Abstract: Multiple generations of Luffa(Luffa cylindrical L.) from the cross between an inbred line ’L001’and ’L023’ were used to investigate the genetics of the first female flower bud in the main vine.A major gene plus a polygene model of the quantitative traits was applied for the analysis.The results showed that the genetics of the crossed plants fitted the model of "two adding major gene plus adding-dominance polygene." Heritability of the genes(major genes+polygene) of B1,B2 and F2 population were estimated to be 54.45%,61.88%,and 58.91%,respectively.And the additive effect appeared to be dominant.The environmental effect contributed 38.02%～45.1% of the total VAR.It is concluded that selection of node of the first female flower bud in luffa produced significant effect and that selecting the two cultivated varieties as parents for crossing using the nodes of the first female flower bud at low position as a criterion was effective for early-maturation breeding purpose.The environment affected greatly on the genetics of the node of the first female flower bud in luffa.Therefore,continuous selection on the first nodes seemed necessary.