摘要:
明恢63是我国杂交水稻组合配制中应用最广,种植面积最大,持续时间最长,效益最显著的恢复系,至今仍在生产上大面积应用。明恢63作为恢复系选育的骨干亲本,对我国杂交水稻的更新换代起到里程碑的作用。到2010年,全国以明恢63为父本配组了34个组合通过省级以上审定,其中4个组合通过国家审定,从1984~2009年,明恢63直接配制的组合累计推广面积达8 414.4万hm2,占全国杂交水稻推广面积的24.51%。全国各育种单位利用明恢63作为骨干亲本选育的新恢复系有543个,这些新恢复系配组了922个组合通过省级以上审定,从1990~2009年,以明恢63作为骨干亲本衍生的新恢复系配组的组合累计推广面积达8 101.3万hm2,占全国杂交水稻推广面积的28.22%。明恢63在分子育种方面,主要是导入抗虫、抗除草剂、抗稻瘟病、抗白叶枯、抗飞虱基因和产量QTL等。明恢63作为分子生物学研究的优异材料,到2010年为止,从中主要定位了43个基因,其中9个基因已被克隆。结合育种实践,展望未来杂交水稻育种,提出了四性综合的育种理论。
关键词:
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籼稻
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恢复系
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明恢63
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利用
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创新
Abstract:
The restorer line Minghui63 of hybrid rice was most widely utilized, popular for the longest time, the largest planting area, and most significant yield increasing in hybrid rice combinations bred during past 30 years. In the meanwhile, it will be continued to play a unique role in hybrid rice bred in China. So Minghui63 was a milestone as one of the main parents to breed restorer lines for the renewal of hybrid rice combinations. With the extension of hybrid rice in the world, Minghui63, the restorer line was widely crossed to prepare new hybrid rice combinations with different male sterile lines of hybrid rice. Up to 2009, there were 34 combinations of hybrid rice approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee, and four of them were approved by the national authorities in China. The statistics indicated that the total planting area of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui63 was 84.144 million hectare, about 24.51% of the total planting area of hybrid rice in China from 1984 to 2009. Furthermore, Up to 2009, 544 new restorer lines were bred successfully derived from Minghui63 as the main parent in China. 924 combinations of hybrid rice with these new restorer lines were approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee. The total planting area of hybrid rice combinations from these new restorer lines derived from one of parent Minghui63 was 81.093 million hectare, about 28.23% of the total growing area of hybrid rice in China from 1990 to 2009. Moreover, Minghui63 was a germplasm for molecular biology research. There were mainly forty three genes mapped in the different chromosome of Minghui63, and nine of them had been cloned. On molecular breeding of Minghui63, it were mainly transplanted or introgressed insect、herbicide、blast、Bacterial blight、brown planthopper resistance gene and Yield-enhancing QTL。At the last, the theory of four characteristics integrated comprising high yield, good quality, stress resistance and wide adaptability was put forward based on practice of hybrid rice bred and prospecting breeding of super hybrid rice in the future.
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