摘要:
从福建省永泰、福清、闽侯等6个县(市)采集西瓜、番茄和豇豆等作物的根际土壤,用平板稀释法,分离到芽孢杆菌58株。采用目标病原菌多重菌株平行测定法,测定这58个菌株对6株枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用,筛选得到拮抗菌株3株,其中菌株JK-2(短短芽孢杆菌Brevibacillus brevis)的抑菌效果特别显著。对JK-2的抑菌谱调查结果表明,该菌株对大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)、黑白轮枝菌(Verticillium alboatrum)、真菌轮枝霉(Verticillium fungicola)、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.)、桃褐腐丛梗孢(Monilia laxa)和青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)都具有较强的抑制作用。JK-2产生的抗菌物质对热的稳定性较强,对蛋白酶K不敏感;盆栽及田间小区试验结果表明,JK-2对西瓜枯萎病的防效分别可达83.60%和78.96%。
Abstract:
Fifty-eight strains of Bacillus spp.were isolated from the rhizospheric soils around watermelon,tomato and other plants at Yongtai,Fuqing,Minhou and 3 other counties in Fujian.Using multiple target pathogens inhibition test on 6 strains of Fusarium oxysporum Schl.,3 showed high inhibition activities.Among these strains of the biocontrol bacteria,Brevibacillus brevis JK-2,was most effective.Strain JK-2 displayed a broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to pathogenic fungi and bacteria,including Verticillium dahliae,Verticillium albo-atrum,Verticillium fungicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Monilia laxa and Ralstonia solanacearum.The antimicrobial compounds produced by JK-2 were stable to high temperature(i.e.,100℃)and insensitive to proteinase K.It had control efficacies to watermelon wilt at 83.60% and 78.96% in the field and pot culture tests,respectively.
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