Secondary Metabolites in Leaves of Purple-leaf Plum and Red-leaf Peach
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摘要: 以红叶李和红叶桃叶片为试材，测定叶片不同时期叶绿素、花青素、类黄酮和可溶性糖含量变化以及POD和PAL活性。结果表明：红叶李和红叶桃叶片中叶绿素、花青素、类黄酮、可溶性糖含量以及花青素与叶绿素含量的比值均呈"下降-上升-下降"的变化趋势；红叶李和红叶桃叶片中花青素含量最高的时期分别在9月和4月；POD和PAL的活性变化均呈"下降-上升"的变化趋势。相关性分析表明，红叶李和红叶桃叶片中花青素含量与可溶性糖含量与POD和PAL活性呈显著正相关，而叶片中叶绿素和类黄酮含量的变化与POD和PAL活性无显著相关。Abstract: Contents of secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, chlorophyll, flavonoids, and soluble sugars, as well as the POD and PAL activities in the leaves of purple-leaf plum and red-leaf peach during growing stages were determined. The results showed that the changes in the contents of anthocyanins, chlorophyll, flavonoids, and total soluble sugars, as well as the anthocyanins/chlorophyll ratio, of both varieties were characterized by a decline-rise-decline pattern. The anthocyanin content peaked in September and April. Whereas, the activities of POD and PAL decreased initially and followed by an increase. The anthocyanin content and POD and PAL activities significantly correlated to the soluble sugar content in the leaves. However, no significant correlation between chlorophyll or flavonoids and the enzymatic activities was observed.
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Key words:
- purple-leaf plum /
- red-leaf peach /
- anthocyanin
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表 1 生长过程中花青素和叶绿素含量的变化
Table 1. Changes on anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents in leaves of plum and peach plants during growing stages
月份
/月红叶李 红叶桃 花青素/(mg·hg-1) 叶绿素/(mg·hg-1) 花青素/(mg·hg-1) 叶绿素/(mg·g-1) 4 123.29±0.69aA 3.87±0.10Aa 120.32±1.00aA 4.04±0.07aA 5 112.55±1.70bB 3.58±0.04bAB 57.11±0.29cC 3.86±0.07bAB 6 99.86±1.32cC 3.43±0.01bB 29.31±0.51deD 3.73±0.04bB 7 89.84±0.50dD 3.46±0.07bB 26.66±0.56eD 3.43±0.02cC 8 75.81±0.16eE 3.65±0.03abAB 34.18±0.88dD 3.72±0.06bB 9 129.3±0.06aA 3.63±0.03abAB 79.49±0.41bB 3.36±0.05cCD 10 112.44±0.20bB 3.57±0.11bB 74.48±0.52bB 3.26±0.02dD 注：同列数据后不同大、小写字母分别表示差异极显著(P < 0.01)和差异显著(P < 0.05)。表 2~4同。 
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表 2 生长过程中类黄酮和可溶性糖的变化
Table 2. Changes on flavonoid and total soluble sugar contents in leaves of plum and peach plants during growing stages
月份
/月红叶李 红叶桃 类黄酮/(mg·g-1) 可溶性糖/% 类黄酮/(mg·g-1) 可溶性糖/% 4 38.27±0.42aA 1.89±0.10aA 48.23±0.14aA 1.94±0.06aA 5 38.22±0.02abA 1.86±0.05aA 45.12±0.20bA 1.86±0.07aAB 6 37.18±0.20bA 1.79±0.03aA 42.45±1.01cB 1.56±0.07cdDE 7 36.25±0.29bA 1.48±0.05bB 22.76±0.53deC 1.51±0.05dE 8 22.54±0.20dC 1.34±0.10bB 24.78±0.17dC 1.62±0.04cCDE 9 26.31±0.33cB 1.95±0.05aA 22.39±0.42eC 1.79±0.06abABC 10 21.12±0.37dC 1.82±0.06aA 22.88±0.24eC 1.73±0.07bcBCD
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表 3 生长过程中POD活性和PAL酶活性的变化
Table 3. Changes on POD and PAL activities in leaves of plum and peach plants during growing stages
[单位/(U·mL-1·h-1)] 月份
/月红叶李 红叶桃 POD酶活性 PAL酶活性 POD酶活性 PAL酶活性 4 29.35±0.38bB 48.85±0.65aA 20.28±0.16aA 30.54±0.18aA 5 28.44±0.04bB 45.94±0.32bB 14.80±0.07cC 24.27±0.56cB 6 26.11±0.17cC 33.69±0.29dD 12.86±0.65dD 15.69±0.03eD 7 25.97±0.13cC 34.48±0.29dD 13.77±0.21dD 10.17±0.20fE 8 25.77±0.05cC 21.44±0.05eE 15.29±0.32cC 19.98±0.37dC 9 33.76±0.15aA 40.91±0.61cC 18.66±0.04bB 26.55±0.11bAB 10 33.5±0.48aA 41.33±0.38cC 20.85±0.06aA 30.26±0.80aA
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表 4 生长过程中花青素/叶绿素的变化
Table 4. Changes on anthocyanins/chlorophyll ratio in leaves of plum and peach plants during growing stages
月份
/月红叶李 红叶桃 4 31.86±0.29bB 29.78±0.36aA 5 31.44±0.04bB 14.8±0.42dC 6 29.11±0.26cC 7.86±0.47fE 7 25.97±0.44dD 7.77±0.43fE 8 20.77±0.03eE 10.29±0.46eD 9 33.76±0.22aA 23.66±0.57bB 10 31.5±0.51bB 22.85±0.28cB
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表 5 花青素含量与相关物质间的相关性
Table 5. Correlation between anthocyanin content and related substances
花青素叶绿素 类黄酮 可溶性糖 POD PAL 红叶李 0.417 0.077 0.953** 0.845* 0.878** 红叶桃 0.405 0.326 0.886** 0.865* 0.870* 注：**表示相关性极显著(P < 0.01)；*表示相关性显著(P < 0.05)。
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