Objective Agricultural science and technology innovation is a key measure to promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and achieve modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Taking Fujian Province as an example, this paper empirically studies the impact of agricultural science and technology investment on county-level economic development, providing a theoretical basis for promoting county-level economic development.

Method A basic theoretical model of the impact of agricultural science and technology innovation investment on county-level agricultural development was constructed. Based on the panel data of 58 counties (cities) in Fujian Province from 2010 to 2021, a two-way fixed effect model was used for empirical analysis.

Result Agricultural science and technology fiscal investment has a significant positive impact on both the county-level agricultural gross output value and the per capita GDP of the county. On average, for every 1% increase in county-level agricultural science and technology investment, the county-level agricultural output value increases by 0.092%, and the per capita GDP of the county increases by 0.031%. This indicates that in the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization, in the process of agricultural science and technology modernization, agricultural science and technology innovation investment has become an important influencing factor for county-level agricultural development and regional economic growth.

Suggestion  Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to promote the progress of county-level agricultural science and technology and drive county-level economic development from aspects such as strengthening the intensity of county-level agricultural science and technology investment, implementing differentiated agricultural science and technology policies, and establishing diversified agricultural science and technology service models.