Morphological and Physiological Changes during Flower Bud Differentiation of Cymbidium Gold Elf 'Sun-dust'
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摘要:目的 探索杂交兰花芽分化过程中的形态及生理变化规律，为后续花期调控措施的制定和成花机理的深入研究提供理论参考。方法 以杂交兰品种‘黄金小神童’为研究材料，采用石蜡切片技术，观察其花芽分化过程；并在不同分化时期取样，对可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白等含量生理指标进行测定。结果 杂交兰‘黄金小神童’花芽分化过程可分为6个时期，依次为未分化期、花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期和合蕊柱及花粉块分化期。在花芽分化过程中，杂交兰叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉含量变化趋势为上升-下降-上升-下降，可溶性蛋白含量呈先升后降的变化趋势；而POD和CAT活性则呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势。结论 可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量在花芽分化前期的有效积累和后期的合理利用，对杂交兰花芽分化具有重要作用。Abstract:Objective Morphological and physiological changes during flower bud differentiation of a Cymbidium hybrid were studied to decipher the floral formation mechanism.Method The process of flower bud differentiation of Golden Elf 'Sun-dust' was observed by means of paraffin section. The physiological indices, such as soluble sugars, starch and soluble protein, were measured at different stages of the differentiation.Result The differentiation process could be divided into 6 phases as undifferentiated and differentiations of inflorescence primordium, floret primordium, sepal primordium, petal primordium, and column and pollinia. During the process, the contents of soluble sugars and starch in the leaves fluctuated up and down; the soluble protein increased initially followed by a decline; and, the activities of POD and CAT decreased in the beginning and then increased.Conclusion The accumulations of soluble sugars, starch and soluble protein in the leaves prior to flower bud differentiation and the effective utilization at latter stages were found to significantly affect the differentiation process as well as the subsequent flower formation of Cymbidium hybrid.
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图 1 杂交兰‘黄金小神童’花芽分化形态解剖
注：A~E依次为：未分化期、花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期；F~I：合蕊柱及花粉块分化期；1：生长锥；2：花序原基；3：小花原基；4：萼片原基；5：花瓣原基；6：合蕊柱原基；7：唇瓣；8：花瓣；9：花粉块；10：蕊喙。
Figure 1. Anatomy of flower bud differentiation of Golden Elf 'Sun-dust'
Note:A-E represent stages of undifferentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, floret primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, and petal primordium differentiation, respectively; F-I represents serial column and pollinia differentiation stages. 1: growth corn; 2: inflorescence primorium; 3: flower bud primordium; 4: sepal primordium; 5: petal primordium; 6: column primodium; 7: labellum 8: petal; 9: pollinium; 10: rostellum.
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图 2 杂交兰‘黄金小神童’花芽分化过程中可溶性糖和淀粉含量的变化
注：A~F依次为：未分化期、花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、合蕊柱及花粉块分化期。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。图 3、4同。
Figure 2. Changes on soluble sugar and starch contents of Golden Elf 'Sun-dust' during flower bud differentiation
Note: A-F were stages of undifferentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, floret primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation column and pollinia differentiation.The different lowercase letters in the figure showed significant differences(P < 0.05), the same as fig. 3-4.
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图 3 杂交兰‘黄金小神童’花芽分化期叶片中可溶性蛋白含量的变化
Figure 3. Changes on soluble protein content of Golden Elf 'Sun-dust' during flower bud differentiation
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