14.17 b 2.23 e 20.96 cde 10.33 d 青海4号
Qinghai 411.43 34.29 45.71 6.67 0 47.14 10.95 e 2.40 de 19.10 de 11.67 cd 陵西一寸（CK）
Lingxiyicun（CK）23.26 37.21 34.88 4.65 0 36.94 12.85 bcd 2.67 ab 32.78 b 14.33 cd
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表 4 不同蚕豆品种的鲜籽粒长、鲜籽粒宽和百粒重
Table 4. Seed length, seed width, and 100-seed weight of broad bean varieties
蚕豆品种
Types鲜籽粒长
Length of
fresh seed
（LFS）/cm鲜籽粒宽
Width of
fresh seed
（WFS）/cm鲜籽粒长宽比
Length-width
ratio of
fresh seed
（LWR）鲜籽粒百粒重
100-seed
weight of
fresh seed
（HWF）/g干籽粒百粒重
100-seed
weight of
dry seed
（HWD）/g日本大白皮 Japan Dabaipi 2.47 c 1.82 cd 1.36 271.63 bcd 170.44 cde 通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan（fresh）6 2.93 ab 2.12 a 1.38 254.71 cd 168.61 de 通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan（fresh）7 2.53 c 1.87 bcd 1.35 278.02 bcd 177.12 bcd 通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan（fresh）8 2.98 ab 2.08 a 1.43 303.38 bc 181.56 bc 通09-110-1 Tong-09-110-1 2.93 ab 1.97 abc 1.49 417.74 a 200.08 a 通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan（fresh）10 3.17 a 2.13 a 1.49 272.74 bcd 171.61 cde 青海1号 Qinghai 1 2.83 b 1.97 abc 1.44 266.51 bcd 171.43 cde 青海2号 Qinghai 2 3.04 ab 2.02 ab 1.50 241.31 cd 164.64 e 青海3号 Qinghai 3 2.50 c 1.70 d 1.47 233.08 d 151.81 f 青海4号 Qinghai 4 2.56 c 1.98 abc 1.29 271.64 bcd 176.15 bcde 陵西一寸（CK） Lingxiyicun（CK） 2.95 ab 2.08 a 1.42 325.45 b 185.43 b
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表 5 不同蚕豆品种的鲜荚产量和鲜籽粒产量
Table 5. Fresh pod and seed weights per mu produced by various broad bean varieties
蚕豆品种
Types鲜荚产量
Fresh pod weight
per mu
（PWM）/kg鲜籽粒产量
Fresh seed yield
per mu
（FYM）/kg日本大白皮 Japan Dabaipi 669.55 c 204.44 cd 通蚕鲜6号 Tongcan（fresh）6 640.95 c 245.03 c 通蚕鲜7号 Tongcan（fresh）7 674.99 c 312.03 b 通蚕鲜8号 Tongcan（fresh）8 892.84 b 309.01 b 通09-110-1 Tong-09-110-1 1200.58 a 606.62 a 通蚕鲜10号 Tongcan（fresh）10 582.36 cd 227.39 cd 青海1号 Qinghai 1 403.81 d 163.64 d 青海2号 Qinghai 2 426.95 d 190.36 cd 青海3号 Qinghai 3 416.71 d 232.12 c 青海4号 Qinghai 4 428.73 d 202.09 cd 陵西一寸（CK） Lingxiyicun（CK） 903.99 b 333.96 b
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表 6 蚕豆种质资源产量性状间的相关系数
Table 6. Correlation coefficient between yield related traits of broad bean germplasms
产量性状
Yield trait生育日数
GP株高
PH分枝数
NPB单株实荚数
NP单荚鲜重
FPW荚长
PL荚宽
PW鲜籽粒百粒重
HWF出籽率
SR鲜荚产量
PWM鲜籽粒产量
FYM生育日数 GP 1 株高 PH −0.94** 1 分枝数 NPB 0.83** −0.85** 1 单株实荚数 NP 0.74** −0.61* 0.78** 1 单荚鲜重 FPW 0.50 −0.47 0.28 0.14 1 荚长 PL −0.13 0.11 −0.14 −0.29 0.62* 1 荚宽 PW 0.87** −0.73* 0.48 0.54 0.71* 0.06 1 鲜籽粒百粒重 HWF 0.49 −0.39 0.36 0.37 0.89** 0.49 0.66* 1 出籽率 SR −0.52 0.39 −0.38 −0.71* 0.22 0.56 −0.38 0.06 1 鲜荚产量 PWM 0.74** −0.65* 0.60* 0.60* 0.88** 0.38 0.83** 0.91** −0.14 1 鲜籽粒产量 FYM 0.48 −0.43 0.37 0.27 0.94** 0.63* 0.64* 0.93** 0.28 0.90** 1 注：*和**分别表示显著相关（P＜0.05）和极显著相关（P＜0.01）
Note: * significant correlation (P＜0.05); ** extremely significant correlation (P＜0.01).
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