Abstract: Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative biocontrol bacterium, has been extensively studied due to its excellent biocontrol effects against various pests and plant pathogens on the soil surface and in soil, which is attributed to the bacterium itself and its secondary metabolites. However, in practical agricultural biocontrol applications, the colonization and biocontrol efficacy of S. marcescens are often affected by the presence of various soil environmental factors. This paper summarizes the research progress on the effects of soil environmental factors on S. marcescens and its adaptive mechanisms from aspects including soil temperature, surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and humidity, and also concludes the characteristics of the effects of different environmental factors on S. marcescens. Furthermore, it analyzes and discusses the shortcomings and issues in current academic research on S. marcescens, and conducts a preliminary discussion on the potential future research directions regarding the impacts of soil factors on the colonization and biocontrol performance of S. marcescens. The study aims to provide a theoretical reference for further research on the effects of environmental factors on the life activities of S. marcescens and their underlying mechanisms, and to offer new directions for the better application of S. marcescens in the agricultural biological control of soil pests and plant pathogens, as well as the development of biological agents or biopesticides based on S. marcescens and its secondary metabolites in the future.